A scientist who studies the stars and other objects in the sky:

A natural satellite that revolves around a planet:

A group of stars who are only visible during certain seasons due to the revolution of the earth around the sun:

Earth orbits the sun, yet the sun appears to move across Earth’s sky, rising in the east and setting in the west. What causes this apparent movement of the sun?

Luis is building a model to compare physical characteristics of the sun, Earth, and moon, including their sizes. Which table below shows models he should use to show accurately which is biggest, smallest, and in between?

Why is the sun considered the center of the solar system?

What is an orbit?

The diagram below shows the path of Earth’s movement.

About how long does it take for Earth to move from point Y—its current location— to point Z?

The diagram below shows planet Earth in different positions relative to the sun. Labels G, H, J, and K are different locations on Earth’s surface.

According to the diagram, which of the following correctly states the season for the given location?

Most places on Earth have warmer summers and cooler winters. Which of the following is a major cause of the warmer temperatures in a particular part of Earth during summer?

The two main motions of Earth are _________________ and _________________ .

How long does it take the Earth to orbit the sun?

Which motion causes day and night?

What two things cause us to experience seasons on Earth?

If the Northern Hemishpere is experiencing Spring, what is the Southern Hemisphere experiencing?

Which seasons have an equal amount of day and night?

Constellations are arrangements of stars in the sky.

Why does the sun appear to move across the sky?

What is a tool that can identify which constellations are visible in the night sky?

Why do we only see certain constellations at certain times of the year?

Stars that are farther away appear smaller and __________ .

Planets are also visible in the evening sky and can be differentiated from stars based on their appearance.

Positions of constellations and planets are always the same throughout the year as the relative position of the sun, earth, and distant stars change in the night sky.

What causes different constellations to be visible from Earth at different times of year?

What causes different constellations to be visible from Earth at different times of year?

The Sun is a planet.

What causes day and night?

How long does it take the Earth to do one rotation on its axis?

How long does it take the Earth to orbit the sun?

What did ancient people use stars and constellations for?

What two things do stars produce?

About how long does it take light to travel from the sun to earth?

Stars that are further away appear smaller and

a group of stars that make a pattern or create an imaginary shape

something spinning on a point, located at its center

​An __________ takes place when one celestial body, such as a moon or planet, moves into the shadow of another celestial body.​

A ___________ eclipse is when our view of the sun is being blocked by the moon. For this to happen, the moon has to be between the Earth and the sun.

The positions of the Sun, moon, and Earth affect what we see in the day and night sky, including positions of constellations.

Eclipses would happen _______________________ if it were not for the fact that the moon’s orbit around the Earth is tilted about five degrees from the Earth’s orbit around the sun.

A __________ eclipse occurs when the moon passes through the Earth’s shadow in space. For that to happen, the Earth has to be between the sun and the moon.

Which kind of eclipse does this image show?

The phases of the Moon are the different ways the Moon looks from ________ over about a month depending on the position of the Sun-Earth-moon system.

When does a lunar eclipse occur?

Which kind of eclipse does this image show?

Tides on Earth are caused by __________.

What determines the length of a planet’s day?

The girl in the picture has a model that is used to study one of Earth’s cycles. Which cycle seen on Earth is the girl studying with this model?

Imagine that the moon started rotating faster. How would it look different if you were looking at it from Earth?

A sign makes a shadow on the playground. Mary drew the shadow at 2:00 p.m. and 4:00 p.m. Which of these explains the differences in the shadow at these two times?

How long does the moon take to revolve once around Earth?

Harry made this model of the sun and Earth. Which of these facts does the model let Harry demonstrate?

Earth is tilted on its axis. Which of these would not exist if Earth had no tilt?

Sean looks at his calendar. He sees that tonight’s phase of the moon will be a new moon. Which will be the next phase Sean sees after the new moon?

One of Earth’s motions causes it to have four seasons. Which of these motions causes Earth to have four seasons?

Which set of pictures shows the correct order of moon phases?

What is the nearest star to planet Earth?

True or False: The planets, moons, stars, and the Earth are all part of the universe.

The _____ is much closer to the Earth than the _____.

What do you need to prove that a scientific claim is true?

