WorksheetsTYBA Mid-Semester Exam24-25 C:7 - Experimental Psychology Theory
Total questions: 64
Worksheet time: 1hrs 4mins
Name
Class
Date
1.
FULL NAME (Kindly write your full name)
4 lines
2.
PRN No.
4 lines
3.
Exam seat No. (if generated)
4 lines
4.
TYBA (Kindly select GIA or HPP, according to your admission)
a)
GIA (Grant-in-Aid)
b)
HPP (Higher Payment Program)
5.
Psychophysics is a field of study that primarily uses:
a)
A. Experimental methods
b)
B. Case studies
c)
C. Theoretical models
d)
D. Observational techniques
6.
Psychophysics has applications in:
a)
A. Marketing
b)
B. Clinical Psychology
c)
C. Product Design
d)
D. All of the above
7.
The capacity of receptors and reaction systems to respond selectively and differentially to physical stimuli is known as (a) .
8.
________________ coined the term Psychophysics.
a)
A. Gustav Theodor Fechner
b)
B. Ernst Heinrich Weber
c)
C. Wilhem Wundt
d)
D. Sigmund Freud
9.
The formula for Weber’s Law is
a)
A. ΔI/I = k
b)
B. k/I = ΔI
c)
C. I/k = ΔI
d)
D. I/ΔI = k
10.
The basic problem of psychophysics includes -
a)
A. Detection of minimal stimuli differences
b)
B. Judgment of relations among stimuli
c)
C. Detection of minimal stimuli
d)
D. All the above
11.
(a) is the stimulus level at which an observer perceives two stimuli to be equally intense.
12.
Sensory adaptation refers to:
a)
A. The increased sensitivity to a stimulus over time.
b)
B. The decreased sensitivity to a stimulus over time.
c)
C. The constant sensitivity to a stimulus over time
d)
D. The inability to detect a stimulus.
13.
_______________ defined as the stimulus difference which gives rise to judgment of difference (JND) 50% of the time.
a)
A. Point of subjective equality
b)
B. Differential Threshold
c)
C. Sensitivity
d)
D. Detection Threshold
14.
An example of Point of subjective equality for temperature , Two different temperatures are applied to the skin, and the temperature of one is adjusted until they feel ____________ warm or cool.
a)
A. Mostly
b)
B. Lesser
c)
C. Equally
d)
D. All the above
15.
____________ refers to a systematic and consistent deviation from the true value in a participant's responses.
a)
A. Absolute sensitivity
b)
B. Differential threshold
c)
C. Sensitivity
d)
D. Constant error
16.
Spatial constant error is a systematic bias in judgments of
a)
A. Intensity
b)
B. Duration
c)
C. Location
d)
D. Frequency
17.
Attention can influence:
a)
A. The perception of stimuli.
b)
B. The detection of stimuli.
c)
C. The response to stimuli.
d)
D. All of the above
18.
A variable error is _____
a)
A. The smallest detectable difference between two stimuli.
b)
B. Extent to fluctuations in judgments.
c)
C. A mathematical relationship between the physical intensity of a stimulus and the perceived intensity of the difference between two stimuli.
d)
D. The minimum intensity of a stimulus that can be detected 50% of the time.
19.
The method of limits involves:
a)
A. Presenting stimuli in ascending or descending order
b)
B. Requiring participants to adjust stimuli to a specific level
c)
C. Asking participants to rate the intensity of stimuli
d)
D. Presenting stimuli randomly
20.
Which method is most accurate but can be time-consuming.
a)
A. Method of limits
b)
B. Method of constant stimuli
c)
C. Method of adjustment
d)
D. All the above
21.
______________ technique involves presenting a fixed set of stimulus intensities in a random order, ensuring a more accurate and unbiased assessment of detection sensitivity.
a)
A. Minimal Changes
b)
B. Staircase method
c)
C. Right and wrong cases
d)
D. Method of average error
22.
In the method of adjustment, participants (a) a stimulus until it is subjectively equal from a standard.
23.
Stimulus value that is just noticeably larger than the standard is known as
a)
A. Threshold
b)
B. Lower Sensitivity
c)
C. Upper Threshold
d)
D. Upper Sensitivity
24.
Method of minimal changes is also known as
a)
a. Method of Right and wrong cases
b)
b. Method of limits
c)
c. method of errors
d)
d.stairwell method
25.
Advantages of method of constant stimuli includes
a)
A. Less time consuming, less trials
b)
B. Precision and control
c)
C. Both a and b
d)
C. None of the above
26.
In the method of limits the ________ stimulus and the ____________ stimulus may be presented in succession in gradual order.
a)
variable, random
b)
standard, comparison
c)
physical, virtual
d)
random, different
27.
Method of Constant stimuli involves
a)
A. Adjusting stimulus intensity until detection threshold is reached.
b)
B. Presenting stimulus randomly to estimate detection threshold
c)
C. Gradually increases/decreases stimulus intensity to measure threshold.
d)
D. A scientific technique used to quantify the relationship between physical stimuli and subjective human perception, aiming to understand how individuals process and respond to sensory information
28.
