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Year 11 Unit 2 Topic 1 Review

Total questions: 208

Worksheet time: 5hrs 53mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

What is another example of a "negative feedback mechanism" in your body?

4 lines
2.
Homeostasis
a)
allows for a wildly fluctuating internal environment
b)
is impossible in vertebrates
c)

is the maintenance of a relatively stable internal environment

d)

is the maintenance of a relatively stable external environment

3.
What is another word that can be used to describe "homeostasis"?
a)

stable

b)

equal

c)

complete

d)

correct

4.

When your glucose levels are too high, what is the appropriate response?

a)

urinate

b)

release glucagon

c)

eat sugar

d)

release insulin

5.
Homeostasis in the human body is often maintained by a: 
a)

the brain only

b)
solar feedback loop
c)

the muscles

d)
negative feedback loop
6.

This graph shows an example of...

a)

Blood sugar regulation

b)

Homeostasis

c)

Negative feedback

d)

Positive feedback

7.

What is the point of a feedback loop?

a)

To provide the body with more energy

b)

To provide the body with more food

c)

To make sure the conditions in the body are always changing

d)

To make sure the conditions in the body remain stable

8.

Match the following

a)

Control Center

1.

The "processor" (Makes decisions)

b)

Receptor

2.

Something capable of detecting changes

c)

Effector

3.

Something capable of causing change

d)

Set Point

4.

A "standard" condition

e)

Stimuli

5.

Any thing that evokes a reaction

9.

An enzyme produced by the pancreas that helps raise blood sugar by breaking down glycogen into glucose.

a)

Cholesterol

b)

Lipase

c)

Insulin

d)

Glucagon

10.

Labor during pregnancy is an example of a ____________ feedback loop

a)

positive

b)

negative

11.

Blood clotting is an example of a ____________ feedback loop

a)

positive

b)

negative

12.

Blood sugar regulation is an example of a ______________ loop

a)

positive

b)

negative

13.

The heater kicks on and the house warms up, so it kicks off. Then the house cools a bit and the heater kicks back on. This continues all day. It's a _____________ loop.

a)

positive

b)

negative

14.

The kinds of chemicals that control feedback loops

a)

hormones

b)

homeostasis

c)

disease

15.
When you get cut, your skin cells release hormones that signal platelets to come and stop the bleeding. Platelets then release more hormones that signal even more platelets to help stop bleeding. The hormone signals continue until the cut is closed.
a)
Positive Feedback Response
b)
Negative Feedback Loop 
16.
Failure to maintain homeostasis could result in:
a)
lack of internal balance
b)
eventual death
c)
difficulty carrying on metabolism 
d)
all three
17.
What type of feedback loop is shown?
a)
negative
b)
neutral 
c)
positive
18.
The "cause" for something to happen is the
a)
response
b)
effect
c)
stimulus
d)
homeostasis
19.
The "effect" of a given stimulus is the...
a)
response
b)
stimulus
c)
cause
d)
result
20.
If the environment gets cold, we will often shiver in order to:
a)
keep body temperature the same as the external temperature
b)
decrease body temperature
c)
increase body temperature
d)
regulate blood pressure
21.
If the environment gets cold, we will often shiver in order to:
a)
keep body temperature the same as the external temperature
b)
decrease body temperature
c)
increase body temperature
d)
regulate blood pressure
22.

What 2 organ systems control homeostasis?

a)

Endocrine system and nervous system

b)

Endocrine system and cardiovascular system

c)

Nervous system and respiratory system

d)

Nervous system and cardiovascular system

23.

Why is it important to maintain a constant body temperature?

a)

to stop the multiplication of bacteria in the body

b)

so that we don't get cold

c)

to maintain the optimum temperature for enzymes

d)

so that we have enough energy to move

24.

What receives and analyzes information received from the sensors?

a)

Response

b)

Effector

c)

Sensor

d)

Control center

25.

What is a noticeable change in an organism's environment?

a)

Control center

b)

Stimulus

c)

Response

d)

Set point

26.

Which is not a stimuli?

a)

Change in temperature

b)

Chemicals in the air

c)

Pressure on skin

d)

Glands releasing hormones

27.

The reaction of the effector is called

a)

Response

b)

Stimulus

c)

Sensor

d)

Set point

28.

What do effectors do?

a)

Detects the changes in the environment

b)

processes information from receptors

c)

Gives the response

d)

Is the change in the environment

29.

