What are the the 3 wing configurations

are commonly used by fixed-wing aircraft.

Considered to be the strongest wing structure because they are designed so that no

external bracing is needed.

They are supported internally by the structural

members and the skin of the plane.

usually have one or two supporting wires or struts attached to the wing and the fuselage.

is typical of the biplane (two wings placed one above the other) with its struts and flying and landing wires. It either uses struts that act in compression or tension, and/or wires which only act in tension.

are used to support the wing and carry

the landing and aerodynamic loads.

has two wings placed one above the other

The internal structure of an aircraft wings is typically made up of stringers and

spars running______

on the internal structure of the wings, the bulkhead and ribs run ______

this means "from leading edge to trailing edge"

are the wing's primary structural members.

They correspond to the longerons of the fuselage.

its primary role is to carry the loads that bend the wing.

are the structural crosspieces that combine with spars and

stringers to make up the wing framework.

They usually extend from the wings' leading edge to the rear spar or the wing's trailing edge.

spars run alongside the _____ axis of the

aircraft and are normally connected to the fuselage by wing fittings, plain

beams, or trusses running from the fuselage to the wing's tip.

TRUE OR FALSE: Ribs maintain the aerodynamics profile of the

wing.

TRUE OR FALSE: Ribs transfer the aerodynamic and fuel loads

acting on the skin to the wing structure's rest.

TRUE OR FALSE: the ribs provide stability against panel crushing and buckling.

TRUE OR FALSE: the wing's upward bending would

destroy the upper and lower wing panels even with ribs.

TRUE OR FALSE: With optimal rib spacing, both crushing and buckling of the upper and lower wing skin would be prevented, and the wing's shape is preserved.

TRUE OR FALSE: Aside from aerodynamic and fuel loads, the wing structure is locally loaded by the

landing gear during landing, taxiing, and take-off. During the flight, the engines, flaps, and ailerons will locally apply loads to the structure as well. These loads are locally introduced into the structure by the ribs.

TRUE OR FALSE: the spars prevent the fuel tanks' surge and splashing by

sectioning the tanks in individual bays. It acts as a sealing function in case

integral fuel tanks are used in the wing structure.

is designed to carry part of the flight and

ground loads combined with the spars and ribs.

The skin on a wing is also

designed to carry part of the loads on the flight and ground, together with

the spars and ribs. This is referred to as a ______

true or false: On an aircraft with stressed-skin wing design, honeycomb structured

wing panels are often used as a skin.

is built from a core material resembling a beehive's honeycomb, laminated or sandwiched

between thin outer skin sheets.

refers to the shape and layout of the fuselage and the wing of a

fixed-wing aircraft.

are mostly found on small, low-speed aircraft. They

produce a good amount of lift at low speeds and are not suitable for high

speed.

These wings create a lot of drag because the wing is perpendicular

to the airflow, but provides a good and stable flight.

These are cheap to

manufacture and can be made lighter.

what are the three types of straight wings

A non-tapered straight wing mostly used in small

aircrafts

an example of this is Piper PA 38

an example of this is P-51 Mustang

Designed by modifying the rectangular wing

a type of straight wing that is Simplest to manufacture

While it is not as efficient as the standard elliptical

wing, it does offer a compromise between efficiency

and manufacturability.

Considered to be the most aerodynamically efficient wing because of

the elliptical spanwise lift distribution that induces the lowest possible

drag

The elliptical shape allowed for the thinnest possible wing, giving room

inside to hold other necessary things

The primary disadvantage is that it is difficult to manufacture

Example: Supermarine Spitfire – ruler of the skies during the Battle of

Britain

One major disadvantage of rectangular straight wing is _____

These types of wings are mostly used on high-speed airplanes.

They produce less drag but is unstable

at low speeds.

These type of wings looks like a triangle when

seen from the above.

true or false: Sweep/swept-back wings reduce drag when

an aircraft is flying at supersonic speeds

forward sweep wings are in mass production because of the wings' flow characteristic where the outboard wings stall before the flaps causing controllability issues.

The amount of sweep depends on the type of the aircraft.

