You work for a doctor's surgery in New York City that has thousands of patients. The patients data is stored on-premises, but the backups need to be stored on S3 in the most secure way possible. Which of the following is the most secure way of achieving this?

You have a web application running on an Amazon EC2 instance in a Virtual Private Cloud (VPC). You want to allow external users to access your web server over HTTP (port 80) while keeping your server secure. Which of the following actions should you take regarding the associated security group?

You are developing an application that will run on EC2 and requires secure access to a backend RDS (Relational Database Service) running on MySQL. The application needs to utilize credentials to access the RDS database while ensuring communication between the application and RDS is encrypted. What is the most secure method of doing this?

A news media company is using an S3 bucket as a website to serve photos of television personalities within the company. The photos are intended to be served nationwide to local affiliates across the company, but you have found that these photos are being accessed and pirated for other websites not affiliated with the company. What can you do to stop this?

You work for a real estate company that hosts some production services on AWS. Unfortunately, a junior system administrator leaves a CSV file containing Personally Identifiable Information (PII) about the businesses customers on a public S3 bucket. You need to prevent this from happening in the future. What AWS service uses machine learning (ML) and pattern matching to discover and protect PII?

Jessica is a Database Administrator who has been given the task to migrate all the team Oracle databases running on on-premises virtual machines to the AWS cloud. During the migration efforts, it was requested that she find an automated way to convert to using an Amazon Aurora PostgreSQL database instead of Oracle as well as replicating any ongoing transactions during the migration itself.

Which AWS service configurations would Jessica use in this scenario?

A small financial technology company has decided to migrate all infrastructure to AWS. They do not have the budget to properly plan and refactor their infrastructure to fit AWS, so they have decided simply to lift-and-shift everything for now. The CEO and CTO have required that all on-premises applications and infrastructure be moved into AWS by end of year, and they will refactor at a later date.

Which solution is the best fit for their migration needs?

You work for a medium-sized retail outlet that uses a payment processing system with a backend on AWS. Recently, you had an outage and you need to provision some AWS services locally on-site at each retail branch. This will consist of a small application that will process the transaction on-site and then transmit the processed transaction to the AWS backend when there is internet connectivity. If there is no connectivity, it will wait until there is and then transmit the transaction. You need to design a solution that will bring AWS on-site to the retail locations. The solution needs to account for the small physical space available in some of the stores. Which AWS service would achieve this?

Your company has decided to begin migration efforts from on-premises data centers to the AWS cloud. Currently, the data centers host several virtual machines, including vSphere VMs and Hyper-V VMs. You have been asked to find the easiest and most efficient method of migrating all the VMs to AWS as Amazon EC2 AMIs, while also minimizing the potential downtime.

Which AWS service is the best fit for this?

You are decoupling your infrastructure and decide to implement an SQS queue as part of the overall architecture to make your web application more resilient. You need to create an SQS queue that allows your messages to be processed exactly once and in order. Which SQS queue should you choose?

A company has an Auto Scaling group of EC2 instances hosting their retail sales application. Any significant downtime for this application can result in large losses of profit. Therefore, the architecture also includes an Application Load Balancer and an RDS database in a Multi-AZ deployment. The company has a very aggressive Recovery Time Objective (RTO) in case of disaster. How long will a failover of an RDS database typically complete?

You have a solution that is hosted in US-West-1 consisting of a custom VPC, 20 EC2 instances, RDS instances, an Application Load Balancer, and an Auto Scaling group. Unfortunately, the entire Region goes down for a few hours and your business suffers a large loss of revenue. Your manager decides he wants scripted infrastructure so that, if a Region goes down, you will be able to run a script in another Region and create a copy of your environment, including all the custom VPC configurations. What AWS service should you use?

You have an EC2 instance in an Auto Scaling group that is currently a t2.micro. It was a test/dev server; however, the process of introducing clients to "test" the software and having processes which were bypassed internally has resulted in a system that is now running a key production workload for the business. You have already reconfigured the Auto Scaling group metrics to scale horizontally, but due to the additional use cases this application is being used for, the instance size also now needs increasing to cope with the additional processing power and memory allocation needed by each client. Analyzing the metrics has identified that a t2.2xlarge instance size would balance cost and performance for this application. How can you achieve this without incurring downtime in the application in the simplest way possible?

A web application for a travel company is hosted in EC2. The EC2 instances consume messages from an SQS queue related to vacation bookings. After processing a booking, an SNS topic is triggered to automatically send an email notification to the operations team. Last night, the operations team received email notifications for seven unique orders. Over the span of the next three hours, without any new bookings being made, they received a total of 28 notifications. What could be causing this behavior?

Your company is currently building out a second AWS region. Following best practices, they've been using CloudFormation to make the migration easier. They've run into a problem with the template though. Whenever the template is created in the new region, it's still referencing the AMI in the old region. What is the best solution to automatically select the correct AMI when the template is deployed in the new region?

You work at a small startup with a very strict budget. Recently, they experienced a surge of demand on their web frontend servers, which triggered an auto scaling event. The auto scaling wasn't configured correctly, and it did not scale down after the surge, resulting in a very large bill at the end of the month. You need to find a way to alert the founders when your AWS bill reaches a certain threshold, and you need to do this as cost-effectively and efficiently as possible. What is the best way to achieve this?

You work for an advertising company that delivers high-resolution images and movies to customers across the globe. You are migrating the application to AWS, and you need to be able to deliver large media files to your end users as quickly as possible in the most cost-effective method possible. What is the best way to achieve this?

A development team is experimenting with AWS Lambda. They want to use a completely serverless application with a few other serverless resources included, but due to resource constraints, they cannot design it from the ground up. Because of this, they want to leverage an application stack that someone has potentially already created.

What would be the most cost-effective way to accomplish this?

You work for an insurance company that is designing a new application. The application will need a relational database on the backend that automatically starts up, shuts down, and scales capacity up or down based on your application's needs. You need this database to be as cost-effective as possible. Which database should you choose?