WorksheetsPulmonary Circulation
Total questions: 20
Worksheet time: 10mins
Which Starling force primarily pushes fluid out of the capillary?
Capillary hydrostatic pressure
Capillary colloid osmotic pressure
Interstitial hydrostatic pressure
Interstitial colloid osmotic pressure
What happens to pulmonary vessels during exercise?
Decrease in number of capillary openings
Increase in pulmonary arterial pressure
Increase in the number of capillary openings (recruitment)
Decrease in flow rate in capillaries
What is the effect of increased lymph flow in pulmonary oedema safety factor?
Promotes fluid accumulation
Reduces fluid accumulation
Decreases interstitial hydrostatic pressure
Increases capillary permeability
What is the primary function of the pulmonary circulation?
To provide oxygen to the heart muscles
To facilitate ventilation and gas exchange
To circulate hormones throughout the body
To regulate blood pressure
What is the normal systolic pressure in the pulmonary artery?
120 mmHg
80 mmHg
25 mmHg
15 mmHg
Which group of pulmonary hypertension is associated with chronic lung disease?
Group 1
Group 2
Group 3
Group 4
What mechanism occurs in pulmonary circulation in response to hypoxia?
Vasodilation
Vasoconstriction
Increased cardiac output
Decreased lymphatic drainage
What can cause blockage of the lymphatic system leading to non-cardiogenic pulmonary oedema?
Infection
Inflammation
Tumor
Heart failure
What is a key radiological feature of cardiogenic pulmonary oedema?
Kerley B lines
Increased lung volume
Decreased cardiothoracic ratio
Loss of pleural space
Which factor helps to keep the alveoli relatively dry?
High hydrostatic pressure
Continuous filtration of plasma fluid
Negative interstitial hydrostatic pressure
Increased permeability of capillaries
What is the pressure gradient in the pulmonary system between the mean pulmonary artery pressure and the mean pulmonary vein pressure?
5 mmHg
10 mmHg
15 mmHg
20 mmHg
Which condition is a common cause of pleural effusion?
Low cardiac output
Increased permeability of capillaries
Decreased pulmonary artery pressure
Decreased interstitial oncotic pressure
What is a characteristic finding in non-cardiogenic pulmonary oedema?
Increased left atrial pressure
Pink frothy sputum
Elevated JVP
Exudate fluid accumulation
What effect does hypoxia have on vascular remodeling in the lungs?
Decreases VEGF
Increases VEGF
Decreases angiotensin II
Increases nitrous oxide
What is the primary cause of pulmonary hypertension in Group 2 according to the WHO classification?
Chronic lung disease
Hypoxia
Left heart disease
Chronic thromboembolism
What is the normal range of pulmonary venous pressure?
0-5 mmHg
1-5 mmHg
5-10 mmHg
10-15 mmHg
Which physiological change prevents excessive fluid accumulation in the alveoli?
High capillary hydrostatic pressure
Increased interstitial oncotic pressure
Evaporation during respiration
High alveolar pressure
Which zone of pulmonary blood flow is characterized by the highest capillary pressure?
Zone 1
Zone 2
Zone 3
Zone 4
What role does the autonomic nervous system play in the regulation of pulmonary blood flow?
Parasympathetic system constricts vessels
Sympathetic system constrict vessels
Parasympathetic system dilates vessels
Both systems have no effect on pulmonary vessels
What factor primarily determines the pressure in the pulmonary venous system?
Cardiac output
Body position
Gravity
Pulmonary artery pressure