Objects __________ to you appear larger.

Objects farther away from you appear _______.

Which of these is NOT an example of a luminous object?

What happens to brightness as distance increases?

Light Years are a measure of ______________.

After the Sun, which star is the next brightest?

True or False: All stars are luminous objects that give off their own light.

About how many stars can we see from Earth at any one time without using telescopes, or other equipment?

Why do scientists usually use light-years instead of kilometers when describing the distances of stars?

Stars that are farther away appear _______.

Stars that are _____ appear brighter.

Earth spins on it's axis that runs through the _____ pole and ______ pole.

Shadows on Earth are shortest at...

Which of the following best describes why the shadows in the drawing change at different times throughout the day?

What time of day is it for the person in the image?

The position of the Sun determines the size of.....

Which of the following is star.

Which of the following best describes why most some constellations are visible in the Northern Hemisphere but not in the Southern Hemisphere?

Earth rotates on an imaginary line called an axis that runs through the North Pole and South Pole

What happens to the tilt of Earth's axis as it revolves around the Sun?

During warmer season, such as summer, the Sun's rays hit the Earth....

The amount of daylight is shorter in the winter than the summer. What causes the change of daylight from season to season?

Earth’s rotation determines who will see the sunset first. Billy lives in California, Jimmy lives in Illinois, Suzie lives in Colorado, and Mary lives in New York. Who will see the sunset first?

What causes day and night?

Which of the following makes it appear that the sun, planets, and stars are orbiting the Earth once a day?

What affects the way different part of the Earth receive sunlight?

Earth's medium-sized star that is the center of our solar system

The third planet from the Sun; where we live

Scale models are often used to compare the sizes of objects in space. Compared to the size of earth, the sun is 110 times bigger. The moon is 4 times smaller than earth. Which combination of items should be used to make the closest scale model of earth and the sun?

Why does our sun appear so bright compared to other larger stars in the sky?

the distance light travels in one year

The ratio between the size of something real and the model that represents it

The picture is showing a relative size difference in the earth and its moon. In a comparison of the sun, earth, and moon, the largest to smallest is

All the small stars are the same distance away from the Earth.

The distance between which of these is the shortest?

Students are using balls to show size relationships between the Earth, Moon, and the Sun. They used a basketball to represent the Sun and a tennis ball to represent the Earth. What would best represent the Moon in their model?

What statement BEST describes a liquid?

Josh decided his glass of iced tea needed to be sweeter.  He found two types of sugar he could use in the kitchen.  There was a bowl of loose crystal sugar and a bowl of sugar cubes. Which one will dissolve faster in the iced tea?

Usually when the particle size is decreased, what will happen to the rate of dissolving?

Kelly has two cubes of sugar and decides to add them to a glass of water. The mass of the sugar cubes is 6 grams total. The mass of the water and glass is 520 grams total. Once the sugar dissolves in the water, what will the total mass of Kelly's drink be (including the glass), and why?

Your science teacher gives you three liquids to pour into a jar.  After pouring, the liquids layer as seen here.  What property of matter prevents the three liquids from mixing together to form a solution?

Sarah and Maria mixed some iron filings with yellow sulfur powder.  Both iron and sulfur are elements in the periodic table.  The girls used a magnet to separate the iron filings from the sulfur.

Next, the girls poured the two elements in a test tube and heated the mixture in a flame.  The two elements melted and black smoke came out of the test tube.  The two liquids seemed to combine.  When the girls stopped heating the test tube, there was a shiny black solid inside.  They took a magnet and held it up to the new substance but nothing happened.  Why?

A flask with vinegar in it has a mass of 160 grams.  A balloon with baking soda in it has a mass of 40 grams.  The balloon is attached to the flask to seal the opening and the vinegar and baking soda mixes.  The balloon inflates to a large volume.  What will the total mass of the balloon and flask be after the balloon inflates?  Explain.

Mrs. Smith is demonstrating a chemical change for her class.  She places 15 grams of baking soda into a beaker.  Next,  she adds 15 grams of vinegar to the same beaker.  When the two compounds make contact, they bubble and fizz a great deal.  She places the beaker on the balance and notes that the mass of the solution in the beaker is less the expected 30 grams. 

