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Test 1(Ch 8,17,18,19,16) fa25

Total questions: 245

Worksheet time: 2hrs 3mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
The time it takes half of the atoms of a radioactive element to decay
a)
relative age
b)
half-life
c)
absolute age
d)
radioactive decay
2.

Preserved remains or traces of an organism that lived in the past.

a)

vertebrates

b)

carbon films

c)

invertebrates

d)

fossils

3.
The Law of Superposition helps scientists to determine what?
a)
The absolute age of rock layers
b)
The age of fossils
c)
The relative age of rock layers
d)
the super powers of rocks
4.
What type of rock do fossils form in?
a)
Igneous
b)
Sedimentary
c)
Metamorphic
d)
Classic
5.
According to the law of superposition, which layer is the youngest?
a)
A
b)
B
c)
C
6.

Which technique can be used to determine the exact age of a rock?

a)

Radiometric dating

b)

Relative dating

7.

Which letter matches with the OLDEST layer of rock?

a)

W

b)

X

c)

Y

d)

Z

8.
Scientists use radioactive decay to measure...
a)
relative time
b)
absolute time
c)
half-lives
d)
time of day
9.

What type of absolute dating is used for determining the age of VERY OLD fossils?

a)

Carbon 14

b)

Uranium 238

c)

Potassium-40

d)

Oxygen 8

10.

From our simulation, what does Carbon 14 turn into when it decays and does not become radioactive anymore.

a)

Oxygen 14

b)

Nitrogen 14

c)

Helium 14

d)

Carbon 14

11.

what's the half life of this substance?

a)

1 day

b)

7.5 days

c)

3.5 days

d)

9 days

12.
What are the relative ages of the features in order from oldest to youngest?
a)
Limestone, Basalt, Fault, Siltstone
b)
Siltstone, Fault, Basalt, Limestone
c)
Limestone, Fault, Basalt, Siltstone
d)
Limestone, Siltstone, Fault, Basalt
13.
Which of the following is the oldest?
a)
Layer L
b)
Intrusion D
c)
Intrusion H
d)
Layer E
14.
Which of the following correctly lists the layers in order from oldest to youngest?
a)
A, B, C, D, E
b)
E, B, C, D, A
c)
E, D, C, B, A
d)
C, B, A, D, E
15.

What division of time was the longest ?

a)

Paleozoic

b)

Mesozoic

c)

Cenozoic

d)

Precambrian

16.

When did Precambrian time end and the phanerozoic eon begin?

a)

542 million years ago

b)

4.5 Billion years ago

c)

3.65 Billion years ago

d)

3.8 Billion years

17.

What era closed with the K2 event and the extinction of the dinosaurs?

a)

Paleozoic

b)

Mesozoic

c)

Cenozoic

18.

What era started with the Cambrian explosion (cambrian period)?

a)

phanerozoic

b)

paleozoic

c)

mesozoic

d)

proterozoic

19.
The geological time scale is divided into many subdivisions. The largest subdivision is
a)
Eras
b)
Periods
c)
Eons
d)
Epochs
20.

Multicellular algae and the first animals evolved towards the end of the precambrian eon (the proterozoic). This was most likely due to

a)

Decreased oxygen levels in the atmosphere due to photosynthetic organisms

b)

Predators

c)

Genetic Drift

d)

Increased oxygen levels in the atmosphere due to very tiny marine photosynthetic microorganisms.

21.

What can reflect Geological Time?

a)

The Fossil Record

b)

The Calendar

c)

Moon Phases

d)

The Sun

22.

This is about the time that invisible microbial life appears on earth.

a)

There is no life on earth

b)

13.7 Billion Years Ago

c)

About 2 Million years ago

d)

About 3.5 Billion Years Ago

23.

Second largest time unit in the geologic time scale, defined by differences in life forms that are preserved in rocks

a)

geological time scale

b)

era

c)

classification

d)

relative age

24.

This era is characterized by the formation of modern continents and the diversification of mammals and plants

a)

periods

b)

Cenozoic Era

c)

unijforitarianism

d)

key bed

25.

What is Uniformitarianism?

a)

states, physical, chemical and biological laws that operate today also operated across the vast time of geologic past

b)

mineral-rich groundwater permeates porous tissue (bone/wood), minerals will fall out of solution and fill pores

c)

widespread geographically and limited to a short span of geologic time

d)

used when index fossils are not present for particular rock formation

26.
Principle of original horizontality
a)
unreformed sequence of sedimentary rocks, each bed is older than the one above
b)
layers of sediment are generally deposited in a horizontal position
c)
fragments of one rock unit that have been enclosed within another
d)
geologic features that cut across rocks must form after the rocks they cut through
27.

Law of Cross-cutting may be defined as

a)

fragments of one rock unit that have been enclosed within another

b)

geologic features that intrude into rocks that must have been present before the intrusion occurred

c)

unreformed sequence of sedimentary rocks, each bed is older than the one above

d)

layers of sediment are generally deposited in a horizontal position

28.

What is an Unconformity?

a)

intrusion of a igneous rock into the sedimentary layers above it

b)

gap in the rock record that represents a period during which erosion rather than deposition occurred, but for an unknown amount of time.

c)

younger sedimentary strata overlie older metamorphic/intrusive igneous rocks

d)

tilted/folded sedimentary rocks that are overlain by younger flat-lying strata

29.
What  is  Angular Unconformity?
a)
layers of rock that have deposited without interruption/change
b)
gap in the rock record that represents a period during which erosion rather than deposition occurred
c)
 tilted/folded sedimentary rocks that are overlain by younger flat-lying strata
d)
younger sedimentary strata overlie older metamorphic/intrusive igneous rocks
30.

