WorksheetsEconomics Chapter 14
Total questions: 25
Worksheet time: 28mins
The percentage of workers belonging to a union is higher in the
If a for-profit firm that has paid out record bonuses to its executive every year while underfunding contributions to unionized workers' pensions required under the collective agreement then attempts to reduce workers' pension entitlements, the union members will most likely
Say the average increase in pay for non-union workers in 2011 is 2% across the U.S. If a workers' union successfully negotiates a 3-year collective agreement that provides a 4.5% raise in 2011, and a 4.3% raise in 2013, then the for-profit employer will typically
If the union has enough negotiating power to raise the annual salary by $20,000 more than a non- unionized university would be willing to pay, then there will be excess_____________________ of labor of _____________________ economics professors.
Which of the following is most likely to have a large union membership that experiences little import competition?
A. telemarketing
B. lawyers in the legal services sector
C. the real estate industry
D. police services
The existence of labor unions forces employers to deal with workers _____________________.
A. individually, rather than as a collective
B. cooperatively, rather than uncooperatively
C. equitably, rather than inequitably
D. collectively, rather than as individuals
There is sufficient evidence showing that union workers in the manufacturing sector generally
A. tend to hold those jobs for less time than non-union workers.
B. have higher productivity than non-union workers.
C. have fewer years of experience than non-union workers,
D. have lower productivity than non-union workers
Which of the following arguments would most likely be presented by a critic of labor unions?
A. unions oppose suppression of wages by profit-seeking firms
B. unions have a tendency to gain as much as possible in the long-term
C. unions can prohibit economic growth if new technology is blocked
D. unions have a higher percentage of women members than men
From a competitive firms' point of view, the key question regarding the higher wages paid to union workers is whether the higher wage level
A. is matched by non-union producers.
B. can be passed on to its customers.
C. leads to workers with more experience.
D. is matched with higher productivity.
As a result of the American workers' ability to sell their labor though a union, profit-making firms must pay wages
A. exceeding the equilibrium wage those firms would otherwise have selected.
B. at the intersection of the demand and supply labor curves.
C. below the equilibrium wage level those firms would otherwise be able to pay.
D. that match the preferred equilibrium wage these firms have selected.
_____________________ involves active efforts to improve the job opportunities or outcomes of minority groups or women.
A. Meritorious action
B. Affirmative action
C. Anti-discriminative action
D. Aligned action
Once the U.S. government opened its domestic markets to international trade, the competition from imported cars, steel, and other products caused demand for similar U.S. goods to
A. continually increase leading to an overall increase in union membership.
B. fall, leading to lower output, fewer workers, and an overall decline in union membership.
C. decline, causing workers to call upon governments to pass indexed wage protection laws.
D. rise, but laws made it difficult for new workers to become union members.
If the union negotiates an annual salary increase for economics professors that is $20,000 higher than the market wage rate for economic consultants, then the market wage rate for the consulting positions will _____________________ and the quantity of economic consultants employed will_____________________.
A. rise, rise
B. rise, fall
C. fall, fall
D. fall, rise
The earnings gap in the U.S. labor market between black and white workers_____________________.
A. was completely eliminated by the end of the 1960s
B. has not diminished at all since 1960
C. has diminished since 1960, but a gap still remains
D. existed in the 1960s but was reversed throughout the 1970s
Since 1960, the earnings gap between men and women in the U.S. labor market has
A. steadily risen.
B. been completely eliminated.
C. continued to narrow.
D. increased throughout the 1970s.
Of the many available policies to reduce discrimination by race and gender in the U.S. labor market, the most controversial is likely to be
A. laws prohibiting discrimination
B. affirmative action goals and quotas
C. increased access to child care
D. improved educational opportunities
Discrimination in labor markets arises if_____________________, as measured by education, receive different pay because of their_____________________.
A. workers with different skill levels; race or gender
B. workers with no experience; race or marital status
C. workers with work experience; race or marital status
D. workers with the same skill levels; race or gender
Although the earnings gap between men and women in the U.S. labor market_____________________ in the 1970s, it has_____________________.
A. did not change much; been declining since 1980
B. did not change much; been on the increase since 1980
C. increased; been declining since 1980
D. declined, been increasing since 1980
The earnings gap in the U.S. labor market between black and white workers_____________________ in the 1960s and 1970s, but, since 1980, the gap_____________________.
A. rose substantially; has not changed much
B. fell substantially; is pretty well unchanged
C. rose substantially, has declined substantially
D. fell substantially, has substantially increased
Discriminatory impulses in the labor market can emerge at a number of levels:
A. among managers
B. among workers
C. among customers
D. all of the above
In recent years, the U.S. labor market has experienced a_____________________ in the earnings gap between men and women. One of the main factors behind this is_____________________.
A. big decline; men have steadily been less productive and their wages have fallen
B. decline; women's' career focus and rewards gained with top-level job expertise
C. increase; women are getting married and having children earlier in life
D. big increase; an increase in gender-based discrimination in labor markets
The town of Bookville has a massive public library system. Bookville's municipal government faces a tradeoff between retaining its current level of library workers and replacing some of them with computers. The four options available to the government are given in the table. Question: After the introduction of a strong union, the annual salary for workers increases to $30,000. In these circumstances, the optimal choice from a cost perspective for the city government is____
Choice A
Choice B
Choice C
Choice D
The table shows the quantity demanded and supplied in the labor market for economics professors at A State University, where all the professors belong to a union. All of the economics professors could also work as economic consultants, but the market for economic consultants is not unionized. Question: If the union negotiates an annual salary increase for economics professors that is $20,000 higher than the market wage rate for economic consultants, then the market wage rate for the consulting positions will ___ and the quantity of economic consultants employed will___.
rise, rise
rise, fall
fall, fall
fall, rise
Briefly explain the advantage employers have over the single employee.
Briefly discuss the wage gap experienced by women and black workers in the U.S. labor market and note any controversy relating to the extent to which certain factors might explain these circumstances.
