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APES Unit 1 Review

Total questions: 85

Worksheet time: 1hrs 25mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

An ecosystem contains

a)

only one species

b)

multiple species

c)

living and non-living components

d)

all the similar biomes across the world

2.

An observer notes that the various birds in her yard are using different parts of the tree for nesting sites and food. This is an example of _______________

a)

division of labor

b)

resource conservation

c)

resource partitioning

d)

mutualism

3.

Which of the following is NOT an abiotic factor?

a)

sunlight

b)

bacteria

c)

pH

d)

soil

4.

A population is best described as

a)

only one species

b)

multiple species

c)

living and non-living components

d)

all the similar biomes across the world

5.
What do you call ALL the living things in the same environment?
a)
population
b)
community
c)
ecosystem
d)
biome
6.

Resource partitioning

a)

can cause the extinction of a competing species.

b)

can occur through morphological differences between competing species.

c)

is not the result of behavioral changes.

d)

does not occur among competing predators.

7.

The interaction between bees and sunflowers is an example of

a)

predation

b)

parasitism

c)

mutualism

d)

commensalism

8.

There are two major fish species found in a local lake. Both species have the ability to survive in all regions of the lake. Species 1 can be found in the northern and southern parts of the lake while species 2 is only found in the southern part of the lake. Which of the following is incorrect?

a)

species 2 is a stronger competitor than species 1

b)

this is an example of the competitive exclusion principle

c)

the southern part of the lake is species 2's realized niche

d)

the entire lake is species 1 and species 2's fundamental niche

9.
The most important abiotic factors when studying biomes are...
a)
Food and Water
b)
Rain and Sunlight
c)
Temperature and Oxygen
d)
Precipitation and Temperature 
10.
Which biome is characterized by low temperatures and low amounts of rainfall?
a)
Tundra
b)
Desert
c)
Temperate Deciduous Forest
d)
Tropical Rainforest
11.

Which biome covers most of the land mass near Earth's equator?

a)

Desert

b)

Grassland

c)

Tropical rainforest

d)

Temperate forest

12.

Which biome is best represented by this climatograph?

a)

Tundra

b)

Desert

c)

Tropical rainforest

d)

Boreal Forest

13.

The rain forest soil is

a)

poor and rocky

b)

frozen soil

c)

thick and nutrient rich

d)

thin and nutrient poor

14.
Which biome, because of its climate, has the largest number of species of plants and animals?
a)
Tundra
b)
Rainforest
c)
Desert
d)
Coniferous forest
15.

Permafrost is an important factor in which biome?

a)

Boreal Forest

b)

Tundra

c)

Coral Reefs

d)

temperate rain forest

16.

On a climatogram, the bar graph represents _____________.

a)

precipitation

b)

temperature

17.

In which biome is plant growth primarily constrained by precipitation?

a)

boreal forest

b)

temperate seasonal forest

c)

temperate grassland

d)

tropical rainforest

18.

Which biomes has high soil nutrient levels making it a great location for agriculture?

a)

tropical rainforest

b)

boreal forest

c)

grassland

d)

temperate seasonal forest

19.

Which biome is best represented by this climatograph?

a)

Tundra

b)

Desert

c)

Tropical rainforest

d)

Grasslands

20.

Which biome is characterized by shallow, nutrient-rich waters and mangrove forests?

a)

Tropical Rainforests

b)

Tundra

c)

Coral Reefs

d)

Estuary

21.