What is Nonconformity?

a)

tilted/folded sedimentary rocks that are overlain by younger flat-lying strata

b)

gap in the rock record that represents a period during which erosion rather than deposition occurred

c)

younger sedimentary strata that overlies older eroded metamorphic/intrusive igneous rocks

d)

layers of rock that have deposited without interruption/change

31.
What  is  Principles of Fossil Succession?
a)
widespread geographically and limited to a short span of geologic time
b)
environmental indicators 
c)
fossils are arranged according to their age, they do not paint a haphazard picture
d)
Allows us to date recent events in geologic history
32.

What are Index Fossils?

a)

fossils that are widespread geographically but limited to a short span of geologic time

b)

1700s specific types of fossils found in certain sedimentary layers and not in others

c)

Fossils document the evolution of life through time

d)

Allows us to recognize what intervals of time are not represented by strata and thus missing from fossil record

33.

In this rock layer diagram there are two events of note, a fault (E) and an intrusion (D). Which occurred first? How do you know?

a)

Intrusion D occurred first because the instrusion has been moved by the fault.

b)

The fault occurred first because it has moved the intrusion D.

c)

Intrusion D occurred first because it can be seen in all of the rock layers.

d)

Fault E occurred first because it is a normal fault.

34.
Which rock layer most likely contains fossils of the most recently evolved organisms?
a)
4
b)
3
c)
1
d)
2
35.
In rock layers, jellyfish fossils are found lower than trilobite fossils, and trilobite fossils are found lower than ammonite fossils. What can be determined from this information?
a)
Trilobites existed before jellyfish and ammonites.
b)
Jellyfish existed before trilobites and ammonites. 
c)
Ammonites existed before trilobites and jellyfish.
d)
Jellyfish, trilobites, and ammonites lived together.
36.

Trilobite fossils are found in Cambrian rocks but not in Triassic rocks. Which statement best explains why trilobite fossils are missing from Triassic rocks?

a)

trilobites went extinct before the Triassic

b)

fossils did not form during the Triassic

c)

volcanoes and earthquakes destroyed only trilobite fossils during the Triassic

d)

trilobite fossils just haven’t been found yet

37.

Considering just the choices, which of the following events is most recent?

a)

A. Deposition of Unit C

b)

B. Deposition of Unit B

c)

C. Deposition of Unit F

d)

D. Tilting of C, D, E, and F

38.
What is the oldest layer in the outcrop?
a)
B
b)
C
c)
D
d)
E
39.
The rock formation labeled "P" is a(n)...
a)
fault
b)
intrusion
c)
inclusion
d)
unconformity
40.

What is the last event to happen?

a)

Deposition of Breccia

b)

Igneous Intrusion

c)

Faulting

d)

Deposition of Limestone

41.
Carbon dating is used on:
a)
organic samples
b)
minerals
c)
metamorphic rocks
d)
igneous rocks
42.
Paleozoic is an example of_________.
a)
an epoch
b)
an era
c)
a period
d)
an eon
43.
Absolute dating measures _________________.
a)
the radioactive decay of material
b)
the depth of the fossil relative to sea level
c)
climate CO2  concentration
d)
the movement of tectonic plates
44.
Which of the following correctly lists the geologic time  periods in order from OLDEST to MOST RECENT?
a)
Precambrian, Mesozoic, Paleozoic, Cenozoic
b)
Cenozoic, Mesozoic, Paleozoic, Precambrian
c)
Precambrian, Paleozoic, Mesozoic, Cenozoic
d)
Mesozoic, Paleozoic, Precambrian, Cenozoic
45.
In what era were dinosaurs the dominant species?
a)

Cenozoic

b)
Paleozoic
c)
Mesozoic
d)
Quarternary
46.

What event usually marks the end of each geologic area?

a)

1 million years

b)

burst of new life forms

c)

mass extinction

d)

ice age

47.

Which of the following are eras? mark all that apply

a)

Proterozoic

b)

Mesozoic

c)

Precambrian

d)

Hadean

e)

Paleozoic

48.

What is the geological time scale ?

a)

A clock

b)

A calendar

c)

Something that divides Earths history into groups

49.
A series of steps used by scientists to solve a problem or answer a question. 
a)
scientific method
b)
recipe
c)
data collection
d)
metric system
50.

A procedure you carry out under controlled conditions to test a hypothesis.

a)

hypothesis

b)

inquiry

c)

experiment

d)

investigation

51.

This era is characterized by the development of marine life

a)

Mesozoic

b)

Cenozoic Era

c)

Paleozoic

d)

Hadean

52.

Archean is an example of an_________.

a)

an epoch

b)

an era

c)

a period

d)

an eon

53.

Paleozoic, Mesozoic & Cenozoic are all

a)

Epochs

b)

Eras

c)

Periods

d)

Eons

54.

Which is the most recent era of time- the one that we are currently in?

a)

Mesozoic

b)

Cenozoic

c)

Paleozoic

d)

Precambrian

55.

The eon that began 542 million years ago, a term that means visible life.

a)

Geologic time scale

b)

Eons

c)

Phanerozoic

d)

Eras

e)

Paleozoic

56.