What is a stimuli?

a)

Detects a change in the environment

b)

A change in the environment

c)

Process information from the receptor

d)

Gives the response

30.
What is the normal resting potential of a neuron cell membrane?
a)
+40mV
b)
-30mV
c)
+55mV
d)
-70mV
31.
Which ions are involved in an action potential?
a)
Na; Cl
b)
Na; K
c)
K; Cl
d)
Na; Ca
32.
At which point on the diagram does depolarisation of the axon occur? 
a)
A
b)
B
c)
C
d)
D
33.
The sodium potassium pump restores the resting potential. By which process does this work? 
a)
Osmosis
b)
Diffusion
c)
Facilitated diffusion
d)
Active transport
34.
What is the insulating membrane that surrounds parts of the axon that helps to protect & propagate action potential?
a)
Axon
b)
Dendrites
c)
Node of Ranvier
d)
Myelin Sheath
35.
When a neuron is not engaged in an impulse.
a)
Resting potential
b)
Action potential
c)
Neural potential
d)
Synaptic potential
36.
When a neuron is resting, the inside of the axon has a ____________ charge.
a)
positive
b)
negative
37.
A membrane potential becoming less negative is called
a)
hyperpolarization
b)
depolarization
c)
repolarization
d)
polarization
38.
In resting potential, neurons have more _________ on the outside of the cell membrane.
a)
K+
b)
NaCl
c)
Na+
d)
Cl-
39.
In resting potential, neurons have more ____________ on the inside of the cell membrane.
a)
NaCl
b)
Na+
c)
K+
d)
Cl-
40.

What number(s) on the graph represents the THRESHOLD level of stimulus?

a)

1 and 5

b)

2

c)

3

d)

6

41.
Which ions are involved in the electrical nerve impulse?
a)
Iodine and Sodium
b)
Potassium and Sodium
c)
Iron and Sodium
d)
Calcium and Iodine
42.
At what stages do Sodium/Potassium Channels open?
a)
Repolarization/ Repolarization
b)
Depolarization/ Hyperpolarization
c)
Hyperpolarization/ Repolarization
d)
Depolarization/ Repolarization
43.

Which one of the following is involved in maintaining a resting membrane potential?

a)

Na+/K+ ATPase pump moves 3Na+ in for every 2K+ out

b)

Na+/K+ ATPase pump moves 3K+ in for every 2Na+ out

c)

Na+/K+ ATPase pump moves 3Na+ out for every 2K+ in

d)

Na+/K+ ATPase pump moves 3K+ out for every 2Na+ in

44.

Depolarization is occuring at number

a)

1

b)

2

c)

4

d)

5

45.

Action potentials run along the ______ from ______ to ________.

a)

axon, dendrites, axon terminals

b)

axon, axon terminals, dendrites

c)

dendrites, axon, axon terminals

d)

axon terminals, axon, dendrites

46.

At resting membrane potential, neurons have more​ (a)   on the inside of the cell membrane.

Choose from the below words
K+
NaCl
Na+
Cl-
47.

ATP is required to run

a)

Na/K pumps

b)

leak channels

c)

gated channels

d)

myelin sheaths

48.
Why is -55 mV a significant number?
a)
This is the largest charge achieved during an action potential
b)
This is the threshold required to complete an action potential
c)
This is the resting charge of a neuron
d)
This is the charge when all the sodium is inside the cell
49.
When a neuron is depolarized, what are the first channels to open?
a)
Sodium
b)
Potassium
c)
Calcium
d)
ACTH
50.

Reorder the following (starting at the action potential)

a)

Action potential reached (+30mV)

b)

Na+ inactivation gates close, K+ gates open

c)

K+ exits the cell, repolarization

d)

K+ still open, goes below -70 mV, hyperpolarization

e)

Na/K pump restores to resting potential

1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
51.

Reorder the following (starting at beginning)

a)

Resting potential (-70mV), stimulus received

b)

Na+ gates open, threshold reached (-55 mV)

c)

Na+ gates open

d)

Na+ moves into the axon

e)

Action potential reached (+30mV)

1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
52.

When the membrane potential reaches +30mV, ________ channels open, ________ occurs, and ________ channels close.

a)

sodium, depolarization, potassium

b)

potassium, depoloarization, sodium

c)

sodium, repolarization, potassium

d)

postassium, repolarization, sodium

53.
Neurotransmitters are released from the
a)
Dendrites
b)
Post-synaptic neuron
c)
Presynaptic neuron
d)
Axon
54.
In order for a neuron to have an action potential, the neuron must receive more
a)
excitatory neurotransmitters
b)
inhibitory neurotransmitters
c)
agnostic neurotransmitters
d)
antagonistic neurotransmitters
55.
W
a)
Axon Terminal Button
b)
Neurotransmitters
c)
Dendrite
d)
Synapse
56.
Y
a)
Axon Terminal Button
b)
Neurotransmitters
c)
Dendrite
d)
Synapse
57.
A
a)
Dendrite
b)
Axon
c)
Axon Terminal
d)
Cell Body
58.

