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Econ Fundamentals

Total questions: 76

Worksheet time: 38mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Economics is the study of ______________

a)

Money

b)

How to get rich

c)

Consequences and Punishments

d)

Choices

2.

Scarcity is best defined as:

a)

Having an abundance of resources compared to unlimited wants. 

b)

The availability of resources without any restrictions. 

c)

The fundamental economic problem of limited resources and unlimited wants. 

d)

A situation where resources are distributed equally among all individuals.

3.

Explain how natural disasters can affect scarcity.

a)

Natural disasters can destroy or damage resources, leading to scarcity.

b)

Natural disasters only affect resources in urban areas, not scarcity.

c)

Natural disasters have no impact on scarcity.

d)

Natural disasters can create more resources, reducing scarcity.

4.

The economic resources needed to produce goods and services are

a)

Factors of Production

b)

Goods & Services

c)

Labor

d)

Land

5.

The human time and effort that go into the making of products

a)

Labor

b)

Land

c)

Human Capital

d)

Production

6.

Resources made and used by people to produce and distribute goods and services

a)

Physical Capital

b)

Labor

c)

Human Capital

d)
entrepreneurship
7.

Opportunity cost refers to:

a)

The cost of goods and services in an economy. 

b)

The value of the next best alternative given up when a choice is made. 

c)

The total amount of money available to an individual or a government. 

d)

The price of a resource in the market.

8.

How is scarcity related to the concept of opportunity cost?

a)

Scarcity has no impact on opportunity cost

b)

Scarcity and opportunity cost are unrelated concepts

c)

Opportunity cost is not influenced by scarcity

d)

Scarcity forces individuals, businesses, and governments to make choices, and the concept of opportunity cost helps to evaluate those choices.

9.

George earns a $250 bonus at his job for increasing his output by an additional 50% two weeks in a row. He makes a list of what he wants to buy with his bonus: 1: the latest model of Adidas athletic shoes; 2: Air Pods; 3: a new coat. He buys Adidas. What is his opportunity cost?

a)

the Air Pods

b)

the shoes

c)

the coat

d)

the cash

10.
The local government for a community must decide what to do with the sales tax collected.  They could build a new skate park or they could buy more computers for the public library.  The officials decide to build a skate park.  What is the opportunity cost of their decision?
a)
new skate park
b)
more computers 
c)

the public library

d)

sales taxes

11.

A farmer can use his land to grow either corn or wheat. If he chooses to grow corn, what is the opportunity cost?

a)

The corn he grows

b)

The wheat he could have grown

c)

The cost of seeds

d)

The labor required to grow corn

12.
What are the 3 economic questions?
a)
What to produce? How To Produce? For whom to produce?
b)
Who to produce? Why you produce? Like to produce?
c)
Why to produce? Tell who to produce? Things to produce?
d)
What to produce? How to produce? When to produce?
13.

When Fresh Express Salads company decides to pick all of its lettuce mechanically, it directly answers the ___ question. 

a)

What to produce?

b)

How to produce?

c)

For whom to produce?

d)

Where to produce?

14.
When Ford decides to produce more hybrid cars that run on both gas and electricity, it directly answers the _____ question. 
a)

What to produce?

b)

How to produce?

c)

For whom to produce?

d)

Why to produce?

15.

Goal that involves government allowing individuals and firms to choose how they generate & allocate their own financial resources

a)

Economic Freedom

b)

Economic Growth

c)

Economic Efficiency

d)

Economic Stability

16.

Knowledge or skills of how to do something obtained through life experience, training, education, and/or other methods of learning

a)

Physical Capital

b)

Human Capital

c)

Human Resources

d)

Productive Resources

17.

Added benefits or costs associated with an economic decision.

a)

Marginal Utility

b)

Externality

c)

Incentive

d)

Productive Utility

18.

Economic system in which the 3 economic questions are answered by consumers and producers

a)

Market Economy

b)

Command Economy

c)

Traditional Economy

d)

Socialist Economy

19.

Economic system where the 3 economic questions are answered by the government

a)

Command Economy

b)

Market Economy

c)

Traditional Economy

d)

Market Failure

20.

An economy in which private enterprise exists in combination with government regulation and promotion.

a)

Mixed Economy

b)

Market Economy

c)

Command Economy

d)

Traditional Economy

21.
An______ is a person that taskes a risk to start a buisness
a)
Budget
b)
Entrepeuner
22.

Which economy is family/agricultural based?

a)

traditional

b)

market

c)

mixed

d)

command

23.
A friend offers you a Coke, a Dr. Pepper, or a 7-Up. You don't like Coke, so after some thought, you take the Dr. Pepper. What is the opportunity cost of your choice?
a)
The Coke
b)
The 7-Up
c)
The Dr. Pepper
d)
Nothing, because the drink was free.
24.

Canada has a universal healthcare system, providing government-funded medical services to all citizens. However, the vibrant private sector helps to push an economy that is one of the world's most successful. Intense and frequent trade with the United States provides the country with great wealth.


