large underwater structures composed of the skeletons of colonial marine invertebrates

the variety of all living things and their interactions

process by which food is made by bacteria or other living things using chemicals as the energy source, typically in the absence of sunlight

the curving of the path of a moving object from an otherwise straight pattern due to Earth's rotation

the study of the chemical components of the oceans, their reaction and their pathways of transformation; study of the organic and inorganic compounds, particulate and dissolved material, and the ocean sediments

a horizontal movement of water in a well-defined pattern

the ratio of the mass of a substance to the volume of the substance

having only one high tide and one low tide each day

the scientific study of the ocean

the study of the Earth beneath the oceans; study of the topography, structure, and geological process of the ocean floor to discover how the Earth and the oceans were formed and how ongoing processes change them

a periodic occurrence in the eastern Pacific Ocean in which the surface-water temperature becomes unusually warm

lacking a backbone

a period of moderate tides when the sun and moon are at right angles to each other

the area where the ocean meets the land between low and high tides

the process by which a body of water becomes overly enriched by nutrients

decreasing levels of pH in the ocean

regions that experience two high tides and two low tides of approximately equal size each lunar day

the periodic cooling of sea-surface temperatures across the east-central equatorial Pacific

a measure of the amount of dissolved salts in a given amount of liquid

the portion of the Earth that is water

a disturbance of the ocean's surface, seen as an alternate rise and fall of the surface

the process by which plants use sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to create oxygen and energy in the form of sugar

the part of the ocean where there is enough sunlight for algae to utilize photosynthesis

involves the study of properties and movement of seawater and the interaction between ocean and atmosphere

consisting of a backbone

the periodic rise and fall of water level in the oceans and other large bodies of water

'king tide'