Which pair of biogeochemical cycles are most associated with inorganic fertilizer and sewage waste?

a)

Carbon and Nitrogen cycles

b)

Carbon and Sulfur cycles

c)

Phosphorus and Nitrogen cycles

d)

Sulfur and Nitrogen cycles

e)

Sulfur and Water cycles

22.
What happens when organisms die and decay? 
a)
Their nitrogen moves to the air as nitrogen gas
b)
Their nitrogen returns to the soil as ammonium
c)

Their nitrogen becomes trapped in clay and is unusable

d)
They stay on earth forever
23.
Carbon dioxide is added to the atmosphere by
a)
Burning fossil fuels 
b)
Cellular respiration
c)
Decomposing organic matter
d)
All answers are correct
24.
The process of plants losing water through their leaves is called ____.
a)
condensation
b)
evaporation
c)
transpiration
d)
exhaling
25.
What is the only process that removes carbon from the atmosphere?
a)
combustion
b)
cellular respiration
c)
photosynthesis
d)
decomposition
26.
Which nutrient is not cycled through the atmosphere?
a)
carbon
b)
nitrogen
c)
phosphorous
d)
water
27.

What is the largest reservoir for nitrogen?

a)

the ocean

b)

rocks and minerals

c)

the atmosphere

d)

bacteria

28.

What is the largest reservoir for water?

a)

the ocean

b)

rocks and minerals

c)

the atmosphere

d)

glaciers

29.

Where is the largest reservoir for the phosphorus cycle?

a)

rocks and minerals

b)

the ocean

c)

the atmopshere

d)

fossil fuels

30.
How do animals get nitrogen?
a)
the atmosphere 
b)
eating other organisms
c)
rainwater
d)
lightning 
31.
What converts nitrogen into a useable form for plants and animals?
a)
bacteria
b)
fungi
c)
rain
32.
Which of the following is NOT a stage of the nitrogen cycle?
a)
organisms breathe in nitrogen gas
b)
organisms release nitrogen compounds via waste or decomposition
c)
bacteria convert unusable nitrogen to usable nitrogen
d)
plants absorb nitrogen compounds from the soil
33.
.What is the effect of deforestation on the carbon cycle? 
a)

 Increase in the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere  

b)

Decrease in the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere 

c)
Increase in the amount of photosynthesis 
d)
Deforestation has no impact on the carbon cycle 
34.
The conversion of nitrate to nitrogen gas is called what?
a)
nitrification
b)
renitrification
c)
denitrification
d)
unnitrification
35.
What is happening at 1?
a)

respiration: releasing CO2

b)

decomposing CO2 in the soil

c)

photosynthesis: absorbing CO2

d)

turning CO2 from the atmosphere into organic molecules

36.
Why is the ocean important to the carbon cycle?
a)
It keeps sediment containing carbon underwater for millions of years
b)
The ocean gives out more carbon then it takes in (increases global warming)
c)
The ocean isn't important to the carbon cycle.
37.

__________ primary productivity = the organic materials that remain after photosynthetic organisms in the ecosystem have used some of these compounds for their cellular energy needs (cellular respiration).

a)

Gross

b)

Total

c)

Net

d)

Secondary

38.

__________ primary productivity is the total amount of energy that producers convert to chemical energy in organic molecules per unit of time.

a)

Net

b)

Total

c)

Gross

d)

Secondary

39.

Ecological efficiency from one trophic level to the next is generally:

a)

1%

b)

10%

c)

75%

d)

90%

40.
Organisms that relies on other organisms for food; consumer
a)
herbivore
b)
decomposer
c)
heterotroph
d)
species
41.
What may happen if the snowshoe hare was removed from the food web pictured?
a)
The insects in the habitat would increase.
b)
The shrew population would decrease due to being only hawk food source.
c)
The willow tree population would decrease.
d)
Foxes would dies due to no food source. 
42.
All the organisms on earth get their energy directly or indirectly from?
a)
Oxygen
b)
Water 
c)
Nitrogen
d)
The Sun
43.

The amount of primary productivity generated by all producers in a given ecosystem is called __________________________________

a)

Gross primary production

b)

Net primary production

c)

Total cell respiration

d)

Trophic levels

44.

A lion eating a zebra is an example of:

a)

predation

b)

mutualism

c)

commensalism

d)

parasitism

45.