TRUE OR FALSE: A commercial airliner has a MODERATE sweep

High-speed airplanes (e.g., fighter jets) have a MODERATE sweep

WHICH ARE EXAMPLES OF SWEEPBACK/SWEEPFORWARD WING

It can reach high speeds.

Landing speeds are also very fast.

its advantage is its efficiency in all regimes (supersonic, subsonic, and transonic).

which are an example of delta wing

true or false: unswept wings are mostly suitable for high speeds, while swept

wings work best for low speeds.

It offers a large area for the shape, thereby improving maneuverability and reducing wing loading.

were designed to optimize flight experience over a range of speeds. Its main issue is its

mechanical complexity.

were designed to optimize flight experience over a range of speeds. Its main issue is its

mechanical complexity.

which are examples of variable sweep wing

first aircraft to use variable sweep wing

are located on the outside trailing edge of the wing. They move in opposite directions to bank/roll the airplane.

are both lift and drag devices.

true or false: Deploying flaps allows the pilot

to descend and maintain lift at a much slower speed on approach.

deploying flaps provides drag, which slows the aircraft.

2 types of flaps

flap closest to fuselage

allow the plane to lose lift and descend in a controllable way.

They stop the wing from producing lift, forcing the aircraft's full weight onto

the main wheel, making the wheel brakes much more efficient.

a device that is both an aileron and flap.

It assists with the airplane's rolling motion by extending slightly to counteract a portion of the loss of lift in a controlled manner. This is all done by the airplane's computers without additional input from the pilot.

extend outwards from the leading edge of the wing. The

primary purpose is to allow the plane to fly at a higher angle compared to

the relative wing.

It is like a flap but can be found on the other side of the wing.

As vortices of air are produced on the wingtips, the pressure

difference between the upper and lower wing surfaces causes excess drag.

are generally designed to disrupt those vortices in such a

way that it reduces the overall air drag and increase overall wing lift.

is a streamlined body that produces more lift than drag while also

producing a manageable pitching moment when setting at a suitable angle of attack.

2 types of airfoil

The upper and lower cambers are equal in shape

The upper and lower cambers are not equal in shape. The upper camber

has a greater curvature than the lower camber.

– a straight line connecting the leading and trailing edge of an

airfoil

the locus of all points equidistant from top and bottom

of the airfoil

the precise distance from the leading to the trailing edge measured

along the chord line given by the symbol c.

the maximum distance between the chord line and the mean

camber line measured perpendicular to the chord line

the maximum distance between the top and bottom surfaces of

the wing

– is the maximum thickness to chord ratio,

– the most forward points of the mean camber line

the most rearward points of the mean camber line

the air far upstream of the airfoil

the point on the airfoil on which the aerodynamic force

is considered to be concentrated. For an unsymmetrical airfoil, the center of

pressure moves forward as the attack angle increases and vice versa. For a

symmetrical airfoil, the center of pressure does not move as the angle of attack

varies.

– the angle between the relative wind and the chord line

is created by the pressure and shear distributions

over the wing surface. This resultant force can be resolved into two forces

parallel and perpendicular to the relative wind.

the component of the aerodynamic force parallel to the relative wind

the component of the aerodynamic force perpendicular to the relative

wind

end of the wings

distance from one wingtip to the other

refers to the shape of the wing, when viewed from above looking

down onto the wing

area of the planform and is bounded by the leading and trailing

edges and the wingtips

defined to be the square of the span divided by the wing area

Measures how long and slender a wing is from tip to tip

the angle that the wing makes with the local horizontal where

the tips are higher than the root

the angle that the wing makes with the local horizontal where

the tips lower than the root

true or false: Highly maneuverable fighter jets usually have anhedral angles,

which gives the aircraft a high roll rate

Aircraft can be classified depending on their vertical wing location, which are:

aircrafts' are aircrafts' whose wings are attached at the

bottom of the aircraft fuselage.

which are advantages of a low wing aircraft

which are disadvantage of a low wing aircraft

Aircrafts' with wings attached at the mid-portion (height wise) of the

fuselage

Aircraft having wings attached at the top of the fuselage is known as

advantages of mid wing aircraft

disadvantage of mid wing aircraft

advantage of high wing aircraft

disadvantage of high wing aircraft

is the total weight of an aircraft divided by its

wing area.

to calculate wing loading you must