How many years ago did the moon first form?

a)

4.5 Billion Years Ago

b)

3.2 Million Years Ago

c)

10 Billion Years Ago

d)

4.9 Billion Years Ago

57.

The moon formed during this eon, this eon occured before life and before the crust had solidified. Lava and magma was everywhere, and lots of comets bombarded the earth, giving the earth the large amounts of water you see today. Which eon is this?

a)

Hadean

b)

Archean

c)

Proterozoic

d)

Phanerozoic

58.
What type of daiting indicates a specific age of a rock by using methods such as carbon dating or radioactive decay?
a)
Relative Dating
b)
Absolute Dating
59.
What is the most accurate method to date old rocks?
a)
uranium-lead method
b)
carbon 14 dating
c)
relative dating
d)
potasium-carbon dating
60.
Several different fossils were found in rock layers in a geologic column.  Above these rock layers, the fossils were almost nonexistent.  Which most likely explains these observations?
a)
A nonconformity occurred
b)
All the organisms migrated.
c)
A period of mass extinction occurred.
61.

Oceanic crust is

a)

thick and porous

b)

sandy and thin

c)

thin and dense

d)

thick and dense

62.

Continental crust is

a)

thin and sandy

b)

dense and thin

c)

thick and less dense

d)

rough and dense

63.
What is the inner most layer of Earth?
a)
core
b)
outer core
c)
inner core
d)
asthenosphere
64.

Which layer of earth is completely molten?

a)

inner core

b)

outer core

c)

crust

d)

mantle

65.

Which layer of Earth is solid and made mostly of iron?

a)

The outer core.

b)

The mantle

c)

The inner core.

d)

The crust

66.
Which layer is plastic and has the consistency of silly putty allowing movement?
a)
asthenosphere
b)
lithosphere
c)
mesosphere
d)
crust
67.
An s-wave is an example of what type of wave?
a)
Longitudinal
b)
Converse
c)
Transverse
d)
Ocean
68.

A p-wave is an example of

a)

Longitudinal (or compression)

b)

Transverse

c)

Converse

d)

Ocean

69.

It can travel through solids only

a)

Love waves

b)

Rayleigh waves

c)

Primary waves

d)

Secondary waves

70.
Which body wave is pictured?
a)
P-Wave
b)
S-Wave
c)
Rayleigh Wave
d)
Love Wave
71.
P Waves travel through...
a)
Solids
b)
Liquids
c)
Both
72.
Which kind of waves travel through the Earth’s core?
a)
P waves
b)
S waves
c)
Both
73.
We know there are two layers to the Earth’s core because...
a)
S Waves stop at the outer core
b)
P Waves bend as they reach inner core
c)
P Waves bend as they outer core
d)
All of the above
74.
Density ____ as waves travel deeper into the earth.
a)
Increases
b)
Decreases
75.
In the diagram of Planet A, what do we know about the layers by looking at the S waves?
a)
1 and 2 are both solids
b)
1 and 2 are both liquids
c)
1 is a solid and 2 is a liquid
d)
1 is a liquid and 2 is a solid
76.
What is the effect of erosion on mountains? What happens to their weight and movement?
a)
The mountains lose weight and move up.
b)
The mountains lose weight and move down.
c)
The mountains gain weight and move down.
d)
The mountains gain weight and move up.
77.
When glaciers and ice sheets melt, what happens to the land they covered?
a)
Less weight, so it rises up. 
b)
Less weight, so it sinks.
c)
More weight, so it rises.
d)
More weight, so it sinks. 
78.
a state in which the asthenosphere and lithosphere are in balance
a)
isostasy
b)
tension
c)
compression
d)
shear stress
79.
True or False : Sea-floor Spreading adds new material to the ocean floor?
a)
True
b)
False
80.
Why were magnetic patterns found on the ocean floor puzzling?
a)
They showed alternating bands of normal and reversed polarity.
b)
No rocks were magnetic.
c)
They did not show alternating bands of normal and reversed polarity.
d)
All rocks were magnetic.
81.

In geology gravity meters and magnetometers are often used to measure

a)

gravitational and magnetic variations over the surface of the earth

b)

gravitational and magnetic changes that occur with polarity flips

c)

changes in the pull of the earth and the moon

d)

changes in the temperature of various layers within the earth's crust

82.
study of the alignment of magnetic minerals in rock
a)
paleomagnetism
b)
rifting
c)
continental drift
d)
plate tectonics
83.
the equilibrium between the lithosphere and the asthenosphere with gravity pushing down and buoyancy pushing up 
a)
Lithospheric adjustment
b)
Isostacy
c)
Stress
d)
Strain
84.
Earthquakes release energy. How is this energy carried through the ground?
a)
seismic waves
b)
sound
c)
isostasy
d)
varying density
85.

When S waves leave the Mantle and enter the outer core, they...

a)

speed up

b)

slow down

c)

get absorbed

86.

When P waves leave the mantle and enter the outer core, they...

a)

slow down

b)

speed up

c)

get absorbed

87.

When P waves leave the outer core and enter the inner core, they...

a)

speed up

b)

slow down

c)

get absorbed

88.

Which shadow zone is larger?

a)

S wave shadow

b)

P waves shadow

c)

P and S shadow zones are equal in size

89.

If the Earth did NOT have a liquid outer core, how would earthquake waves travel differently.

a)

P and S waves would both be absorbed.

b)

Only S waves would travel through the Earth's core.

c)

S-shadow zones would not exist.

d)

S waves would travel faster than P waves.