A tick living on the body of a deer

a)

predation

b)

mutualism

c)

commensalism

d)

parasitism

46.

These images represent which phenomenon?

a)

logistic growth

b)

competitive exclusion

c)

exponential growth

d)

predator prey relationships

47.

Competition among members of the same species.

a)

intraspecific competition

b)

interspecific competition

48.

This biome has very little precipitation throughout the year, often experiences big differences in temperature from day to night, and has very little plant or animal life.

a)

Tundra

b)

Taiga

c)

Rainforest

d)

Desert

49.

This biome has extremely cold winters and short summers. They get a decent amount of precipitation but it mostly comes as snow. Pine (coniferous) trees dominate this biome.

a)

Taiga

b)

Desert

c)

Grassland

d)

Tundra

50.

Which two biomes have the least precipitation?

a)

tropical rainforest and temperate grassland

b)

savanna and tropical dry forest

c)

tundra and desert

d)

boreal forest and temperate woodland

51.

Where is the chaparral found? Check 2.

a)

West coast in LA, California

b)

Florida Everglades

c)

Mediterranean region

d)

Alaskan coast

52.

About how much precipitation does this biome get in October?

a)

32.5 cm

b)

50 cm

c)

5 cm

d)

10 cm

53.
These are lakes in mountain regions with clear water and few nutrients.
a)
estuarine
b)
oligotrophic
c)
eutrophic
d)
marine
54.
These are lakes in lowland areas with green water from phytoplankton and rich in nutrients.
a)
estuarine
b)
oligotrophic
c)
eutrophic
d)
marine
55.
What is the ocean floor called?
a)
Photic Zone
b)
Aphotic Zone
c)
Benthic Zone
d)
Oceanic zone
56.
This area is a very harsh environment in the ocean due to tides crashing and receding.
a)
Coral Reef
b)
Aphotic Zone
c)
Abyss
d)
Intertidal Zone
57.
The "Rainforests of the ocean". These areas are very rich in biodiversity.
a)
Photic Zone
b)
Abyss
c)
Intertidal Zone
d)
Coral Reef
58.
An ecosystem where water covers the soil or water is near the surface of the soil is called
a)
a desert
b)
an ocean
c)
an estuary
d)
a wetland
59.

What is the single most important difference between the marine, freshwater, and estuary biomes?

a)

Salinity (dissolved salt)

b)

Sunlight

c)

Oxygen

d)

Amount of Water

60.

This area of the ocean only makes up 10% of the total ecosystem size, but has 90% of its biodiversity.

a)

The coastal/tidal zones.

b)

The photic zone in the open ocean.

c)

The aphotic zone in the open ocean.

d)

The benthic zone.

61.

The marine zone that is lit by sun and lies on the open ocean is called

a)

abyssal zone

b)

aphotic zone

c)

photic zone

d)

benthic zone

62.

Which of the following is not an environmental function of wetlands?

a)

increasing runoff

b)

absorbing and removing pollutants from water

c)

trapping carbon that would otherwise be released into the air

d)

controlling floods

63.

Shallow plant life would be found in the _________ zone while phytoplankton would be found in the _________ zone.

a)

limnetic; littoral

b)

littoral; limnetic

c)

limnetic; profundal

d)

littoral; benthic

64.

The _______ cycle is important for ocean life as it leads to the creation of limestone rocks as well as provides the materials needed for organisms to make shells and exoskeletons.

a)

carbon

b)

phosphorus

c)

nitrogen

d)

water

65.

What is the process where plants use nitrates to grow?

a)

Nitrogen Fixation

b)

Ammonification

c)

Assimilation

d)

Nitrification

66.

What is the process where bacteria turns Nitrogen gas from the atmospheres into usable compounds?

a)

nitrification

b)

nitrogen fixation

c)

ammonification

d)

denitrification

67.

