PAYING IT FORWARD offers a stunning lesson on kindness

1) In the book, Paying It Forward: How one cup of coffee could change the world, a university professor describes an experiment with acts of kindness. She tried to lend a helping hand to a stranger - offering her umbrella or giving someone coins for a parking meter. In return, she asked those people to do a nice thing for someone else.

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PAYING IT FORWARD offers a stunning lesson on kindness

2) Her experiment showed that, for an act of kindness to be paid forward, it must be met with gratitude. But what happens if the person isn't appreciative? Your thoughtful gesture might not always be accepted with a grateful smile. Efforts to help can be interpreted as unwanted attention. You wanted to be helpful, but now you just feel bad!

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PAYING IT FORWARD offers a stunning lesson on kindness

3) Even if someone appreciates your help, how much is too much? They say kindness is its own reward, but research shows that a kind act will not be carried out if it is too difficult or takes too much time. There is a point at which the effort becomes greater than the reward. Paying it forward isn't as simple as it sounds.

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DESCRIBING GOOD DEEDS (pg. 146)

[A] Choose the best adjective to complete the sentence.

1. 1) Helping people in need can be a very grateful / rewarding experience.

DESCRIBING GOOD DEEDS (pg. 146)

[A] Choose the best adjective to complete the sentence.

1. 2) Most people are very appreciative / thoughtful when you do a good deed for them.

DESCRIBING GOOD DEEDS (pg. 146)

[A] Choose the best adjective to complete the sentence.

1. 3)  It’s easy to lend someone a kind / helping hand.

DESCRIBING GOOD DEEDS (pg. 146)

[A] Choose the best adjective to complete the sentence.

1. 4) If you don't want to seem ungrateful / appreciative, thank a person for what they have done for you.

2. ________と思われたくない場合は、その人があなたのためにしてくれたことに対して感謝しましょう。

DESCRIBING GOOD DEEDS (pg. 146)

[A] Choose the best adjective to complete the sentence.

1. 5)  Going to visit someone in the hospital is a very helping / kind thing to do.

DESCRIBING GOOD DEEDS (pg. 146)

[A] Choose the best adjective to complete the sentence.

1. 6)  Sending flowers when someone dies is a very rewarding / thoughtful gesture.

GRAMMAR (pg. 57)

[A] Choose the correct words to complete the rules. Read the sentences in the grammar box to help you.

1. 1. To form the passive with a modal, use modal verb + be + _____________

GRAMMAR (pg. 57)

[A] Choose the correct words to complete the rules. Read the sentences in the grammar box to help you.

1. 2. For something that is probably but not definite, use the modal ________

GRAMMAR (pg. 57)

[A] Choose the correct words to complete the rules. Read the sentences in the grammar box to help you.

1. 3. For something that is one of many possibilities (or concerns ability), use the modal ________

GRAMMAR (pg. 57)

[A] Choose the correct words to complete the rules. Read the sentences in the grammar box to help you.

1. 4. For something that is definite or necessary, use the modal ________

GRAMMAR (pg. 57)

[A] Choose the correct words to complete the rules. Read the sentences in the grammar box to help you.

1. 5. For something that is generally true (or concerns something that will happen in the future), use the modal ________

GRAMMAR (pg. 57)

[B] Complete the sentences with the appropriate modal verb. Sometimes more than one modal may be appropriate.

1. 1. If the program gets enough support, its goals ______________ be achieved by the end of the year.

GRAMMAR (pg. 57)

[B] Complete the sentences with the appropriate modal verb. Sometimes more than one modal may be appropriate.

1. 2. These rooms _____________ be set up as a job center or a children's after-school program. We're not sure.

GRAMMAR (pg. 57)

[B] Complete the sentences with the appropriate modal verb. Sometimes more than one modal may be appropriate.

1. 3. Unfortunately, these facilities ____________ be adapted for the disabled because there is no place for an elevator.

GRAMMAR (pg. 57)

[B] Complete the sentences with the appropriate modal verb. Sometimes more than one modal may be appropriate.

1. 4a. Next winter, help ___________ be provided to all families in need.

GRAMMAR (pg. 57)

[B] Complete the sentences with the appropriate modal verb. Sometimes more than one modal may be appropriate.

1. 4b. You __________ donate used coats and blankets anytime.

For something that is probable but not definite, use the modal ‘might’.   可能性が高いが確定ではない場合は、モーダル ‘might’を使用します。

Example: The report might be finished by tomorrow.

For something that is one of many possibilities, use the modal ‘can’.多くの可能性の一つである場合は、モーダル ‘can’ を使用します。

Example: The task can be done by anyone in the team.

For something that is definite or necessary, use the modal ‘must’.確実または必要な場合は、モーダル ‘must’ を使用します。

Example: The meeting must be scheduled for next week.

For something that is generally true in the situation, use the modal ‘will’.状況において一般的に真実である場合は、モーダル ‘will’ を使用します。

Example: The documents will be reviewed regularly.