B

a)

Dendrite

b)

Axon

c)

Axon Terminal

d)

Cell Body

59.
Label the Neuron-What does the letter "A" represent?
a)
Axon
b)
Dendrite
c)
Axon Terminal
d)
Cell Body
60.
Label the Neuron-What does the letter "A" represent?
a)
Axon
b)
Dendrite
c)
Axon Terminal
d)
Cell Body
61.
Label the Neuron-What does the letter "E" represent?
a)
Schwann Cell
b)
Node of Ranvier
c)
Axon Terminal
d)
Myelin Sheath
62.
Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disease in which the body's own immune system destroys the _____________ of the nerve axons. 
a)
Myelin
b)
Dendrites
c)
Axon Terminal
d)
Nodes of Ranvier
63.
The brain's supporting cells are called: 
a)
glial cells
b)
mitochondria
c)
neurons
d)
nuclei
64.
Nerve impulses within the neuron are sent in _____ form
a)
Electrical
b)
Chemical
c)
Electro-chemical
d)
Petrochemical
65.

What contains the nucleus of the neuron?

a)

Terminal Bouton

b)

Cell Body

c)

Myelin Sheath

66.

In the figure above, what is occurring at step #4?

a)

Neuron receives enough stimulation, threshold is reached

b)

Na+ channels open allowing Na+ to diffuse inward, depolarizing the membrane

c)

K+ channels open and Na+ channels open, action potential begins

d)

K+ channels open allowing K+ to diffuse out, repolarizing the membrane

e)

Na+ are being pumped out and K+ are being pumped into the cell

67.

If you picked up a hot coal, the signal from the sensory neurons in your fingertips would travel to ____________ in your spinal cord.

a)

Sensory Neurons

b)

Motor Neurons

c)

Interneurons

68.

If you picked up a hot coal, _____________ innervating the muscles in your fingers would cause your hand to let go.

a)

Sensory Neurons

b)

Motor Neurons

c)

Interneurons

69.

Combinations of ______________ in your brain that would allow you to draw the conclusion that things that looked like hot coals weren't good to pick up, and, hopefully, retain that information for future reference.

a)

Sensory Neurons

b)

Motor Neurons

c)

Interneurons

70.

If you picked up a hot coal, ______________ would signal to the motor neurons controlling your finger muscles (causing you to let go), while others would transmit the signal up the spinal cord to neurons in the brain, where it would be perceived as pain.

a)

Sensory Neurons

b)

Motor Neurons

c)

Interneurons

71.

If you picked up a hot coal, ______________ with endings in your fingertips would convey the information to your CNS that it was really hot.

a)

Sensory Neurons

b)

Motor Neurons

c)

Interneurons

72.

What are the two divisions of the nervous system?

a)

Central nervous system and peripheral nervous system

b)

Peripheral nervous system and autonomic nervous system

c)

Central nervous system and somatic nervous system

d)

Sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system

73.
What is the central nervous system made up of?
a)

brain and spinal cord

b)

cranial and spinal nerves

c)

sensory and motor neurons

d)

sympathetic and parasympathetic systems

74.
The part of the nervous system that consists of nerves that branch out from the CNS (central nervous system) and connect to other body parts
a)

Sympathetic nervous system

b)

Parasympathetic nervous system

c)

Autonomic nervous system

d)

Peripheral nervous system

75.

The part of the peripheral nervous system that controls conscious activities

a)

Autonomic nervous system

b)

Somatic nervous system

c)

Sympathetic nervous system

d)

Parasympathetic nervous system

76.

The PNS (peripheral nervous system)

a)

contains the brain and spinal cord

b)

contains all the nerves of the body

c)

is divided into the somatic and autonomic systems

d)

is divided into the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions

77.

What are the two divisions of the autonomic nervous system?

a)

central and peripheral

b)

parasympathetic and sympathetic

c)

brain and spinal cord

d)

neurons and glial cells

78.

The (a)   part of the autonomic nervous system is active during resting and digesting

Choose from the below words
parasympathetic
sympathetic
somatic
peripheral
79.

The​ (a)   part of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for the fight or flight response

Choose from the below words
sympathetic
parasympathetic
somatic
peripheral
80.

What are the two types of cells found in the nervous system?

a)

Neurons and glial cells

b)

Sensory neurons and motor neurons

c)

Nerve cells and brain cells

d)

Afferent neurons and efferent neurons

81.