90.
No seismic waves are recorded in the ______________.
a)
Epicenter
b)
Core
c)
Discontinuity
d)
Shadow Zone
91.

Oceanic crust is

a)

about 5 miles thick

b)

about 1 mile thick

c)

about 50 miles thick

d)

about 100 miles thick

92.

Continental crust is

a)

about 1 mile thick

b)

about 5 miles thick

c)

about 50 miles thick

d)

about 100 miles thick

93.

What layer is completely molten?

a)

Mantle

b)

outer core

c)

inner core

d)

asthenosphere

94.

Which kind of waves travel fastest??

a)

P waves

b)

S waves

c)

Both move at the same speed

95.

Magnetic anomalies are often present in earth because of ____________________

a)

silica rich minerals

b)

Iron rich minerals

c)

Carbon rich minerals

d)

Cavities within the earth

96.

How thick is the oceanic crust?

a)

3 to 5 miles thick

b)

10 miles thick

c)

up to 25 miles thick

d)

4,000 feet

97.

Which is the outermost compositional layer of Earth?

a)

Asthenosphere

b)

Crust

c)

Mantle

d)

Outer core

98.

Which layer of the Earth is the only LIQUID layer?

a)

Mantle

b)

Inner Core

c)

Outer Core

d)

Lithosphere

99.

Choose the statement that is TRUE

a)

Oceanic crust is thinner and denser than Continental Crust

b)

Oceanic crust is thicker and denser than Continental Crust

c)

Continental crust is thinner and denser than Oceanic Crust

d)

Continental crust is thicker and denser than Oceanic Crust

100.

P and S waves are body waves caused by

a)

oceans

b)

mountains

c)

the tides

d)

Earthquakes

101.

No p-waves or s-waves are received in the shadow zone because...

a)

P-waves are absorbed and S-waves are refracted by Earth's outer core

b)

P-waves are refracted and S-waves are absorbed by the Earth's core

c)

both the p-waves and s-waves are refracted by the Earth's core

d)

both p-waves and s-waves are absorbed by the Earth's core

102.
S Waves can move through which of the following?
a)
Gas
b)
Liquid
c)
Solid
d)
All of these
103.
Identify C
a)
Crust
b)
Mantle
c)
Outer Core
d)
Inner Core
104.

S - waves are commonly known as ...

a)

seismometer waves

b)

sound waves

c)

secondary waves

d)

slippery waves

105.
The principle of _____ states that Earth's crust and lithosphere float on the upperpart of the mantle.
a)
collide
b)
subduction
c)
isostasy
106.

A device that can detect small changes in magnetic fields is called a(n)

a)

sonar

b)

magnetometer

c)

spectrograph

d)

underwater telescope

107.

What happens when the flow in the outer core changes, and Earth's magnetic field changes direction?

a)

magnetic symmetry

b)

paleomagnetism

c)

core reversal

d)

magnetic reversal

108.

A magnetic field that is opposite to the present field has ______________ polarity.

a)

normal

b)

reversed

c)

retrograde

d)

backward

109.

What did scientists learn by matching magnetic patterns on the seafloor with known patterns of magnetic reversals on land?

a)

the temperature of the ocean floor

b)

the depth of the ocean floor

c)

the age of the ocean floor

110.
The OLDEST seafloor is located? 
a)
Closest to the mid-ocean ridge
b)
Farthest from the mid-ocean ridge
111.
True or False : Sea-floor Spreading adds new material to the ocean floor?
a)
True
b)
False
112.

What is structure C?

a)

coastline

b)

continental slope

c)

continental shelf

d)

continental rise

113.

What is structure E?

a)

coastline

b)

continental shelf

c)

continental slope

d)

continental rise

114.

What is structure J?

a)

continental slope

b)

continental shelf

c)

continental rise

d)

coastline

115.

What are structures K?

a)

seamounts

b)

atolls

c)

guyots

d)

volcanoes

116.
What is an underwater mountain formed by a volcano?
a)
trench
b)
rift zone
c)
seamount
d)
mid ocean ridge
117.
What is the steep slope at the edge of the continental shelf?
a)
seamount
b)
mid-ocean ridge
c)
continental slope
d)
rift zone
118.

Which ocean floor feature is the steep cliff-like drop beyond the continental shelf?

a)

Continental Shelf

b)

Continental Slope

c)

Abyssal Plain

d)

Ocean Trench

119.

Where are you walking when you are wading in the ocean?

a)

Ocean Trench

b)

Abyssal Plain

c)

Continental Slope

d)

Continental Shelf

120.
A long, underwater mountain chain
a)
salinity
b)
deep-ocean basin
c)
thermocline
d)
mid-ocean ridge
121.

What answer choice best describe ring-shaped islands of coral reefs and coral debris which are often formed from sinking inactive volcanoes?

a)

hot spots

b)

atolls

c)

terranes

d)

ophiolites

e)

turbidity currents

122.

What answer selection best describe curving chains of volcanic islands and seamounts almost always found paralleling the concave edge of a trench?

a)

transform faults

b)

fracture zones

c)

hydrothermal vents

d)

abyssal hills

e)

island arcs

123.

The structure of Ophiolites from the bottom to top is

a)

gabbro, pillow basalts, dikes and sediment

b)

sediment, pillow basalts, dikes and gabbro

c)

gabbro, dikes, pillow basalts and sediment

d)

gabbro, pillow basalts, dikes and sediment

124.
What are underwater mountain ranges called?
a)
continental shelf
b)
mid-ocean ridges
c)
abyssal plains
d)
continental slopes
125.

