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WorksheetsCognition Review CLEP
Total questions: 45
Worksheet time: 29mins
Name
Class
Date
1.
Pablo vainly searches for a screwdriver while failing to recognize that a readily available coin in his pocket would turn the screw. His oversight best illustrates:
a)
functional fixedness.
b)
the availability heuristic.
c)
belief perseverance.
d)
the representativeness heuristic.
2.
A defense attorney emphasizes to a jury that her client works full-time, supports his family, and enjoys leisure-time hobbies. Although none of this information is relevant to the trial, it is designed to make the defendant appear to be a typical member of the local community. The lawyer is most clearly attempting to take advantage
a)
confirmation bias.
b)
functional fixedness.
c)
belief perseverance.
d)
the representativeness heuristic.
3.
Advertisers know that a thirty-three percent discount sounds like a better deal than a discount of one third. This best illustrates:
a)
framing.
b)
belief bias.
c)
representativeness heuristics.
d)
confirmation bias.
4.
Maintaining one's conceptions even after the basis on which they were formed has been discredited is known as:
a)
the representativeness heuristic.
b)
belief perseverance.
c)
confirmation bias.
d)
functional fixedness.
5.
Problem solving is one type of cognitive activity in which we all engage. Which of the following cognitive tendencies is seen to be an obstacle to problem solving?
a)
availability heuristic
b)
insight
c)
prototype confusion
d)
confirmation bias
6.
To find Tabasco sauce in a large grocery store, you could systematically search every shelf in every store aisle. This best illustrates problem solving by means of:
a)
the availability heuristic.
b)
functional fixedness.
c)
an algorithm.
d)
the representativeness heuristic.
7.
Which test of memory typically provides the fewest retrieval cues?
a)
Recognition
b)
Recall
c)
Relearning
d)
Rehearsal
e)
Imagery
8.
As his AP psychology teacher was lecturing, Tyler was thinking about competing in a swim meet later that afternoon. Where are Tyler's current thoughts being processed?
a)
sensory memory
b)
the cerebellum
c)
working memory
d)
echoic memory
e)
long-term memory
9.
Automatic processing occurs without
a)
iconic memory.
b)
semantic encoding.
c)
conscious awareness.
d)
long-term potentiation.
e)
sensory memory.
10.
Explicit memory is to long-term memory as iconic memory is to ________ memory.
a)
sensory
b)
short-term
c)
flashbulb
d)
implicit
e)
state-dependent
11.
Sherry easily remembers the telephone reservation number for Holiday Inns by using the mnemonic 1-800-HOLIDAY. She is using a memory aid known as
a)
chunking
b)
imagination inflation
c)
the serial position effect<br />
d)
the peg-word system<br />
e)
implicit memory
12.
Although Mr. Kameda has recently learned to play poker quite well, he cannot consciously remember ever having played poker. It is likely that he has suffered damage to his
a)
brainstem
b)
cerebellum
c)
hypothalamus
d)
hippocampus
e)
motor cortex
13.
Memory of your familiar old e-mail password may block the recall of your new password. This illustrates
a)
source amnesia.
b)
retroactive interference.
c)
the serial position effect.
d)
proactive interference.
e)
chunking.
14.
Your friend told you that eating chocolate was shown to improve memory recall. You may later recall this “fact” but forget where you heard it. You assume that you heard it on the news, a credible source, so you begin eating chocolate. Your behavior best illustrates
a)
implicit memory.
b)
mood-congruent memory.
c)
source amnesia.
d)
retroactive interference.
e)
motivated forgetting.
15.
Participants in one experiment were given entirely fabricated accounts of an occasion in which they had been lost in a shopping mall during their childhood. Many of these participants later falsely recollected vivid details of the experience as having actually occurred. This experiment best illustrated
a)
the self-reference effect.
b)
mood-congruent memory.
c)
the misinformation effect.
d)
proactive interference.
e)
the spacing effect.
16.
Studying psychological concepts while riding the bus, walking to lunch, and waiting for class to begin will improve your memory of the concepts by taking advantage of
a)
chunking.
b)
the self-reference effect.
c)
priming.
d)
the serial position effect.
e)
the spacing effect.
17.
Which term refers to all the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating?
a)
schema
b)
heuristic
c)
cognition
d)
syntax
e)
language
18.
Daniel was asked to write down as many words as he could think of that contained the letter d. To complete this task Daniel would rely on
a)
divergent thinking.
b)
framing.
c)
convergent thinking.
d)
belief perseverance.
e)
the availability heuristic.
19.
Vishant overestimates the proportion of family chores for which he takes sole responsibility because it's easier for him to recall what he has done than to recall what other family members have done. This best illustrates the impact of
a)
overconfidence.
b)
fixation.
c)
the representativeness heuristic.
d)
confirmation bias.
e)
the availability heuristic.
20.
When intelligence scores are graphed, they should create
a)
an increasing slope
b)
a normal bell curve
c)
an equilateral figure
d)
a negative correlation
21.
Memory of facts and concepts
a)
Semantic Memory
b)
Implicit Memory
c)
Explicit Memory
d)
Episodic Memory
22.
Validity means that
a)
a test measures what it is supposed to measure
b)
that a test has been tested on many subjects
c)
a test measures both aptitude and acheivement
d)
scores are the same no matter who grades the test
23.
A test that measures a person's mastery and knowledge of a subject or various subjects is a(n)
a)
Achievement test
b)
Aptitude test
c)
Intelligence test
d)
Personality test
24.