Why is the mass of the solution in the beaker less than 30 grams?

Colton has an ice cube that has a mass of 4 grams.  He places it in a sealed container and then puts it in the microwave on high.  The ice cube melts after a few seconds.  He removes the sealed container with the melted ice cube and checks the mass again.

Anna is making sweet tea for the class picnic.  She boils the water and then soaks the tea bags to get the perfect color.  She decides to add sugar to the tea to sweeten it and ice to make it cold.  When should she add the sugar?

Usually, when the temperature is increased, what will happen to the rate of dissolving?

When a mixture is stirred

This picture shows ice cubes changing into water and then into steam. What causes matter to change states?

Very early one chilly morning, Miguel was surprised to find the grass in his yard was wet, even though it had not rained for several days. His mother told him it was "dew." Which of the following words explain how the dew formed?

In a large bowl, Joseph dissolved 5 grams of salt into 1 liter of warm water. Then he let the bowl sit uncovered on a shelf. When he looked in the bowl after two weeks, he saw 

Mrs. Powers fills a 500 mL beaker with water. She adds 2 g of sugar to the beaker and stirs. Some of the sugar falls to the bottom of the beaker. Next, she puts the beaker on a hot plate to heat the water. She adds another 2 g of sugar and stirs. Most of the sugar dissolves. She increases the temperature of the water in the beaker. Then, she adds another 2 g of sugar and stirs. What variable is Mrs. Powers testing?

Mary has two beakers. Beaker A contains a colorless liquid while beaker B contains a blue liquid. Mary adds a few drops of the blue liquid from beaker B into beaker A and observes that a pink solid is formed. What is the best conclusion that can be drawn from this?

If you combine two substances, which of the following would indicate that a new substance with different properties was NOT formed?

A change in matter that produces a new compound with different properties from the original is a

Kelly has two cubes of sugar and decides to add them to a glass of water. The mass of the sugar cubes is 6 grams total. The mass of the water and glass is 520 grams total. Once the sugar dissolves in the water, what will the total mass of Kelly's drink be (including the glass), and why?

Which claim would BEST be supported by evidence from all three experiments?

Use the drop-down menus to best complete each statement about Experiment 3.

The weight of the beaker of ice cubes is  [Gap 1]  the weight of the beaker of liquid water. I know this because the ice cubes and the liquid water  [Gap 2 ].

Eric sells ice cream at his mom’s yard sale, but he notices that the ice cream melts too fast. Which is the best way to slow the melting?

The Walker family went on vacation and left 2.7 kilograms of milk in their refrigerator. The milk began to spoil, and there were lumps in it when the Walkers returned home. Which is most likely the mass of the spoiled milk?

In a lab demonstration, Mr. Sharpe placed a piece of zinc into a glass beaker containing hydrochloric acid. When the two substances were mixed, the zinc turned black and hydrogen gas was released. What happened during the reaction?

The mass of a grape drink mixture is 150 grams. Kathy boils the mixture and notices that 50 grams of water has evaporated. Which will most likely be the result?

Susan is completing an experiment in science. She mixes 1 cup of hot water with 2 cups of salt. What will most likely happen to the substances?

The students recorded the properties of the three substances in the beakers. The properties are recorded to help identify each substance. Select TWO questions that would be the most helpful for the students to ask when recording the data.

Use the drop-down menus to complete the description of how the data collected could be used as evidence.

If the data show that the properties of the substances [Gap 1] when the substances are mixed together, then [Gap 2] . This is because all substances have [Gap 3] properties.

Which would most likely result in a new substance being produced?

What should the student do at step 3?

Mrs. Champion’s class performed an experiment in which they combined 10 ounces of lemon juice with 15 ounces of vinegar to create a new cleaning solution. The experiment was conducted in a sealed spray bottle weighing 5 ounces. The students weighed the bottle with the solution immediately following the experiment. What did the students most likely discover about the weight of the solution and the bottle?

Why does liquid water become solid when placed in the freezer?

Why do ice cream makers include a metal canister for the mixture?

Jack placed his wooden baseball bat in the sun. The bat cracked open along the center. What is the most likely reason for this happening?

