_____ involves knowing not only the vocabulary, phonology, grammar, and other aspects of linguistic structure but also when to speak (or not), what to say to whom, and how to say it appropriately in any given situation.

The term _____ community refers to a group of people who share knowledge of a common language to at least some extent.

Saville-Troike (2003) defined communicative competence as “what a speaker needs to know to communicate _____ within a particular language community”.

Through a social lens, _____ typically refers to an additional language which is learned within a context where it is societally dominant and needed for education, employment, and other basic purposes.

Through a social lens, _____ typically refers to an additional language that is not widely used in the learners’ immediate social context, but rather one that might be used for future travel or other cross-cultural communication situations, or one that might be studied as a curricular requirement or elective in school with no immediate or necessary practical application.

Through a social lens, _____ typically refers to an additional language that learners need to know for some official functions in their immediate sociopolitical setting, or that they will need for purposes of wider communication, although their first language serves most other needs in their lives.

_____ can be defined as multiple linguistic forms that are systematically or predictably used by different speakers of a language, or by the same speakers at different times, with the same or very similar meaning or function.

_____ is a framework for study of SLA that is based on the notion that speakers usually unconsciously change their pronunciation and even the grammatical complexity of sentences they use to sound more like whomever they are talking to.

From a social perspective, interaction is generally seen as _____ in providing learners with the quantity and quality of external linguistic input.

_____ typically refers to the speech from L1 speakers addressed to L2 learners that differs in systematic ways from language addressed to native or very fluent speakers.

_____ claims that modifications and collaborative efforts which take place in social interaction facilitate SLA because they contribute to the accessibility of input for mental processing.

_____ is an approach established by Vygotsky which claims that interaction

not only facilitates language learning but is a causative force in acquisition. Further, all of

learning is seen as essentially a social process which is grounded in sociocultural settings.

_____ typically refers to the link between a person’s current mental state and higher order functions that is provided primarily by language.

_____ is an area of potential development where the learner can only achieve that potential with assistance. It is part of Vygotsky’s Sociocultural Theory.

The term "_____" can be referred to as verbal guidance which an expert provides to help a learner perform any specific task, or the verbal collaboration of peers to perform a task which would be too difficult for any one of them in individual performance.

_____, a framework for analysis of language and its functions established by Hymes (1966), relates language use to broader social and cultural contexts, employing ethnographic methods of data collection and interpretation to study of language acquisition and use.

_____ is an approach in research and theory that allows exploration of issues

such as how identity, status, and values influence L2 outcomes and why.

Schumann’s (1978) theory that identifies group factors such as identity and status which determine social and psychological distance between learner and target language populations. He claims these influence outcomes of SLA.

A French person studies German for six years because the school system requires it.

In this scenario, German is _____.

A Chinese family immigrates to Canada and studies English so as to enter the school systems and the work force.

In this scenario, English is _____.

In India, native speakers of Tamil learn English to participate in official Indian governmental proceedings.

In this scenario, English is _____.

According to _____ Theory, interaction is necessary for (and a cause of) language acquisition, and all of learning is a social process.

The _____ represents an area of potential development where the learner achieves more through interaction with a teacher or a more advanced learner.

_____ bilingualism is where members of a dominant group learn the language of a minority without threat to their L1 competence or to their ethnic identity. _____ bilingualism is where members of a minority group learn the dominant language as L2 and are more likely to experience some loss of ethnic identity and L1 skills.