Which of the following is NOT a psychophysical method?
a)
A. Method of limits
b)
B. Method of constant stimuli
c)
C. Method of adjustment
d)
D. Method of introspection
29.
The absolute threshold refers to:
a)
A. The smallest detectable difference between two stimuli
b)
B. The minimum intensity of a stimulus that can be detected
c)
C. The point at which two stimuli are perceived as equally intense
d)
D. The maximum intensity of a stimulus that can be tolerated
30.
Psychophysical methods are used to study:
a)
A. The relationship between physical stimuli and psychological sensations
b)
B. The relationship between cognitive processes and behavior
c)
C. The relationship between personality traits and emotions
d)
D. The relationship between environmental factors and physical health
31.
Time constant error can be influenced by:
a)
A. Stimulus intensity
b)
B. Stimulus duration
c)
C. Observer characteristics
d)
D. All of the above
32.
Variable error can be reduced by:
a)
A. Increasing the number of trials
b)
B. Improving experimental conditions
c)
C. Training observers
d)
D. All of the above
33.
Which of the following is a limitation of the Method of Constant Stimuli?
a)
A. Time consuming
b)
B. Large number of trials
c)
C. Biased results
d)
D. All the above
34.
A reversal in the staircase method occurs when:
a)
A. The observer's response changes from "yes" to "no" or vice versa
b)
B. The stimulus intensity reaches a maximum or minimum value
c)
C. The observer's response remains consistent
d)
D. The experimenter decides to stop the trial
35.
What is the primary focus of experimental analysis in learning?
a)
o A) Identifying emotions
b)
o B) Isolating basic variables and relationships of learning
c)
o C) Studying non-measurable behaviors
d)
o D) Measuring biological responses only
36.
Who introduced the concept of the nonsense syllable for studying verbal learning?
a)
o A) Sigmund Freud
b)
o B) B.F. Skinner
c)
o C) Hermann Ebbinghaus
d)
o D) John Watson
37.
What do psychologists measure to define learning?
a)
o A) The number of hours spent in practice
b)
o B) Changes in behavior as a result of practice
c)
o C) The complexity of the behavior
d)
o D) Brain activity during learning
38.
In learning experiments, what does retention refer to?
a)
o A) The ease of learning new tasks
b)
o B) The amount of material that can be recalled
c)
o C) The ability to practice more efficiently
d)
o D) The understanding of experimental conditions
39.
What is meant by the "frequency of response evocation"?
a)
o A) The number of times a response fails to occur
b)
o B) The number of stimulus presentations that evoke a response
c)
o C) The interval between stimulus and response
d)
o D) The number of incorrect responses made during practice
40.
Why was the nonsense syllable considered useful in learning experiments?
a)
o A) It helped to remove pre-existing associations with meaning.
b)
o B) It increased the difficulty of the learning material.
c)
o C) It was easier for subjects to memorize.
d)
o D) It reduced errors in motor learning tasks.
41.
In a problem-solving experiment, subjects must learn Chinese characters and associate them with nonsense names. What concept is this experiment testing?
a)
o A) Motor skills acquisition
b)
o B) Problem-solving ability
c)
o C) Retention of prose passages
d)
o D) Frequency of stimulus evocation
42.
Which of the following would be the best way to measure a student’s ease of relearning?
a)
o A) Testing how fast they recall facts after initial learning
b)
o B) Measuring how many errors they make during learning
c)
o C) Counting the number of trials required to relearn material after a delay
d)
o D) Observing their use of motor skills during the task
43.
Why is defining a response important in learning experiments?
a)
o A) It allows for consistent experimental conditions
b)
o B) It ensures responses are always identical
c)
o C) It increases the difficulty of the task
d)
o D) It prevents subjects from making mistakes
44.
What is a key factor when measuring the strength of an association through response evocation?
a)
o A) How often the stimulus is presented
b)
o B) The total time spent in practice
c)
o C) The proportion of times the response occurs after the stimulus
d)
o D) The complexity of the stimulus used
45.
What is habituation?
a)
o A) Increase in response to repeated stimuli
b)
o B) Decrease in response to repeated stimuli
c)
o C) Complete elimination of the response
d)
o D) A change in response only to new stimuli
46.
What is the process of developing a conditioned response through repeated pairings called?
a)
o A) Extinction
b)
o B) Acquisition
c)
o C) Spontaneous recovery
d)
o D) Sensitization
47.
Assertion (A): Habituation leads to a decrease in the strength of an elicited behavior after repeated exposure to a stimulus.
Reason (R): Habituation occurs because repeated exposure to a stimulus decreases sensitivity to it.
a)
• (A) Both A and R are true, and R explains A.
b)
• (B) Both A and R are true, but R does not explain A.
c)
• (C) A is true, but R is false.
d)
• (D) A is false, but R is true.
48.
Assertion (A): Extinction results in the permanent removal of a conditioned response.
Reason (R): Spontaneous recovery indicates that extinction only inhibits the conditioned response temporarily.
a)
• (A) Both A and R are true, and R explains A.
b)
• (B) Both A and R are true, but R does not explain A.
c)
• (C) A is true, but R is false.
d)
• (D) A is false, but R is true.