The process that convert nitrates (NO3-) back to nitrogen gas (N2) is called

a)

Nitrogen fixation

b)

Ammonification

c)

Denitrification

d)

Nitrification

68.
What is B?
a)
Evaporation
b)
Condensation
c)
Precipitation
d)
Runoff
69.

If gross primary productivity in a wetland is 3 kg C/m^2/year and respiration is 1.5 kg C/m^2/year, what is the net primary productivity of the wetland?

a)

Impossible to determine from the given information

b)

3 kg C/m^2/year

c)

1.5 kg C/m^2/year

d)

2 kg C/m^2/year

e)

4.5 kg C/m^2/year

70.

Which time of the year would have the potential for the lowest productivity?

a)

Winter

b)

Spring

c)

Summer

d)

Fall

71.

Which of the following is the correct equation for gross and net primary productivity

a)

NPP = GPP - R

b)

GPP = NPP - R

c)

GPP = NPP / R

d)

NPP = GPP/ R

72.

Which ecosystem has the HIGHEST NPP?

a)

Swamp/marsh

b)

coral reef

c)

tropical rain forest

d)

Tropical seasonal forest

73.

Which ecosystem has the LOWEST NPP?

a)

Savanna

b)

Desert

c)

Tropical rain forest

d)

Taiga

74.

In an ecosystem, snakes feed on frogs, which feed on mosquitoes. Use of a bug spray has decreased the number of mosquitoes. What will probably happen to the number of frogs and snakes?

a)

Frogs will increase, snakes will increase

b)

Frogs will increase, snakes will decrease

c)

Frogs will decrease, snakes will increase

d)

Frogs will decrease, snakes will decrease

75.

Why are mushrooms important to the food chain?

a)

They recycle nutrients into the ecosystem.

b)

They produce food energy for other living things.

c)

They recycle oxygen into the atmosphere.

d)

They consume excess herbivores in the ecosystem.

76.

Which is the primary consumer in this food chain?

a)

rabbit

b)

grass

c)

snake

d)

hawk

77.

Food chains show energy transfer between organisms. The size of a food chain can vary, yet there is a limit to the number of levels that a food chain can reach. Why is there a limit to the number of levels that a food chain can reach?

a)

Plants are not infinitely in the world

b)

Producers can only eat what is available

c)

Carnivores are too big to be eaten

d)

Energy is lost when you move up a trophic level

78.
The arrows in a food chain or web represents what?
a)
They point to the organism that is being eaten.
b)
It shows how sunlight flows within an ecosystem.
c)
They show what direction the energy is flowing between organisms. 
d)
They represent how water is transferred within a habitat.
79.
An energy pyramid represents what?
a)
How much sunlight is available for the ecosystem to use. 
b)
How much energy a particular organism needs. 
c)
How much energy is needed to build a pyramid. 
d)
The amount of energy available to the next 'feeder' in a food web.
80.

How much energy is available to be passed on to the next level in a food web?

a)

100%

b)

10%

c)

50%

d)

75%

81.

What is it called when bacteria use chemicals, like hydrogen sulfide, to make carbohydrates?

a)

Photosynthesis

b)

Chemosynthesis

c)

Cellular respiration

d)

Decomposition

82.

In an energy pyramid, energy _________ as you move up the pyramid.

a)

increases

b)

decreases

c)

stays the same

d)

changes up and down

83.

The 10% rule states that 10% of energy moves from each trophic level to the next.

In the pyramid, if the producers level contains 1234 kilocalories, how many kilocalories are transferred to the bird (apex predator)?

a)

123.4

b)

1.234

c)

1234

d)

1234

84.
The first law of thermodynamics states that energy is
a)
created
b)
destroyed
c)
conserved
d)
created and destroyed
85.

Which of the following is NOT a part of the 2nd Law of Thermodynamics?

a)

some energy is always lost to the environment

b)

energy quantity always decreases

c)

entropy will increase

d)

energy quality decreases as it changes form

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