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8-28-2025 Enlightenment Philosophers Reflection

Total questions: 22

Worksheet time: 11mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Which philosopher is considered the most important influence on American beliefs about government?

a)

Thomas Hobbes

b)

John Locke

c)

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

d)

Voltaire

2.

An agreement b/w people and gov’t in which citizens consent to be governed so long as the gov’t protects their natural rights.

a)

social contract

b)

elite democracy

c)

republicanism

d)

popular sovereignty

3.

What impact did the writings of Baron Montesquieu have on the Founding Fathers of the American political system?

a)

They kept a monarchical system of government.

b)

They created a representative system of government.

c)

They guaranteed each citizen the right to a trial by jury.

d)

They separated the powers of government into three branches.

4.

John Locke, Voltaire, and Montesquieu were all European philosophers who greatly impacted the way our American government was set up. They were all part of the time of intellectual advancement that occurred during the 17th and 18th centuries called The ___.

a)

Middle Ages

b)

Enlightenment

5.

Which philosopher believed that humans are naturally selfish and that an absolute monarchy is the best form of government?

a)

John Locke

b)

Thomas Hobbes

c)

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

d)

Karl Marx

6.

Which philosopher believed in the separation of powers and the importance of checks and balances in government?

a)

Rousseau

b)

Locke

c)

Hobbes

d)

Montesquieu

7.

What was a common belief among the Enlightenment thinkers like Locke and Montesquieu regarding government?

a)

That a strong, centralized authority was necessary.

b)

That government should reflect the will of the people.

c)

That monarchies were the best form of government.

d)

That governments were unnecessary and should be abolished.

8.

Which Enlightenment thinker's ideas were used to justify the right of revolution in the Declaration of Independence?

a)

Montesquieu

b)

John Locke

c)

Rousseau

d)

Voltaire

9.

In what way did Montesquieu's idea of separation of powers influence American democracy?

a)

It led to the creation of a one-party system.

b)

It inspired the establishment of a direct democracy.

c)

It contributed to the formation of the legislative, executive, and judicial branches of government.

d)

It encouraged the abolition of the legislative branch.

10.

Which Enlightenment thinker argued that liberty is a natural right of all people?

a)

Montesquieu

b)

John Locke

c)

Rousseau

d)

Hobbes

11.

How did John Locke's ideas influence the American Founding Fathers?

a)

By promoting the idea of a strong central government

b)

Through his concept of natural rights, which influenced the Declaration of Independence

c)

By advocating for the abolition of slavery

d)

By suggesting the direct election of the President

12.

Which document is most influenced by John Locke's theory of natural rights?

a)

The Magna Carta

b)

The Articles of Confederation

c)

The U.S. Constitution

d)

The Declaration of Independence

13.

What is a key principle of the social contract theory as it relates to the authority of the state?

a)

The state has unlimited power over its citizens.

b)

The authority of the state is derived from the consent of the governed.

c)

The state should control all economic resources.

d)

Citizens have no right to overthrow their government.

14.

Which Philosopher developed 'Freedom of Speech'

a)

Thomas Hobbes

b)

Jean Jacques Rousseau

c)

Montesquieu

d)

John Locke

e)

Voltaire

15.

Which Philosopher developed 'Religious Toleration'

a)

Mary Wollstonecraft

b)

Jean Jacques Rousseau

c)

Montesquieu

d)

John Locke

e)

Voltaire

16.

Which Philosopher believed that all people are entitled to 'Life, Liberty, and Property'

a)

Mary Wollstonecraft

b)

Jean Jacques Rousseau

c)

Montesquieu

d)

John Locke

e)

Voltaire

17.

Which Philosopher was an advocate for 'Separation of Church and State'

a)

Mary Wollstonecraft

b)

Jean Jacques Rousseau

c)

Montesquieu

d)

John Locke

e)

Voltaire

18.

Which Philosopher believed that people were "nasty and brutish"

a)

Thomas Hobbes

b)

Jean Jacques Rousseau

c)

Montesquieu

d)

John Locke

e)

Voltaire

19.

Which Philosopher believed that there must be a strong king to keep order.

a)

Thomas Hobbes

b)

Jean Jacques Rousseau

c)

Montesquieu

d)

John Locke

e)

Voltaire

20.

Which Enlightenment philosopher argued that people have the right to overthrow a government that violates their natural rights?

a)

John Locke

b)

Thomas Hobbes

c)

Voltaire

d)

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

21.

The Enlightenment emphasized the use of:

a)

Reason and logic

b)

Divine right of kings

c)

Superstition and dogma

d)

Absolute obedience to monarchs

22.
Government:
a)
a. Provides order
b)
b. Prevents chaos
c)
c. Is an institution through which a society establishes and enforces public policy
d)
d. All of the above