What are valleys between the mountain ridges?

a)

rift zones (or rift valley)

b)

trenches

c)

abyssal plains

d)

continental slope

126.
Where is the shallowest part of the ocean floor?
a)
continental slope
b)
continental shelf
c)
abyssal plains
d)
rift zones
127.
What is the flat land located on either side of the mid-ocean ridge?
a)
continental slope
b)
continental shelf
c)
abyssal plain
d)
ocean basin
128.
What is the deepest part of the ocean basin?
a)
abyssal plains
b)
trenches
c)
rift zones
d)
mid-ocean ridge
129.
A steep drop after the continental shelf is the continental...
a)
slope
b)
shelf
c)
rise
130.
What is the difference between a volcanic island & a seamount?
a)
A volcanic island rises above the water & a seamount does not
b)
A seamount rises above the water & a volcanic island does not
c)
Both the seamount & volcanic island are underwater
d)
Both the seamount & the volcanic island rise above the water
131.

How does the age of the ocean floor change as you swim away from the mid ocean ridge and swim east towards Africa?

a)

The ocean floor gets older

b)

The ocean floor gets younger

c)

Nothing

d)

There are more fish

132.
The process that happens at the deep-ocean trench is called...
a)
sea-floor spreading
b)
adding material to the ocean floor
c)
subduction
133.
Older crust is found towards the...
a)
Mid-ocean ridge
b)
Deep-ocean trench
c)
Asthenosphere
134.
During seafloor spreading cool rock becomes magnetized
a)
True
b)
False
135.

What is one piece of evidence of seafloor spreading?

a)

Everything points to the north

b)

There are alternating stripes of magnetism in the rock around the mid-oceanic ridges

c)

seafloor contains magma

d)

Glacial Striation

136.
What process takes place at the trenches? 
a)
convergent boundaries
b)
subduction
c)
earthquakes
d)
mountain ranges
137.

The build up of sediment before the abyssal plain and at the bottom of the continental slope.

a)

Continental Rise

b)

Continental Shelf

c)

Continental Slope

d)

None of the Above

138.

The part of the ocean that extends out from the shoreline and into the ocean at a depth of about 200 - 300 feet.

a)

Abyssal plain

b)

Glacier

c)

Continental Shelf

d)

Continental Rise

139.

What are underwater isolated mountains called? These are usually old volcanoes that have died out.

a)

Dunes

b)

Deltas

c)

Mountains

d)

Seamounts

140.

From shore to sea, ocean features appear in this order:

a)

continental slope, continental rise, abyssal plain, continental shelf

b)

continental rise, abyssal plain, continental shelf, continental slope

c)

abyssal plain, continental shelf, continental slope, continental rise

d)

continental shelf, continental slope, continental rise, abyssal plain

141.
This is soil, sand, and minerals that are washed from land into water by weathering and erosion.
a)
waves
b)
sediment
c)
trench
d)
salinity
142.

The image shows a(n)

a)

plateau

b)

atoll

c)

gulf

d)

bay

143.

The deepest part of the ocean is the ....

a)

trenches

b)

abyssal plain

c)

ocean basin

d)

rift

144.
Which pair represents wide, flat areas of land? 
a)
Mountains- Mid-Ocean Ridge
b)
Trench- Canyon
c)
Plains- Abyssal Plains
d)
Volcano-Seamount 
145.

About __________ of the oxygen we breath is generated by ______________

a)

70% , plankton

b)

70% , organisms

c)

80% , Stromatolites

d)

80% , insects

146.

Oceans cover about ______ of the surface of the earth.

a)

60%

b)

70%

c)

80%

d)

90%

147.

Underwater volcanoes with flat tops that are still under the surface of the ocean are known as

a)

shelf

b)

abyss

c)

guyots

d)

slope

148.

About _____% of the Earth's living species can be found in our oceans.

a)

25%

b)

67%

c)

72%

d)

94%

149.
This is an underwater mountain system, caused by divergent plate boundaries.
a)
Continental Rise
b)
Abyssal Plain
c)
Mid-Ocean Ridge
d)
Mariana Trench
150.

Steep v-shaped depressions that cut through the continental slope and shelf

a)

continental rise

b)

submarine canyon

c)

seamount

d)

guyots

151.

An area on the ocean floor that allows magma to break through to create islands as the crustal plate moves

a)

island arc

b)

hot spot

c)

seamount

d)

guyot

152.

The Ring of Fire are a series plate boundaries that have many trenches. Volcanic activity in this area can create this type of land mass.

a)

seamount

b)

island arc

c)

guyot

d)

hot spot

153.

Linear region of unusually irregular ocean bottom that runs perpendicular to ocean ridges.

a)

transform fault

b)

fracture zones

c)

continental drift

d)

midocean ridge

154.
The San Andrea's Fault in California is which type of boundary?
a)
Convergent
b)
Divergent
c)
Subductive Zone
d)
Transform
155.

At which type of boundary are mountains often formed?

a)

Convergent

b)

Divergent

c)

Subductive Zone

d)

Transform

156.
At which type of plate boundary does seafloor spreading occur?
a)
Tranform
b)
Convergent
c)
Divergent
d)
Subductive Zone
157.
According to the continental drift theory, a single, huge continent once existed called
a)
Pangaea.
b)
Wegener.
c)
Panthalassa.
d)
Euraisa.
158.
The process that takes place at mid-ocean ridges is called
a)
sea-floor spreading.
b)
uplift. 
c)
continental drift.
d)
subduction.
159.
What was the main reason Wegener’s continental drift hypothesis was rejected?
a)
He did not have any evidence
b)
His proposed mechanisms were physically impossible
c)
He did not propose any mechanisms.
160.