Which of the following are true?

a)

glial cells protect and support neurons

b)

neurons protect and support glial cells

c)

neurons transmit electochemical messages

d)

glial cells make myelin in the PNS

82.
_____ neurons carry messages to the central nervous system
a)

Motor/efferent

b)

Motor/afferent

c)

Sensory/afferent

d)

Sensory/efferent

83.

What do motor/efferent neurons do?

a)

carry messages from the brain and spinal cord to muscles and glands

b)

carry impulses from the skin and sends to the spinal cord and brain

c)

carry impulses from sensory neurons to motor neurons

d)

store messages

84.

Type of neuron located only in the brain and spinal cord that pass impulses from one neuron to another.

a)

Motor Neuron

b)

Interneuron

c)

Sensory Neuron

85.

Which structure is D on the diagram?

a)

Axon terminal

b)

Axon

c)

Dendrites

d)

Soma

e)

Myelin

1
1)
86.

Which structure is A on the diagram?

a)

Axon terminal

b)

Axon

c)

Dendrites

d)

Soma

e)

Myelin

1
1)
87.

Which of these is the correct pathway for the reflex arc?

a)

Stimulus-receptor-effector-coordinator-response

b)

Stimulus-effector-coordinator-receptor-response

c)

Stimulus-receptor-coordinator-effector-response

d)

Stimulus-receptor-coordinator-response-effector

88.

Why are reflexes important?

a)

They are rapid

b)

They don't involve the conscious part of the brain

c)

They are voluntary

d)

They are involuntary

e)

They cause harm

89.

Look at the reflex arc shown in the diagram. Which neurone is marked by the letter X?

a)

Sensory neurone

b)

Motor neurone

c)

Relay neurone

90.

Look at the reflex arc shown in the diagram. Which neurone is marked by the letter Y?

a)

Sensory neurone

b)

Motor neurone

c)

Relay neurone

91.

what might be a job of a motor neuron?

a)

connecting to a muscle and helping you move

b)

connecting within the brain to help you make a decision

c)

sending a message toward your brain from a pain receptor in your skin

d)

all of these

92.
An axon conducts nerve impulses _________ the cell body.
a)
away from
b)
toward
c)
both toward and away
d)
around, bypassing
93.

The name of the specialised gap between 2 neurons

a)

Dendrites

b)

Terminal buttons

c)

Synaptic Vesicles

d)

Synapse

94.

The part of the neuron which houses the neurotransmitters

a)

Dendrites

b)

Terminal buttons

c)

Synaptic Vesicles

d)

Synapse

95.

When the action potential travels down the axon it reaches which part of the neuron?

a)

Dendrite

b)

Cell body

c)

Axon terminal

d)

Nucleus

96.

What 3 things happen to the neurotransmitters when they get released into the synaptic gap?

a)

They diffuse across the synaptic gap

b)

They attach to receptor sites on the post synaptic dendrite via lock and key mechanism

c)

Any left over neurotransmitters gets taken back into pre-synaptic terminal button via re-uptake channels

d)

The axon takes it back in

97.

What is housed in the synaptic vesicles?

a)

Hormones

b)

Neurotransmitters

c)

Proteins

d)

Dendrites

98.

Signals along the neurons are transmitted...

a)

electrically

b)

chemically

99.

Signals between neurons are transmitted

a)

electrically

b)

chemically

100.

When an action potential reaches the axon terminal, it causes...

a)

vesicles to migrate towards and fuse with the cell membrane

b)

neurotransmitter molecules to bind to the receptor sites on the postsynaptic cell

c)

enzymes to breakdown leftover molecules of neurotransmitter in the synaptic cleft

d)

chloride ions to flood into the postsynaptic cell

101.

Vesicles are tiny sacs or pouches in the presynaptic cell that contain

a)

sodium ions

b)

neurotransmitter molecules

c)

Schwann cells

d)

Nodes of Ranvier

102.

Where is insulin produced?

a)

alpha cells in pancreas

b)

beta cells in pancreas

c)

adipose tissue

d)

hypothalamus

e)

pineal gland

103.

Where is glucagon produced?

a)

alpha cells in pancreas

b)

beta cells in pancreas

c)

adipose tissue

d)

hypothalamus

e)

pineal gland

104.

When blood glucose levels increase, ​ (a)   is released from ​ (b)   cells in the ​ (c)   .

Choose from the below words
insulin
beta
pancreas
glucagon
alpha
liver
leptin
adipocyte
adipose tissue
105.