49.
Assertion (A): In stimulus generalization, the conditioned response is only triggered by the exact conditioned stimulus used during conditioning.
Reason (R): Stimulus generalization involves the tendency for a conditioned response to occur in the presence of stimuli similar to the conditioned stimulus.
a)
• (A) Both A and R are true, and R explains A.
b)
• (B) Both A and R are true, but R does not explain A.
c)
• (C) A is true, but R is false.
d)
• (D) A is false, but R is true.
50.
Which process would you use to help a dog-phobic child reduce their fear through repeated non-threatening exposure to a dog?
a)
o A) Spontaneous recovery
b)
o B) Extinction
c)
o C) Sensitization
d)
o D) Stimulus discrimination
51.
If a child learns to fear all dogs after being bitten by one dog, which principle of classical conditioning is at work?
a)
o A) Stimulus discrimination
b)
o B) Stimulus generalization
c)
o C) Extinction
d)
o D) Sensitization
52.
Which strategy can be used to deliberately train a dog to salivate only to a specific tone (2,000 Hz) and not to others?
a)
o A) Sensitization
b)
o B) Generalization
c)
o C) Extinction
d)
o D) Discrimination training
53.
What could cause a conditioned response to return during an extinction procedure when a novel stimulus is presented?
a)
o A) Sensitization
b)
o B) Disinhibition
c)
o C) Spontaneous recovery
d)
o D) Habituation
54.
What is the key difference between dishabituation and disinhibition?
a)
o A) Dishabituation involves recovery of a habituated response, while disinhibition involves recovery of a partially inhibited response
b)
o B) Dishabituation is part of sensitization, while disinhibition is part of extinction
c)
o C) Disinhibition leads to extinction, while dishabituation leads to generalization
d)
o D) Dishabituation occurs after extinction, while disinhibition occurs after acquisition
55.
Why is spontaneous recovery considered evidence that extinction is not simply unlearning?
a)
o A) Because it shows that the connection between CS and CR still exists on some level
b)
o B) Because the conditioned response is permanently lost after extinction
c)
o C) Because it suggests a new unconditioned stimulus is necessary for relearning
d)
o D) Because spontaneous recovery happens only once after extinction
56.
How might you design an experiment to test stimulus discrimination using tones of varying frequencies?
a)
o A) Present the subject with a range of tones and reward the response to any tone
b)
o B) Use a single tone to condition the subject and then introduce similar tones to test response differences
c)
o C) Remove the stimulus entirely to observe the extinction of the response
d)
o D) Test only one tone repeatedly to see how fast learning occurs
57.
Which combination of phenomena would best explain why a child may fear all large animals after being bitten by a dog, but not small animals?
a)
o A) Sensitization and disinhibition
b)
o B) Stimulus generalization and discrimination
c)
o C) Extinction and spontaneous recovery
d)
o D) Habituation and semantic generalization
58.
Design an experiment that could result in an S-shaped learning curve. What combination of factors would you include?
a)
o A) Tasks that alternate between easy and hard components
b)
o B) Simple tasks with no difficulty changes
c)
o C) A task that starts difficult but becomes easier with practice
d)
o D) Both A and C
59.
Which of the following is a potential danger when using Vincent curves?
a)
o A) Combining data from learners at different stages of learning can distort the results
b)
o B) Positive and negative accelerations are averaged incorrectly
c)
o C) The trials are too lengthy for accurate results
d)
o D) Errors are ignored when calculating averages
60.
How would you use the Vincent curve method in an experiment with multiple learners?
a)
o A) Combine performance data from learners with different starting abilities
b)
o B) Plot each learner’s performance over the same number of trials
c)
o C) Divide each learner’s total learning period into equal divisions and average the performance at the end of each division
d)
o D) Measure the time it takes for each learner to finish the task
61.
Which learning task is most likely to produce a positively accelerated curve?
a)
o A) Learning complex mathematical formulas
b)
o B) Learning a maze where errors decrease over time
c)
o C) A task that becomes easier as practice continues
d)
o D) Memorizing a list of random words
62.
Why are Vincent curves used in learning experiments?
a)
o A) To control fluctuations in individual performance over time
b)
o B) To isolate errors made during each trial
c)
o C) To average the performances of fast and slow learners
d)
o D) To measure individual differences at the beginning of a task
63.
What term is used to describe a learning curve that initially shows positive acceleration followed by negative acceleration?
a)
o A) Negatively accelerated curve
b)
o B) Positively accelerated curve
c)
o C) S-shaped curve
d)
o D) Linear curve
64.
Assertion (A): In classical conditioning, acquisition strengthens a conditioned response through repeated trials.
Reason (R): Acquisition occurs when a neutral stimulus is repeatedly paired with an unconditioned stimulus to form a conditioned response.
a)
• (A) Both A and R are true, and R explains A.
b)
• (B) Both A and R are true, but R does not explain A.
c)
• (C) A is true, but R is false.
d)
• (D) A is false, but R is true.
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