The formation of the Hawaiian Islands is associated with the movement of the pacific plate over a ____.

a)

transform boundary

b)

hot spot

c)

convergent boundary

d)

divergent boundary

161.
New ocean crust is formed at ______.
a)
convergent boundaries
b)
divergent boundaries
c)
transform fault
162.

Oceanic crust is

a)

thick and porous

b)

sandy and thin

c)

thin and dense

d)

thick and dense

163.

Continental crust is

a)

thin and sandy

b)

dense and thin

c)

thick and less dense

d)

rough and dense

164.
This is a picture of glacier scars found in Africa.  What are these evidence for?
a)
Africa has always been near the equator
b)
Africa was once in an area of the Earth that had a very cold climate
c)
The continents have not moved
d)
sea floor spreading
165.

At which boundary are volcanoes often seen?

a)

Transform

b)

Convergent

c)

Divergent

d)

None of the above

166.

Which continent was in the southern hemisphere but migrated to the northern hemisphere?

a)

Africa

b)

North America

c)

India

d)

Australia

167.

Which mountain range was created by the collision of two continental plates?

a)

Japanese Mountains

b)

Cascades

c)

Andes

d)

Himalayas

168.

Which pair of the names was given to the two parts of pangea

a)

mesozoic & cenozoic

b)

Laurasia & Gondwana

c)

Ingoria & Gondwana

d)

Laurasia & Golan

169.

What is the current understanding of the magnetic moments locked in the iron of basaltic oceanic rock?

a)

The poles (magnetic north and magnetic south) have moved slowly but significantly while the continents have always been in the places they are today

b)

Sea floor spreading has occurred over millions of years and in this time there have been pole reversals which has resulted in strips of basalt that have very different magnetic moments.

c)

Polar flips have occurred only in the last 1000 years and as such the sea floor is fairly uniform in its magnetic moment

170.

Around what century mark did Alfred Wegener propose "Tectonic Plate Theory?

a)

1910's

b)

1920's

c)

1880's

d)

1940's

171.

What final evidence secured or strengthened greatly Plate Tectonic Theory? It was evidence that came after the 1950's.

a)

Geological Formations from Ancient Ice Caps

b)

Discovery of Alternating magnetic moments in the iron of the sea floor

c)

Continuity of geological formations between continents

d)

Similarity of fossil records between continents

172.

Who was the first to propose convection currents in the mantle that may drive continental movement at the crust?

a)

Harry Hess in 1962

b)

Author Holmes in 1930

c)

Alex Baldwin in 1960

d)

Ralph Stinter in 1950

173.

On average, How fast is seafloor spreading in general

a)

50 cm / year

b)

5 cm / year

c)

There is no way to measure such

d)

0.5 cm / year

174.

Which of the following is not considered a force for seafloor spreading

a)

Slab Pull

b)

Ridge Puss

c)

Trench suction

d)

Trench collision

175.

What type of plate boundary is seen in this picture?

a)

ocean-continent convergence

b)

ocean-continent divergence

c)

ocean-ocean divergence

d)

ocean-continent transform boundary

e)

ocean-continent adjustment

176.

Which of the symbols shown illustrates a convergent boundary?

a)

top symbol

b)

middle symbol

c)

bottom symbol

d)

none of the symbols

177.

A section of the rigid layer of the mantle and crust(lithosphere) that slowly moves over the soft layer of the mantle (asthenosphere)

a)

plate

b)

volcano

c)

deposition

d)

fault

178.

One piece of evidence that supports the Theory of Plate Tectonics is found in the observation of rocks on either side of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, shown in the picture provided. Plate Tectonic theory is supported because as you move out form the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, the rocks -

a)

have higher iron content.

b)

become thicker and thicker.

c)

are increasingly older.

d)

are made of smaller particles.

179.

The earthquakes experienced in California are related to tectonic plates because these catastrophic events are the result of -

a)

two tectonic plates sliding past each other.

b)

tectonic plates melting as they slide into the mantle.

c)

tectonic plates being weathered over time.

d)

two tectonic plates pulling away from each other.

180.

One piece of evidence that supports both continental drift and the later theory of Plate Tectonics is the discovery of what in both South America and Africa?

a)

The ancient atmosphere in both places was identical.

b)

The rates of weathering of rock are similar.

c)

Fossil remains of the same land-dwelling animal.

d)

Plants on both continents have similar flowers.

181.

Every 100,000 to 200,000 years, the magnetic poles of Earth reverse. Rocks that contain iron provide a record of both normal and reversed magnetic poles. The pattern of normal and reversed magnetic poles as recorded in the rock on either side of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge provide evidence supporting the Theory of Plate Tectonics because -

a)

the composition of the rock changed every time the plates pushed against each other.

b)

the symmetric pattern shows where plates are moving away from each other.

c)

deposits of iron in the rock were only made when the plates stopped moving.

d)

" the bands of rock showing normal and reversed poles are not all the same width."

182.

Which of the following crustal features would be the result of two continental tectonic plates moving away from each other?

a)

Mountain range

b)

Volcanoes on land

c)

Rift valley

d)

Mid-ocean ridge

183.

