• He was born on August 22, 1862 in a small town called St. Germain-en-Laye in France.

• one of the most influential and leading composers of the 20th century.

• "Father of the Modern School of Composition"

• composed a total of more or less 227 masterpieces,

WORKS OF CLAUDE DEBUSSY:

(a)  

• born in Ciboure, France, to a Basque mother and a Swiss father.

• A perfectionist composer with intricate melodies and extended chords.

MAURICE RAVEL WORKS:

(a)  

• - Originally linked to visual and literary arts; applied to music in 1918.
  - Characterized by dissonance, distorted melodies, and changing textures.

• was born on September 13, 1874 in a working-class suburb of Vienna, Austria.

• Influenced by Richard Wagner

• experienced Triskaidekaphobia (fear of number 13).

• died on July 13, 1951 in Los Angeles, California

ARNOLD SCHOENBERG WORKS:

(a)  

• born in Lomonosov, Russia on June 17, 1882.

• his first notable composition is "The Firebird Suite (1910),"

• wrote approximately 127 works

• IGOR STRAVINSKY WORKS:

• Pioneered by composers using synthesizers and electronic machines

• born on December 22, 1883

• was considered an "innovative French-born composer."

• Known as the "Father of Electronic Music."

• died on November 6, 1965.

Central figure in electronic music, known for atonal content.

• his works total around 31

• KARLHEINZ STOCKHAUSEN WORKS:

• also known as Aleatoric music,

• Music that changes with each performance due to random production techniques.

• known as Chance music

• Known for 4'33", which explored silence as music.

• Four Minutes and 33 Seconds (4'33")

Refers to the oneness or coherence of an artwork, where all elements (line, color, texture) belong together, forming a harmonious whole.

Provides diversity to counterbalance extreme unity, creating visual interest.

(a)  

• Achieved when opposing forces create equilibrium in an artwork.

• Near or exact matching of the left and right sides of a composition.

Unequal but still balanced, where different elements provide visual weight on either side.

(a)  

2 EXAMPLES OF BALANCE

(a)  

• Draws attention to a particular area through techniques like position, contrast, color intensity, or size.

• Used to create neutral areas of lesser interest, allowing the focus to remain on areas of emphasis.

• The juxtaposition of dissimilar elements like dark against light or large against small. It adds interest and prevents monotony.

• The recurrence of visual elements brings unity, continuity, and flow.

• Created through the regular recurrence of elements with variations.

• Refers to the relation of one object to another in size.

• Describes the size relationship of parts within a whole. An artist decides on scale and proportion when planning a work.

• refers to the materials an artist uses in creating art.

• are the basic qualities or properties of the artwork, independent of the medium but experienced through it.

• The seven elements of art are:

• LSSVCTP

• A basic tool for recording ideas, observations, and feelings, serving as a primary means of visual communication.

• Lines have direction and are always active. Different types include

TYPES OF LINES:
AIVHDJCS

(a)  

Refers to the expanse within an outline (two-dimensional) or the outer boundaries (three-dimensional).

(a)  

Precise and regular (circles, squares).

(a)  

• Irregular, curving, and informal.

• refers to the three-dimensional bulk of solid material.

• The infinite, continuous receptacle of all things, present in both two-dimensional and three-dimensional forms.

Refers to the lightness and darkness of surfaces, ranging from white to black

(a)  

is a Renaissance technique using light and shade to create the illusion of three-dimensionality.

(a)  

• A component of light that affects thoughts, moods, and actions.