When blood glucose levels decrease, ​ ​​ (a)   is released from ​​ (b)   cells in the ​ (c)   .

Choose from the below words
insulin
beta
pancreas
glucagon
alpha
liver
leptin
adipocyte
adipose tissue
106.

A hormone is a ​ (a)   , secreted by a(n) ​ (b)   , which is transported by the ​ (c)   and has an effect on the ​ (d)   before being destroyed by the ​ (e)   .

Choose from the below words
chemical messenger
gland
blood
target organ
MTR
pancreas
liver
brain
neurons
kidneys
107.

Endocrine glands secrete _

a)

Hormones

b)

Neurotransmitters

c)

A wide range of chemical substances

108.

What is the main function of the endocrine system?

a)

It creates chemicals, or hormones, that are sent around the body to maintain homeostasis.

b)

It creates electrical messages that are sent around the body to maintain homeostasis.

c)

It maintains the correct level of oxygen in the body to maintain homeostasis.

d)

It releases waste from the body to maintain homeostasis.

109.
What are some major organs of the Endocrine system?
a)
Heart and blood vessels
b)
Mouth, Lungs, Bronchi, and Trachea
c)
Esophagus, Stomach, Small and large instestine
d)
Pineal gland, Thyroid gland, Adrenal gland, and pancreas
110.

What part of the body co-ordinates the response to heating up or cooling down?

a)

Medulla Oblongata

b)

Hypothalamus

c)

Cerebrum

d)

Brain stem

111.

Which of the following occurs when the body is too hot?

a)

Shivering

b)

Sweating

c)

Vasodilation

d)

Vasoconstriction

112.

What is the effector that is responsible for someone to start sweating?

a)

Smooth muscle

b)

Sweat glands

c)

Skeletal muscle

d)

Liver cells

113.

What is an endotherm?

a)

An organism that is unable to maintain a constant temperature using physiological responses alone.

b)

An organism that can maintain a constant internal temperature using physiological responses.

114.

Homeostatic cooling mechanisms include

a)

piloerection and panting

b)

panting and vasoconstriction

c)

sweating and piloerection

d)

sweating and vasodilation

115.
Slows down and hibernates when its cold.
a)
endotherm
b)
ectotherm
116.

What happens to the rate of an enzyme reaction when heated up?

a)

Increases

b)

Decreases

c)

Increase and then decreases

d)

decreases and then increases

117.

Why is the bodies core temperature 37oC?

a)

Optimum temperature for enzymes

b)

No specific reason

c)

To limit the enzymes rate of reaction

d)

Its not 37oC

118.

In which of the following, do blood vessels near the surface of the body loosen up to release heat?

a)

Vasoconstriction

b)

Vasodilation

119.

What happens in your body temperature drops below 35 oC?

a)

Hyperthermia

b)

Hypothermia

c)

Hypertonic

d)

Hypotonic

120.

What happens if your core body rises above 40oC?

a)

Hyperthermia

b)

Hypothermia

c)

Hypertonic

d)

Hypotonic

121.

Upregulation can best be described as:

a)

the cell is stimulated to produce more of a specific component over time.

b)

the cell is stimulated to produce less of a specific component over time

c)

the process that cells use to make protein.

d)

positive feedback.

122.

What is a difference between Nervous & Endocrine System regulation?

a)

rely on release of chemicals that bind receptors on target cells

b)

length of time of action

c)

negative feedback mechanisms

d)

homeostasis

123.

Reduced fluid loss in urine due to the retention of Na+ and water is a result of the action of

a)

Antidiuretic hormone

b)

Calcitonin

c)

Aldosterone

d)

Cortisone

124.

The adrenal medulla produces the hormones

a)

Cortisol and cortisone

b)

Epinephrine and norepinephrine

c)

Corticosterone and testosterone

d)

Androgens and progesterone

125.

Most plants are:

a)

Halophytes

b)

Hydrophytes

c)

Mesophytes

d)

Xerophytes

126.

Osmoregulation in plants is:

a)

The same for all plants because plants are not complex organisms

b)

The same for all plants because plants face simple conditions

c)

Different for different plant categories because plants face varying conditions

d)

Different for different plant categories because plants face simple conditions

127.

Mesophytes face the following conditions:

a)

Moderate to warm, humid environments

b)

Aquatic or semi-aquatic environments

c)

Destert and semi-arid environments

d)

Saline environments

128.

Because mesophytes face moderate conditions, they have:

a)

A cuticle on the upper surface of the leaf only

b)

Stomata that are open during the day

c)

Low surface area to volume ratio

d)

Vacuoles that store salt

129.