What feature is found at oceanic divergent boundaries.

a)

Rocky Mountains

b)

Mariana Trench

c)

Uplifted Ridges

184.
During sea floor spreading, molten material rises up from the mantle...
a)
along the continents
b)
at the mid ocean ridges
c)
deep ocean trenches
d)
at north and south poles
185.
Which of the following is where one plate slides under another plate?
a)
submarine zone
b)
divergence zone
c)
subduction zone
d)
lower zone
186.
The area around the pacific plate where boundaries form is called...
a)
death ring
b)
fire zone
c)
ring of fire
d)
zone of fire
187.
Which type of crust is more dense and thinner?
a)
Continental
b)
Asthenosphere
c)
Oceanic
d)
Byers
188.
What was Wegener's hypothesis called?
a)
The Pangea 
b)
Moving Continents 
c)
The Continental Drift
d)
Techtonic Plates
189.
Why was Alfred Wegner's theory of Continental Drift not immediately accepted by scientists?
a)
there was no mechanism to explain how Continental Drift happened.
b)
The theory of Continental Drift was immediately accepted by the scientific community.
c)
there was no evidence to support his theory.
d)
Scientists did not think it was possible for the Continents to move.
190.
A location where two tectonic plates collide is known as a _________ boundary.
a)
Convergent
b)
Divergent
c)
Transform
d)
Spreading
191.
The deep interior of the Earth can be mapped using
a)
seismic waves.
b)
sonar.
c)
information from drilling expeditions.
d)
ocean waves.
192.
Most volcanoes and earthquakes occur...
a)
along the coast
b)
along tectonic plate boundaries
c)
in the Arctic
d)
in the ocean
193.
Which of the following was NOT used in support of the continental drift hypothesis?
a)
matching fossils
b)
Ancient climates
c)
paleomagnetism
d)
Matching rocks
194.
The Himalayas in South Asia are an example of what type of plate boundary?
a)
continental-oceanic convergent
b)
continental-continental convergent
c)
oceanic-oceanic convergent
d)
continental-continental divergent
195.
According to the theory of plate tectonics, ________.
a)
the asthenosphere is divided into plates
b)
the lithosphere is divided into plates
196.
How does the age of the seafloor sediments change with increasing distance from the ocean ridge?
a)
age decreases
b)
age stays the same
c)
age increases
d)
age varies without a pattern
197.

Tectonic plates are huge pieces of ____________ that slowly move on the asthenosphere and consist of the crust and the rigid, uppermost part of the mantle

a)

atmosphere

b)

lithosphere

c)

rock formations

d)

land mass

198.

A tectonic plate division of the lithosphere that includes the continental crust of Africa and the surrounding oceanic crust is known as the

a)

Somali Plate

b)

Euroafrican Plate

c)

African Plate

d)

South American Plate

199.

Who mapped the ocean floors and what technology did they use?

a)

Alfred Wegener, echolocation

b)

Marie Tharp, thermal detectors

c)

Harry Hess, sonar

d)

James Watson, hydrosonic vaporizing sensors

200.

Which scientist was able to take all the collected sonar data and create a map of the ridges at the middle of the ocean floors where many earthquakes happen?

a)

Marie Tharp

b)

Marie Curie

c)

Alfred Wegener

d)

Albert Einstein

201.

Patterns of magnetism preserved in rocks on each side of a mid ocean ridge.

a)

Magnetic Ripples

b)

Magnetic Alignment

c)

Magnetic Stripes

d)

Magnetic Reversal

202.

When the force of subduction and gravity moves a lithospheric plate downward into a trench and pulls it away from a ridge.

a)

Sea Floor Spreading

b)

Subduction

c)

Ridge Push

d)

Slab Pull

203.

When the force of convection currents and rising magma squeezes up through a oceanic ridge you have, what is called, ....... ?

a)

Sea Floor Spreading

b)

Subduction

c)

Ridge Push

d)

Slab Pull

204.

What evidence was a part of Alfred Wegener's provide for continental drift?

a)

ROCK AND FOSSIL AND GLACIER EVIDENCE

b)

MAGMA EVIDENCE

c)

MAGNETIC REVERSAL

d)

SEA FLOOR SPREADING

205.

The cycle of fluid heating, rising, cooling, and sinking is called____.

a)

convection currents

b)

water cycle

c)

Earth cycle

d)

tension force

206.

Who proposed the theory of sea-floor spreading; wherein oceanic crust at the ocean floor ridges was forming and moving away from the ridge.

a)

Harry Hess in 1962

b)

Author Holmes in 1930

c)

Alex Baldwin in 1960

d)

Ralph Stinter in 1950

207.

What are the two types of surface waves?

a)

P and S waves

b)

Surface and Underground waves

c)

Rayleigh waves and Love waves

d)

Compression and Transverse waves

208.
The place where an earthquake originates inside the Earth's surface is called...
a)
Epicenter
b)
Hypocenter (focus)
c)
Underground
d)
Crust
209.