These facts provide evidence that Canada has a

a)

mixed economy

b)

market economy

c)

traditional economy

d)

command economy

25.

Which of these is a correct description for one of the ways in which a command economy differs from a market economy?

a)

Market economies discourage free enterprise.

b)

In a market economy, the government sets prices.

c)

Command economies tend to have a higher per capita GDP

d)

In a command economy, individuals have less economic freedom.

26.

Which of the following is NOT one of the three basic questions of economics when looking at economic systems?

a)

What goods should be produced ?

b)

What is the price of the goods?

c)

How should the goods be produced?

d)

For whom are good produced?

27.
Iron, minerals, coal and plants are examples of which productive resource?
a)
land
b)
labor
c)
entrepreneurship
d)
capital
28.

Which is NOT a question all societies have to answer due to scarce resources?

a)

When will products be produced?

b)

How will products be produced?

c)

What products will be produced?

d)

Who will gets access to the resources and the products they produce?

29.

Which is NOT a scarce resource?

a)

Labor

b)

Trees

c)

Time

d)

Candy

30.

Why do entrepreneurs take risks?

a)

to set their own work hours

b)

to earn a profit for themselves

c)

to provide G/S to their customers

d)

to provide salaries and benefits to their employees

31.

Which of the following IS NOT an economic factor of production -

a)

Land

b)

Labor

c)

Capital

d)

Entrepreneurship

e)

Money

32.

which of the following would be CAPITAL

a)

a machine

b)

a box of cereal

c)

water

d)

a new risky idea

33.

Which of the following would be considered a SERVICE. Mark ALL that apply!

a)

Haircut

b)

Uber driver

c)

iPhone

d)

Cereal

34.

A command economy is best defined as

a)

An economic system with a central authority that makes major economic decisions

b)

An economic system in which supply, demand, and the price system help people make economic decisions

c)

An Economic system in which private citizens own and use the factors of production in order to generate profits.

d)

An economic system that has some combination of traditional, command, and market activities.

35.

A market economy is best defined as

a)

An economic system with a central authority that makes major economic decisions

b)

An economic system in which supply, demand, and the price system help people make economic decisions

c)

An Economic system in which private citizens own and use the factors of production in order to generate profits.

d)

An economic system that has some combination of traditional, command, and market activities.

36.
Government passes laws to protect the worker and provide the people with what they want.

a)
Command
b)
Traditional
c)
Market
d)
Mixed
37.

Distributing a scarce resource

a)

Allocation

b)

Allocation Strategies

c)

Productivity

d)

Opportunity Cost

38.

Goal of government to see GDP rise consistently, increasing the production of goods and service

over time.

a)

Economic Growth

b)

Economic Stability

c)

Economic Productivity

d)

Economic Stability

39.

Economic goal of ensuring "fairness" within an economy

a)

Economic Stability

b)

Economic Equity

c)

Economic Security

d)

Economic Productivity

40.

Protecting consumers, producers, and resource owners from risks that exist in society.

a)

Economic Stability

b)

Economic Security

c)

Economic Freedom

d)

Economic Growth

41.

Economic goal intended to protect the purchasing power of the dollar and to keep from having highs and lows that are drastic

a)

Economic Growth

b)

Economic Stability

c)

Economic Security

d)

Economic Growth

42.

Getting the most possible output out of each input

a)

Efficiency

b)

Economic Efficiency

c)

Production

d)

Growth

43.

Added benefits or costs associated with an economic decision.

a)

Marginal Utility

b)

Externality

c)

Incentive

d)

Productive Utility

44.

The cost associated with producing the next unit

a)

Marginal Cost

b)

Opportunity Cost

c)

Expense Cost

d)

Human Cost

45.

What does microeconomics study?

a)

Individual decisions and their implications for specific markets

b)

The global economy

c)

Monetary policy

d)

Inflation

46.

What does macroeconomics study?

a)

The global economy, such as growth and the maintenance of economic growth

b)

Individual decisions

c)

The production of goods

d)

The distribution of income

47.

Things needed to produce something else (money, tools, factory, people)

a)

marginal cost

b)

cost

c)

capital

d)

Law of Supply

48.

What someone pays (money)

a)

opportunity cost

b)

marginal cost

c)

capital

d)

cost

49.

The opportunity cost of spending on the military are all of the following EXCEPT

a)

more schools

b)

improvements in wifi accessibility

c)

longer summer daylight hours

d)

lower cost public university education

50.

Incentives often backfire because they rely on predicting how people will behave. For example, an incentive to pay teachers based on the number of students who get A's would likely result in

a)

teachers giving all students A's

b)

students working harder

c)

teachers working harder

d)

students dropping out of school

51.

A producer asking the question, "Should we use glass or interchangeable plastic on the face of our new phone?" is a

a)

microeconomic question

b)

macroeconomic question

c)

both a micro and macro economic question

d)

none of the above

52.