96% of people fall within 30 points of what IQ score?
a)
80
b)
90
c)
100
d)
110
25.
•Memories of emotional events are especially likely to be facilitated by activation of the:
a)
A. amygdala
b)
B. hypothalamus
c)
C. sensory cortex
d)
D. motor cortex
26.
Advertisers know that a thirty-three percent discount sounds like a better deal than a discount of one third. This best illustrates:
a)
framing.
b)
belief bias.
c)
representativeness heuristics.
d)
confirmation bias.
27.
A defense attorney emphasizes to a jury that her client works full-time, supports his family, and enjoys leisure-time hobbies. Although none of this information is relevant to the trial, it is designed to make the defendant appear to be a typical member of the local community. The lawyer is most clearly attempting to take advantage
a)
confirmation bias.
b)
functional fixedness.
c)
belief perseverance.
d)
the representativeness heuristic.
28.
Confirmation bias refers to the tendency to:
a)
Allow preexisting beliefs to distort logical reasoning
b)
Cling to one’s initial conceptions after the basis on which they were formed has been discredited
c)
Search randomly through alternative solutions when problem solving
d)
Look for information that is consistent with one’s beliefs
29.
Which of the following best describes episodic memory?
a)
Memory for skills and habits
b)
Memory for general knowledge and facts
c)
Memory for personally experienced events
d)
Memory for the meanings of words and concepts
30.
A mental set refers to:
a)
The tendency to approach situations in a certain way because that method worked in the past.
b)
The inability to see an object as having a function other than its usual one.
c)
A rule that guarantees the right solution by applying a specific formula.
d)
A mental shortcut that allows for quick decision making.
31.
The concept of "flashbulb memory" suggests that:
a)
All memories fade at the same rate.
b)
Emotional events can lead to particularly vivid and enduring memories.
c)
Photographs enhance our ability to remember events.
d)
Sudden insights are more memorable than gradually understood concepts.
32.
Processes that you have memorized and know, but the details are not highly focused on
a)
Implicit Memory
b)
Explicit Memory
c)
Episodic Memory
d)
Echoic Memory
33.
An aptitude test attempts to measure
a)
potential for future learning
b)
how much a person already knows
c)
a person's genetic makeup
d)
kinesthetic intelligence
34.
Validity means that
a)
a test measures what it is supposed to measure
b)
that a test has been tested on many subjects
c)
a test measures both aptitude and acheivement
d)
scores are the same no matter who grades the test
35.
Fluid intelligence refers most directly to a person's
a)
ability to assume the perspective of others.
b)
ability to utilize diffuse brain regions for storing memories.
c)
accumulated knowledge.
d)
ability to reason speedily and abstractly.
36.
If a test is standardized, this means that
a)
it accurately measures what it is intended to measure.
b)
most test scores will cluster near the average.
c)
the test will yield consistent results when administered on different occasions.
d)
a person's test performance can be compared with that of a representative pretested group.
37.
The most commonly used individual intelligence test is
a)
ASVAB
b)
Stanford-Binet
c)
Jensen culture free assessment
d)
Wechsler Intelligence Scales
38.
The fact that identical twins' IQ scores are so close together (highly correlated) even when they are raised apart suggests
a)
intelligence is strongly genetic
b)
intelligence has a strong environmental component
c)
Identical twins attend better schools than fraternal twins
d)
Adopted parents have a positive effect on intelligence.
39.
Name Gardner's eight intelligences.
a)
Body, eyes, brain, speech, environment, music, self-aware, and other aware
b)
Moving, seeing, thinking, speaking, appreciating, singing, reflecting, and communicating
c)
Bodily/Kinesthetic, Visual/Spatial, Logical/Mathematical, Verbal/Linguistic, Naturalist, Musical/Rhythmical, Interpersonal, Intrapersonal
d)
Physical, visual, intellectual, verbal, natural, musical, personal, and public
40.
After learning the combination for his new locker at school, Milton is unable to remember the combination for his year-old bicycle lock. Milton is experiencing the effects of
a)
encoding failure.
b)
source amnesia.
c)
retroactive interference.
d)
proactive interference.
e)
automatic processing.
41.
Research on memory construction indicates that
a)
recent events are more vulnerable to memory distortion than events from our more distant past.
b)
false memories often feel as real as true memories.
c)
hypnotic suggestion is a particularly effective technique for accurate memory retrieval.
d)
it is very difficult to lead people to construct memories of events that never happened.
e)
true memories are created by long-term potentiation, and false memories are encoded in the cerebellum.
42.
Participants in one experiment were given entirely fabricated accounts of an occasion in which they had been lost in a shopping mall during their childhood. Many of these participants later falsely recollected vivid details of the experience as having actually occurred. This experiment best illustrated
a)
the self-reference effect.
b)
mood-congruent memory.
c)
the misinformation effect.
d)
proactive interference.
e)
the spacing effect.
43.
Daniel was asked to write down as many words as he could think of that contained the letter d. To complete this task Daniel would rely on
a)
divergent thinking.
b)
framing.
c)
convergent thinking.
d)
belief perseverance.
e)
the availability heuristic.
44.
Which of the following conditions causes difficulty recalling subsequent life events?
a)
repression
b)
retrograde amnesia
c)
anterograde amnesia
d)
state-dependent memory
e)
encoding failure
45.
An increase in a neuron's firing potential that contributes to memory formation is known as
a)
chunking.
b)
the serial position effect.
c)
automatic processing.
d)
long-term potentiation.
e)
proactive interference.
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