Xerophytes face desert conditions and thus have the following adaptations

a)

Waxy cuticles designed to repel water

b)

Pneumatophores or 'breathing roots' that protrude form the surface of the ground

c)

Stomata that are present in high numbers

d)

An outer surface covered in fine hairs

130.

Plants that live in saline environments are called:

a)

Halophytes

b)

Hydrophytes

c)

Xerophytes

d)

All of the above

131.

Abscisic Acid (ABA) is a plant hormone that assists in osmoregulation by:

a)

Regulating stomatal closure

b)

Causing plants to secrete a waxy layer

c)

Regulating vacuole storage

d)

All of the above

132.

When water levels in a plant are low, ABA levels increase. This results in:

a)

The guard cells filling in water, causing the stomata to open

b)

The guard cells emptying of water, causing the stomata to open

c)

The guard cells filling in water, causing the stomata to close

d)

The guard cells emptying of water, causing the stomata to close

133.

Which of the following are examples of negative feedback loops. ​ ​ ​ ​ (a)   ​ (b)   ​ (c)  

Choose from the below words
Osmoregulation
Childbirth
Thermoregulation
Blood Clotting
Glucose Regulation
Immune Response
134.

Which of the following are examples of positive feedback loops. ​ (a)   ​ (b)   ​ (c)  

Choose from the below words
Blood Clotting
Thermoregulation
Childbirth
Osmoregulation
Immune Response
Glucose Regulation
135.
What describes a lack of water in the blood?
a)
Dehydration
b)
Rehydration
c)
Hydration
d)
Concentrated
136.

what is osmoregulation?

a)

Control of water and salt in the body

b)

Control of blood pressure in the body

c)

Control of blood glucose in the body

137.

During osmosis

a)

water moves from high to low concentration

b)

large or oddly shaped molecules move across a cell membrane

c)

water moves when energy is used

d)

proteins are built

138.

Which area of the brain contains the receptors responsible for detecting changes in water potential

a)

Hypothalamus

b)

Medulla Oblongata

c)

Amygdala

d)

Hippocampus

139.
What type of solution is this cell in?
a)
Isotonic
b)
Hypertonic
c)
Hypotonic
d)
diffused
140.
What type of solution is this cell in?
a)
Isotonic
b)
Hypertonic
c)
Hypotonic
d)
diffused
141.
The cell below is in a _________ solution.
a)
Hypotonic
b)
Hypertonic
c)
Isotonic
142.

Which hormone promotes retention of water by kidneys?

a)

epinephrine/norepinephrine

b)

antidiuretic hormone

c)

glucagon

d)

prolactin

143.

Which hormone affects the permeability of the collecting duct?

(a)  

144.

Which regions of the nephron are affected by ADH?

a)

proximal convoluted tubule

b)

distal convoluted tubule

c)

collecting duct

d)

loop of Henle

145.

What is the name of the protein channel that allows water into cells

(a)  

146.

Since alcohol consumption blocks the production of antidiuretic hormone, what is most likely to happen?

a)

The pain caused by internal and external factor will decrease in intensity

b)

You will feel the urge to sleep.

c)

There will be an increase in urine production.

d)

There will be a decrease in urine production.

147.

The picture below is an example of _________________.

a)

osmosis

b)

isotonic

c)

diffusion

d)

active transport

148.
What is the definition of  Selective Permeability?
a)
The movement of materials across the cell membrane that requires NO ENERGY from the cell.
b)
The movement of materials through (or across) the cell membrane
c)
The ability of the cell membrane to allow some things to pass through while preventing other things from passing through.
d)
The movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to a area of low concentration 
149.

_______ regulates what enters and leaves a cell.

a)

Cell Membrane

b)

Nucleus

c)

Mitochondria

d)

Cytoplasm

150.
The cells seem to be shriveled and dehydrated what type of solution are they most likely in?
a)
Hypertonic
b)
Isotonic
c)
Hypotonic
151.
The cells seem to be swelling and about to burst what type of solution are they most likely in?
a)
Hypertonic
b)
Isotonic
c)
Hypotonic
152.

Considering the four choices below, which two represent active transport?


  • From high to low concentration
  • From low to high concentration
  • Using cellular energy
  • Without using cellular energy
a)

High to low; using cell energy

b)

High to low; without using cell energy

c)

Low to high; using cell energy

d)

Low to high: without using cell energy

153.

What is the movement of a substance across a plasma membrane without the need of energy called?

a)

passive transport

b)

active transport

c)

exocytosis

d)

isotonic

154.

What is the movement of water through a semipermeable membrane called?

a)

exocytosis

b)

osmosis

c)

active transport

d)

facilitated diffusion

155.