Lawmakers asking the question "Will cutting taxes end the current recession?" is a

a)

microeconomic question

b)

macroeconomic question

c)

both a micro and macro economic question

d)

none of the above

53.

What is the main focus of the costs versus benefits principle?

a)

The time spent

b)

The resources saved

c)

The benefits outweighing the costs

d)

The costs outweighing the benefits

54.

Which of the following is an example of trade?

a)

You trade 10 cents for a pencil.

b)

You give a pencil for free.

c)

You borrow a pencil.

d)

You find a pencil.

55.

Any situation where making one choice means losing something else

a)

Positive Incentives

b)

Explicit Cost

c)

Negative Incentives

d)

Trade-offs

56.

The process used to measure the benefits of making a decision.

a)

Economics

b)

Cost-Benefit Analysis

c)

Positive Incentives

d)

Scarcity

57.

Punish people with money or a disadvantage for making certain choices and/or behaving a certain way.

a)

Explicit Cost

b)

Positive Incentives

c)

Implicit Cost

d)

Negative Incentives

58.

Reward people with money or some type of advantage for making certain choices and/or behaving a certain way.

a)

Explicit Cost

b)

Positive Incentives

c)

Implicit Cost

d)

Negative Incentives

59.

Which of the following is a reason why a company might choose non-monetary incentives over monetary ones?

a)

Non-monetary incentives are always cheaper

b)

Non-monetary incentives can foster a better company culture

c)

Non-monetary incentives are easier to implement

d)

Non-monetary incentives are more popular among employees

60.

What is a potential long-term effect of over-reliance on monetary incentives?

a)

Employees may become more loyal to the company

b)

Employees may only focus on tasks that are incentivized

c)

Employees may start working fewer hours

d)

Employees may become more collaborative

61.

Which of the following is an example of a monetary incentive that is tied to company performance?

a)

Regular salary

b)

Year-end bonus based on profits

c)

Free parking space

d)

Personal development training

62.

What is a potential consequence of not carefully planning and implementing monetary incentives?

a)

Employees may feel more satisfied with their jobs

b)

It may lead to a decrease in overall company expenses

c)

It can result in perceived unfairness and reduce morale

d)

It can increase the company's reputation in the industry

63.

Which answer best describes a perfect market structure?

a)

a market structure in which a large number of firms all produce the same product

b)

a market dominated by a single seller

c)

one firm that blocks other firms from entering the market

d)

market dominated by a few powerful sellers

64.

Which answer best describes a monopoly?

a)

a market structure in which a large number of firms all produce the same product

b)

financial responsibility to pay for damages when people make mistakes

c)

the person who decides how to combine land, labor, and capital to make new goods and services

d)

a market dominated by a single seller

65.

Which answer best describes an oligopoly?

a)

organization of firms that agree to control production and prices

b)

market dominated by a few powerful sellers

c)

a business strategy that seeks to control more market share

d)

identifying features that distinguish one company or product as different than others

66.

Describes the structure a society uses to produce and distribute goods and services.

a)

market

b)

economic system

c)

factor payments

d)

planned economy

67.

Keisha owns a hair supply store. At the end of the month, all the money she makes, minus her expenses is called what?

a)

revenue

b)

wages

c)

security

d)

profit

68.

A lot of time _________ are monetary or based on money. It is a reward or fear of penalty that will encourage us to behave a certain way.

a)

rewards

b)

punishment

c)

control

d)

incentives

69.

If Amazon is selling a phone charger for $24.99 and Walmart has that exact same charger for $17.99, this is a form of what?

a)

competition

b)

incentive

c)

price competition

d)

invisible hand

70.

In a free market economy, what role does competition play?

a)

It limits consumer choice

b)

It drives innovation

c)

It increases prices

d)

It reduces efficiency

71.

What is marginal benefit (MB)?

a)

The additional benefit received from a choice

b)

The additional cost of a choice

c)

The total cost of a choice

d)

The total satisfaction received from a choice

72.

Which of the following best describes the concept of opportunity cost?

a)

The amount of money spent on a purchase

b)

The value of the next best alternative given up when a choice is made

c)

The resources used to produce goods and services

d)

The total benefits received from a decision

73.

A local city council is deciding whether to build a new park or repair old roads with limited funds. This illustrates:

a)

Unlimited wants, limited resources

b)

Supply and demand

c)

Specialization

d)

Incentives

74.

A farmer must decide whether to plant corn or soybeans this season. This reflects which fundamental question?

a)

How should goods be distributed?

b)

For whom should goods be produced?

c)

What should be produced?

d)

How should goods be produced?

75.

Netflix and Disney+ compete by offering exclusive shows. This reflects:

a)

Monopoly

b)

Oligopoly

c)

Perfect competition

d)

Traditional economy

76.

A small business owner adds new products during the holiday season to attract more customers and increase sales. The main motivator is:

a)

Profit motivator

b)

Not profit motivator