The location on the earth's surface which sits above the fault plane where the earthquake was most expressed is called the...

a)

Epicenter

b)

Hypocenter (focus)

c)

Surface

d)

Crust

210.
What is the instrument used to measure earthquakes?
a)
Seismograph
b)
Seisologist
c)
Scale
211.
Which type of wave is the first to arrive after an earthquake occurs?
a)
P Wave
b)
Rayleigh Wave
c)
S Wave
d)
Shear Wave
212.
Which scale rates earthquakes based on the amount of damage done?
a)
Mercalli Scale
b)
Richter Scale
c)
Seismogram Scale
d)
Bernoulli Scale
213.
Which scale measures the intensity of the ground movement?
a)
Mercalli Scale
b)
Richter Scale
c)
Seismogram Scale
d)
Bernoulli Scale
214.
What is the temporary state in which loose soil and rock materials take on the property of a liquid?
a)
Aftershock
b)
Liquefaction
c)
Seismic Gap
d)
Tsunami
215.
What is a smaller earthquake that follows a larger earthquake?
a)
Aftershock
b)
Liquefaction
c)
Seismic Gap
d)
Tsunami
216.

What are the two types of body waves? (remember, there are various names)

a)

compression and transverse waves

b)

Surface and Underground waves

c)

Rayleigh and Love waves

d)

P-wave and longitudinal wave

217.
What is a large ocean wave that results from an underwater earthquake, landslide, or volcanic eruption?
a)
Aftershock
b)
Liquefaction
c)
Seismic Gap
d)
Tsunami
218.
Which letter represents the movement created by the P Wave?  
a)
A
b)
B
c)
C
219.

What is the approximate lag time shown in this seismogram?

a)

30 sec

b)

86 sec

c)

56 sec

d)

140 sec

220.
Which city is closest to the epicenter?  
a)
A
b)
B
c)
C
221.
Which seismogram represents a city that is far from the epicenter of an earthquake?  
a)
New York, NY
b)
Nome, Alaska
c)
Guadalajara, Mexico
222.

What type of surface wave illustrated here? (There is side to side motion)

a)

P-Wave

b)

S-Wave

c)

Rayleigh Wave

d)

Love Wave

223.
Which body waves cause particles of rock material to move at right angles to the direction in which the waves are traveling?
a)
Body Waves
b)
P- Waves
c)
S- Waves
d)
Surface Waves
224.
Which one of the reasons below could explain an earthquake rated high on the Richter scale, but low on the Mercalli scale.
a)
It probably happened in an area with few people.
b)
It was a fast moving earthquake and didn't last very long.
c)
Because damage was great, even though magnitude was low.
d)
None of the above.
225.
What is another term for P- Wave?
a)
Compression Wave
b)
Principal Wave
c)
Shear Wave
d)
Secondary Wave
226.

How many different seismic waves are created during an Earthquake?

a)

1

b)

4

c)

6

d)

5

227.

What are the two body waves?

a)

Primary and Secondary

b)

Love and Rayleigh

c)

Love and Secondary

d)

Primary and Rayleigh

228.

Which seismic wave is described as a transverse wave and cannot travel through the liquid layers of our planet?

a)

Love

b)

Rayleigh

c)

Secondary

d)

Primary

229.

Tectonic plates can bend and stretch until their ________ limit is reached and energy is then released in the form of seismic waves.

a)

Rock

b)

Elastic

c)

Richter

d)

Stretchy

230.

A paleoseismologist is often found working...

a)

in a pit across a fault line

b)

in a station with a seismograph

c)

Near a mountain where convergence has occured

d)

Near a coastline where an abyssal flow of sediment has occured

231.

To better understand future earthquakes, paleoseismologists look at

a)

current earthquakes

b)

past earthquakes

c)

past tsunamis

d)

plate movement

232.
Most volcanoes and earthquakes occur...
a)
along the coast
b)
along tectonic plate boundaries
c)
in the Arctic
d)
in the ocean
233.
Why are earthquakes common occurrences in California?  
a)
California is located on a solid granite sheet. 
b)
California is constantly pounded by waves from the Pacific Ocean. 
c)
California is located on a tectonic plate boundary. 
d)
California is built on ancient sand bars from ancient oceans. 
234.
How can Earth's plates move?  
a)
They only move toward each other.
b)
They only converge or diverge.
c)
They collide, pull apart, or slide past each other.
d)
They collide or slide along each other. 
235.

A sudden shift in the earth's crust

a)

Earthquake

b)

Flood

c)

Drought

d)

Volcano

236.
What are the two classifications of waves?
a)
Body and Legs
b)
Rayleigh and Love
c)
Body and Surface
d)
Inner and Outer
237.
Which surface wave is pictured?
a)
P-Wave
b)
S-Wave
c)
Rayleigh Wave
d)
Love Wave
238.

What is the zig-zag record made by a seismograph called?

a)

A. Seismograph

b)

B. Seismologist

c)

C. Seismic wave

d)

D. Seismogram

239.

What is the tool that records earthquakes?

a)

A. Seismograph

b)

B. Seismologists

c)

C. Seismic wave

d)

D. Seismogram

240.

When plate boundaries move horizontally past each other?

a)

reverse fault

b)

normal fault

c)

abnormal fault

d)

strike-slip fault

241.

Which best models a P wave moving through Earth's crust?

a)
b)
c)
d)
242.

When plates break or slip past each other they form these

a)

mountains

b)

tectonic plates

c)

Fault lines

d)

earthquakes

243.
What part of the earth is broken in to 12 major tectonic plates?
a)
Crust
b)
Mantle
c)
Inner Core
d)
Outer Core
244.

These waves travel slowly. They are the most destructive.

a)

Seismic Waves

b)

Primary Waves

c)

Secondary Waves

d)

Surface Waves

245.

A Earthquake that is 8 on the Richter Scale will be approximately _____ times as intense as one that is 7 on the Richter Scale

a)

4

b)

10

c)

1000

d)

10000