Which type of cell transport occurs when a cell's membrane folds inward to bring materials into the cell?

a)

endocytosis

b)

pinocytosis

c)

exocytosis

d)

phagocytosis

156.

What molecule is used as energy for active transport?

a)

ATP

b)

ADP

c)

lipid

d)

glucose

157.

To minimize water loss, some organisms have an outer surface that:

a)

Moist

b)

Waterproof

c)

Thin

d)

All of the above

158.

Abscisic Acid (ABA) is a plant hormone that assists in osmoregulation by:

a)

Regulating stomatal closure

b)

Causing plants to secrete a waxy layer

c)

Regulating vacuole storage

d)

All of the above

159.

True or False: Plants have hormones that assist in osmoregulation

a)

True

b)

False

160.

To reduce water loss in some organisms where water is unavailable, like in the desert, the loop of henle will be:

a)

Tall

b)

Short

c)

Long

d)

Wide

161.
Which organelle in the plant cell performs photosynthesis?
a)
Chloroplast
b)
Mitochondria
c)
Nucleus
d)
Cytoplasm
162.

______________ control the opening and closing of stoma

a)

Palisade mesophyll cells

b)

Guard cells

c)

Epidermal cells

d)

Xylem

163.

______________, pores on leaves through which plants lose water and exchange carbon dioxide and oxygen.

a)

stomata

b)

seed

c)

stem

164.

When water levels in a plant are low, ABA levels increase. This results in:

a)

The guard cells filling in water, causing the stomata to open

b)

The guard cells emptying of water, causing the stomata to open

c)

The guard cells filling in water, causing the stomata to close

d)

The guard cells emptying of water, causing the stomata to close

165.

Which of the following would cause the water potential of your blood to decrease?

a)

Drinking lots of water

b)

Eating salty food

c)

Cold weather

d)

Eating watermelon

166.

Which of the following is NOT filtered out of the blood in the kidneys?

a)

Blood cells

b)

Amino acids

c)

Urea

d)

Glucose

167.

State the term for the removal of potentially toxic waste products of metabolic pathways

(a)  

168.

In what form do mammals excrete nitrogenous waste?

a)

Ammonia

b)

Uric acid

c)

Amino acids

d)

Urea

169.

In what form do freshwater fish excrete nitrogenous waste (because it can be diluted by a large volume of water)?

a)

Uric acid

b)

Ammonia

c)

Nucleotides

d)

Amino acids

170.

Identify the term for animals that have an internal solute concentration that is the same as the external solute concentration

a)

Osmoregulators

b)

Homeothermic

c)

Osmoconformers

d)

poikilotherm

171.

State the term used when two solutions are equal in solute concentration

(a)  

172.

Identify the least toxic of these nitrogen containing compounds

a)

Uric acid

b)

Urea

c)

Ammonia

d)

Cyanide

173.

What's in the picture?

a)

synaptic vesicles

b)

neurotransmitters

c)

presynaptic neuron

d)

postsynaptic neuron

e)

synaptic cleft

174.

What's in the picture?

a)

synaptic vesicles

b)

neurotransmitters

c)

presynaptic neuron

d)

postsynaptic neuron

e)

synaptic cleft

175.

What's in the picture?

a)

synaptic vesicles

b)

neurotransmitters

c)

presynaptic neuron

d)

postsynaptic neuron

e)

synaptic cleft

176.

What is the role of calcium ions during synaptic transmission?

a)

Generate action potentials

b)

Speed up the impulse transmission

c)

Depolarisation of the synaptic knob

d)

Trigger vesicles containing neurotransmitters to fuse with the presynaptic membrane

177.

Neurotransmitters are released from the presynaptic membrane into the synaptic cleft by the process of:

a)

Osmosis

b)

Diffusion

c)

Active transport

d)

Exocytosis

178.

In order for a neuron to generate an action potential, the neuron must receive more

a)

excitatory neurotransmitters

b)

inhibitory neurotransmitters

c)

agnostic neurotransmitters

d)

antagonistic neurotransmitters

179.

What is the function of the thymus?

a)

Help the immune system by training and developing cells

b)

Danger the inmune system

c)

Links nervous system to endocrine system

d)

Regulates blood sugar

180.

A hormone is _____________________.

a)

a chemical substance produced by a gland and carried by the lymph.

b)

an enzyme produced by a gland and carried by the blood.

c)

a chemical substance produced by an organ and carried by the blood.

d)

a chemical substance produced by a gland and carried by the blood.

