This semi-arid region is located south of the Sahara Desert, characterized by a mix of grasslands and some shrubs.

This term describes a grassy plain with scattered trees, often home to various wildlife.

This type of forest is dense and found in tropical areas with high rainfall, rich in biodiversity.

This refers to a specific area characterized by its plant life, varying based on climate and soil.

This practice focuses on a specific task or skill within a larger production process, allowing people to become experts.

This is a large political unit or state that rules over a vast territory and diverse populations.

This term describes a payment made by one state or ruler to another as a sign of submission or allegiance.

This refers to the exchange of gold and salt between West African kingdoms and traders, crucial for their economies.

This ancient West African empire thrived from around the 6th to 13th centuries, known for its wealth from trade.

These trade routes crossed the Sahara Desert, connecting North Africa with sub-Saharan Africa.

This method of trading involves exchanging goods without direct contact or communication between traders.

This region in present-day Mali is known for its salt mines, which were vital for trade across the Sahara.

This group of traders in West Africa specialized in the gold trade and was known for their secretive methods.