Lead pipe should be used for distribution of soft acid water or for water having high concentration of dissolved oxygen or chlorides.

Wells that are supplying water for public use should be located at a minimum distance of ____________ radius from residential areas

All residents within this zone limit are not required to have sanitary sewage facilities.

There should be no concrete sanitary sewers existing within the _________ radius of the well.

No outdoor privy, cesspools, septic tank or drain fields shall be located within _________ radius from the well.

Mainly found in hot water pipework systems. As the pipe gets hotter and expands, it causes creaking sounds which are often repeated as it cools and contracts. The use of relevant pipe clips, brackets or pads between pipes, fittings and pipework surfaces should help to deal with expansion and contraction.

This is probably the most common cause of complaint from customers. When a valve is closed suddenly, shock waves are transmitted along the pipework making a loud hammering noise. The problem is made worse where cold water supply pipework is not adequately clipped.

Pipework noise becomes significant at velocities over 3 m/s, so the system should be designed to operate below 3 m/s even if it means increasing the diameter of the pipe.

It happens when the water supply is connected to a device that creates pressure, such as a boiler, pressure washer, etc. The pressure created can be greater than the water supply, thereby creating backflow.

It happens when there is a loss of pressure in the water supply. This will cause the water in your facility to flow backwards back into the water supply and/or into other plumbing connections within your facility. This situation can occur when a fire hydrant is opened, when there is a water main break, etc.

A pipe from the street water main or other source of water supply to the building served.

A device used to measure in liters or gallons the amount of water that passes through the water service.

The principal water distribution pipe running from the water meter from which the various branches and risers to the fixtures are taken

A water supply pipe extending vertically to one full story or more to convey water into pipe branches or plumbing fixtures.

a.k.a. ‘Full-way Valve’ used mainly to completely close or completely open the water line (does not control flow of water). Best suited to the main supply and pump lines wherein operation is infrequent.

2 common types of gate valves

Controls the flow of water with a movable spindle, Can reduce water pressure (throttling), Only one side of the valve is an inlet

Main function is to prevent reversal of flow (backflow) in the line