181.
Negative Feedback Loops:
a)
amplify processes
b)
prevent small changes from getting larger
c)
are initiated during childbirth
d)
are found only in plants
182.

What is the main function of the endocrine system?

a)

It creates chemicals, or hormones, that are sent around the body to maintain homeostasis.

b)

It creates electrical messages that are sent around the body to maintain homeostasis.

c)

It maintains the correct level of oxygen in the body to maintain homeostasis.

d)

It releases waste from the body to maintain homeostasis.

183.

Positive Feedback loops are...

a)

Counteract changes that move above or below set values.

b)

more common

c)

regulate body temp

d)

Purposeful pushes above normal set values.

184.

Signal transduction is best defined as

a)

carrying a signal from outside a cell to the inside of that cell

b)

a detectable change in a cell's environment

c)

transmission of an electrical signal across a synapse

d)

gene expression in response to active transcription factors in the nucleus

185.

Which of these hormones would bind to a subsurface receptor? Select all that apply.

a)

peptide hormone

b)

steroid hormone

c)

amino acid derivative

d)

protein hormone

186.
a)

a

b)

b

c)

c

d)

d

187.

which excretory organ eliminates water and some chemical wastes in perspiration?

a)

Lungs

b)

Liver

c)

Kidneys

d)

Skin

188.

Excretion is the removal of (a)   waste from the body.

189.

Which of the following is not a waste product of excretion

a)

Carbon Dioxide

b)

Oxygen

c)

Sweating

d)

Urea

190.

Which of the following is not an organ involved in the excretory process

a)

The Skin

b)

The Kidney

c)

The Pancreas

d)

The Lungs

191.

How does sweat cool you?

a)

evaporation

b)

condensation

c)

invagination

d)

oder

192.

this stomata will cause...

a)

reduce of water

b)

increase of water

c)

plant wilting

d)

plant watered

193.

Adaptations in plant to reduce transpiration are -

a)

No of stomata

b)

Thickness of cuticle

c)

Loss of leaves

d)

All of the above

194.

The body fluids of an osmoconformer would be ________ with its ________ environment

a)

hyperosmotic; freshwater

b)

hyperosmotic; seawater

c)

isoosmotic; seawater

d)

hypoosmotic; seawater

195.

To maintain homeostasis, freshwater fish must ________.

a)

excrete large quantities of electrolytes

b)

consume large quantities of water

c)

excrete large quantities of water

d)

take in electrolytes through simple diffusion

196.

Which hormone affects the permeability of the collecting duct?

(a)  

197.

If any substance can pass through a membrane it is said to be

(a)  

198.

If a substance cannot pass through a membrane the membrane is said to be

(a)  

199.

If a membrane will allow some but not all substances to pass through it then the membrane is said to be

(a)  

200.

This organelle stores water, and is very big in plant cells

a)

nuclolus

b)

ribosomes

c)

golgi bodies

d)

vacuoles

201.

Explain how stomatal size may vary from plants in differing environments

4 lines
202.
Which of these is an adaptation of hydrophytes (a plant which grows only in or on water)?
a)
Stomata on underside of leaves
b)
Stomata on upper side of leaves
c)
Stomata in rolled leaves
d)
Stomata shielded by hairs
203.

A plant adaptation commonly found in dry, hot climates is

a)

a thin waxy cuticle

b)

small numerous stomata

c)

plants with stomata that open during the night

d)

ability to lose leaves during the wettest part of the year

204.

In the animal kingdom, animals perform a process called kleptothermy. What is it?

It is when animals will share or steal body heat from another animal. How animals share or borrow body heat can be seen in a few ways. For example, an animal that steals body heat is the sea krai

a)

Sweating on others to cool them down

b)

When they share body heat by huddling together

c)

By avoiding the sharing of body heat by maintaining distance

d)

Sleeping in packs

205.

Thick fleshy stems with thick waxy covering would most likely be useful adaptations for which of the following types of plants?

a)

desert plants that need to conserve water

b)

prairie plants that need to survive fires

c)

tundra plants that need to conserve heat

d)

rainforest plants that need to repel insects

206.

The main function of stomata is to

a)

capture sunlight

b)

protect leaves from insects

c)

allow gases to move rapidly in/out of leaves

d)

release sugars into the atmosphere

207.

Why might plants in a rainforest have stomata on the underside of their leaves? Give one reason.

4 lines
208.

Which of the following best describes the function of nociceptors in the human body?

a)

They detect painful stimuli and send signals to the brain.

b)

They sense mechanical pressure and help maintain balance.

c)

They detect changes in temperature and help regulate body heat

d)

They are responsible for detecting light and aiding in vision

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