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WorksheetsEpistemology 3 NFL
Total questions: 10
Worksheet time: 5mins
A necessary condition is...
Something you need in order to have the thing in question A is a necessary condition for B. Water is a necessary condition of rain.
Having A is enough to guarantee that you have B. Having A is necessary so you must have B too.
When you have all the conditions to define a particular thing
An example of a sufficient condition is...
Water contains hydrogen
A bachelor is an unmarried man
Your a mum if you have a daughter
Zagzebski says knowledge has a real essence so it can be defined but that we should avoid what 4 pitfalls when defining it?
Circularity, scepticism, negative, ad hoc
Scepticism, no false lemmas, Ad hoc, negative
Negative, Ad hoc, luck, chance
Circularity, obscurity, negative, ad hoc
What is Gettier's main objection to JTB?
That a belief can be false
That the justification is never fulfilled, we can always ask why
That the conditions of JTB are jointly necessary but not sufficient to define knowledge
That the conditions of JTB are sufficient to define knowledge but not individually necessary
Smith and Jones Gettier counter example shows that your can have JTB but not knowledge because you knowledge can be based on what?
False justification
A lie so it is not true
Luck or chance
Jones creates a new belief based on the strength of his first belief that Jones owns a Ford, his new belief is that Brown is in Barcelona, what type of belief do we call this?
A conjunctive belief
A disjunctive belief
A connective belief
A disconnected belief
fake barns suggests that JTB does not define knowledge because..
The justification is false because the believer's perception is being deceived by fake barns
Their belief that the barn is real is wrong because the rest are fake, so their justification is not strong enough to suggest they have knowledge
The justification is not false in any way, but the believer does not know that they are in an unusual context which makes their belief seem luckily true
What is infalliblism?
knowledge can only be allowed if the truth of the claim is that strong that it is impossible to be wrong (infallible).
knowledge can only be allowed if the belief is that strong that it is impossible to be wrong (infallible).
knowledge can only be allowed if the justification is that strong that it is impossible to be wrong (infallible).
What is meant by no false lemmas?
An act of knowledge occurs when the belief is successful (it is true) and where its success stems from intellectual virtues (so not just luckily true).
Linking knowledge to the reliability of the person or thing that led to it.
So no false lemmas claims that knowledge is justified, true belief where the justification is not based on false belief.
According to Gettier, why is JTB not sufficient for knowledge?
It allows for lucky guesses
It does not require propositions to be true
It doesn't allow for differences of opinion
JTB is not necessary for knowledge
