Prioritizing economic growth over environmental protection

Balancing economic, social, and environmental needs

Limiting social interactions in urban areas

Reducing the availability of community spaces

Life expectancy

Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita

Adult literacy rate

Population growth rate

By reducing population density to increase land availability

By maintaining a high enough population density to support local businesses and reduce costs

By focusing entirely on industrial growth

By limiting public services and infrastructure development

Encouraging residents to participate in community decision-making

Limiting public spaces for social interaction

Reducing the number of neighbourhood events

Focusing only on economic development

Increasing industrial zones in residential areas

Protecting nature and supporting waste minimization and recycling

Expanding road networks at the expense of green spaces

Limiting the construction of parks and recreational facilities

Regulating air quality

Providing food and water through natural resources

Improving water flow regulation

Maintaining cultural heritage

Providing food for local businesses

Lowering air temperatures and regulating water flows

Supporting cultural events

Increasing urban sprawl

Regulating climate

Providing aesthetic and recreational benefits to people

Increasing industrial output

Reducing biodiversity

Providing essential resources like food and water

Ensuring the functioning of all other ecosystem services, such as soil formation and pollination

Expanding urban areas

Regulating the air quality in industrial zones

To provide recreational spaces for residents

To encourage food production and support biodiversity

To replace public parks with commercial buildings

To reduce the need for environmental protection

By reducing green spaces in urban areas

By implementing eco-friendly technologies and reducing energy consumption

By limiting recycling initiatives

By focusing only on industrial development

Increasing the number of landfills

Encouraging recycling through public awareness campaigns

Reducing access to recycling facilities

Expanding industrial zones into residential areas

By increasing waste production

By educating residents about recycling and minimizing waste

By discouraging public participation in recycling programs

By reducing the availability of recycling facilities

A process that leads to improved air quality

A phenomenon or activity that may cause loss of life, injury, or property damage

A method of promoting biodiversity

A recreational activity in urban areas

Earthquakes and volcanic eruptions

Industrial pollution

Traffic congestion

Urban expansion

Volcanic eruptions

Traffic accidents caused by speeding and drink-driving

Wildlife encounters

Natural disasters

Improved air quality

Property damage and health impacts

Enhanced urban infrastructure

Reduced pollution levels

Faulty electrical appliances and unattended cooking

Excessive vegetation

Reduced housing density

Increased recycling efforts

Improved respiratory health

Increased risk of respiratory infections, heart diseases, and lung cancer

Enhanced physical fitness

Improved mental well-being

A type of nutrient found in soil

Particulate matter less than 2.5 micrometres in diameter, harmful to human health

A type of plant species

A natural air purifier

Responsible driving

Speeding and red-light running

Expanded public transport systems

Reduced car ownership

Improved cardiovascular health

Increased risk of injury or death in accidents

Enhanced public transportation use

Reduced stress levels

Increasing exposure to hazards

Reducing exposure to hazards and improving residents' preparedness

Expanding industrial zones into hazard-prone areas

Limiting community resilience activities

To resist, adapt, and recover from disasters in a timely and efficient manner

To limit public awareness of hazards

To reduce community interactions

To focus solely on rebuilding after a disaster