Who describe Tagalog customs in 1589

An Italian scholar, knight, and explorer, accompanied Ferdinand Magellan in the first circumnavigation of the world

He wrote Primo viaggio intorno al mondo (First Voyage Around the World), which provided the earliest European eyewitness account of Philippine life, politics, and culture in 1521.

A Spanish Franciscan missionary who arrived in the Philippines in 1578

authored Relacion de las Costumbres de los Tagalos (1589)

Who was the Italian chronicler who accompanied Magellan and gave the first European account of the Philippines?

Who authored Relacion de las Costumbres de los Tagalos in 1589?

How many families usually made up a barangay according to Plasencia?

Leadership in barangays could be gained through:

What symbolized alliances between rulers in Pigafetta’s account?

What was the main economic activity of precolonial Filipinos?

Which of the following was widely used in barter trade?

Who were the spiritual leaders of precolonial religion?

What was the highest social class according to Plasencia?

Which class were the freemen?

Which type of Alipin lived in their own houses but served their masters occasionally?

What were the common materials for houses in precolonial Philippines?

Boats used for travel and trade were called:

What type of justice system existed in precolonial Philippines?

What was the dowry called in marriage customs?

Which chronicler described the natives as hospitable?

Which resource was abundant and used for ornaments?

Who had executive, judicial, and military powers in barangays?

Which weapon was commonly used?

What was the common punishment for theft or crimes?

Who emphasized the role of kinship in governance?

Which natural resources shaped daily life?

Which crop was NOT mentioned as a staple?

Which foreign traders did Pigafetta note in his account?

Which chronicler offered a systematic view of society for Spanish governance?

Precolonial Philippines had one central government uniting all islands.

Pigafetta witnessed the blood compact ritual.

Plasencia divided society into Maharlika, Timawa, and Alipin.

Women had no role in farming or religion.

The Babaylan were considered spiritual leaders.

Agriculture was not important in precolonial society.

The datu had executive, judicial, and military powers.

Laws were always written in books during Pigafetta’s time.

Dowries in marriage were called bigay-kaya.

The Alipin class had only one type

Balangay boats were important for trade and transport.

Bamboo and nipa were used for house construction.

Pigafetta described the natives as unfriendly and hostile.

Plasencia noted indigenous medical practices using herbs.

Natural resources had no impact on culture and rituals.

Described the blood compact ritual

Wrote Relacion de las Costumbres de los Tagalos

Described Maharlika, Timawa, and Alipin

Wrote Primo viaggio intorno al mondo

Noted foreign trade with Chinese and Malays

Provided details on dowries and inheritance laws

Praised fertile lands and abundance of livestock

Explained tribute (buwis) system

i. Recorded idol worship and rituals

Noted weaving, metalwork, and goldsmithing

Rajah Humabon’s leadership in Cebu represented localized authority based on kinship and bravery.

Natives engaged in barter trade using rice, coconuts, and pigs as goods of exchange.

Hospitality was shown through feasts, communal meals, and gift-giving.

The balangay boats were used for trade, transport, and raiding across islands.

Disputes were resolved by a datu through mediation or community rituals.

Fertile rice fields and coconut groves supported agricultural livelihoods.

Leadership within barangays was hereditary but could also be gained through valor or wealth.

Gold was widely used for ornaments and trade with Chinese and Malay merchants.

Kinship ties shaped authority, inheritance, and family obligations

Weapons like kampilan, spears, and bamboo shields were crafted for defense.

Laws were unwritten and enforced through compensation or servitude.

The sea provided abundant fish and enabled inter-island commerce.

Alliances were sealed through the ritual of a blood compact (sandugo).

Tribute (buwis) was paid to the datu in the form of crops, gold, or labor.

Society was divided into Maharlika (nobles), Timawa (freemen), and Alipin (slaves).

Agricultural implements such as plows and bolos improved farming practices.

Marriage involved dowries (bigay-kaya), and divorce was sometimes permitted.

Rituals honored spirits of nature during planting, hunting, or harvest.

Barangays could ally through kinship or marriage ties with other groups.

Weaving of abaca and cotton was a key livelihood industry.

Women played active roles in farming, weaving, and religious rituals.

Bamboo and nipa houses were elevated on stilts for airflow and flood safety.

Crimes like theft, adultery, and homicide were punished with fines or servitude.

Natural resources like wood, gold, and cotton shaped daily life and crafts.