Miguel has some sugar cubes and a cup of hot water. Miguel knows that the water and the sugar cubes are types of matter, so they are both made up of tiny particles. Miguel puts a few of the sugar cubes into the hot water. The sugar cubes dissolve and can no longer be seen. What is now true about the sugar?

Caiden boiled 15 grams of water. If all of the water changed into a gas, what would be the mass of the steam?

Jill has a mixture of sand and iron filings. The mass of the mixture is 250 g. Jill uses a magnet to separate the two substances. Then, she measures the mass of the sand as 150 g. What should be the mass of the iron filings?

Lynckon froze 15 grams of water. If all of the water changed into a solid, what would be the mass of the ice?

Jackson has a coin-filled piggy bank. He measures its total mass and finds that it is 1.6 kilograms. He then smashes it to get the coins. After the piggy bank is smashed, what it the total mass of the broken piggy bank and its coins?

Julie measured out 15.5 grams of water. Then she measured 5.0 grams of lemon juice. She added the lemon juice to the water and stirred until they were completely mixed. What is the mass of the final mixture?

In which phase change do the particles slow down?

In which phase change do the particles slow down?

In which phase change do the particles slow down?

In which phase change do the particles speed up?

In which phase change do the particles speed up?

In which phase change do the particles speed up?

The gas around the glass of Dr. Pepper turning into liquid was an example of _____________________.

As the solid (ice) turned into liquid (water) in my glass of Dr. Pepper this was an example of __________________.

A change in states of matter happens when the ___________ of the particles increases or decreases.

A change in either ______________ or ________________ can cause the particles to speed up or slow down.

Which phase change occurs when matter changes from a solid to a liquid?

Which phase change occurs when matter changes from liquid to solid?

Which phase change occurs when liquid turns into vapor?

Which phase change occurs when vapor turns into liquid?

Which phase change occurs when a solid changes directly into vapor?

Which phase change occurs when vapor turns directly into a solid?

Definition: Anything that takes up space.

Which of the following are considered matter?

State of matter that has definite shape and volume.

No definite shape but does have a definite volume.

Has neither definite shape nor definite volume.

What can you use to compare the weights of two objects to one another?

What can you use to measure the volume of an object that may be difficult to get a length, width, and height on. [Example: a bolt or an uneven object]

Gas molecules move at a __________ rate.

Liquid molecules move at a _________ rate.

Solid molecules move at a ____________ rate.

Liquid water typically boils to steam at 212°F (100°C). If water is boiling, what would happen to the boiling liquid water if we heated the pot to an even hotter temperature, such as 300°F (149°C)?

Which THREE substances will have a phase change if the temperature goes up from 50° to 300°?

Students put solid butter and solid water on a table. The air temperature around the table is 20°C. Which statement describes the most likely state of each substance after 2 hours?

In a classroom experiment, students placed 100 grams of water in one beaker and 100 grams of an unknown liquid called Liquid X in another beaker. They left both beakers on a table and weighed them every day. Below is a graph showing all the data over five days. What conclusion can be made from the graph?

Which of the following is an example of a liquid state of matter?

A student watches her uncle prepare to melt chocolate chips in the oven at home to make a hot fudge treat. The chocolate chips are placed into the oven. As the oven heats the chocolate chips, the student makes the following observations: At 75°F the chocolate chips are shaped into small, solid shapes. At 86°F the chocolate chips are losing their hard edges. At 90°F the chocolate can be stirred with a spoon.

What happened to the chocolate chips?

A student sets up an investigation to see what happens to the temperature when ice melts to liquid water.

First, ice was added to a cup. Then, the cup was set on a kitchen counter. The student recorded the appearance and temperature of the cup every five minutes until the ice completely melted.

What reason best explains why the temperature of the water is 32°F (0°C) in two of the pictures?

In the experiment below, liquid water is heated inside a bottle. A balloon is fitted over the top of the bottle.

After a short time passes, the balloon begins to inflate. How does the liquid water in the bottle cause the balloon to inflate?

The phase change from water vapor to liquid water is known as...

What is sublimation?

How are solids different from liquids?

What happens to particles when they are heated?

Is the substance gaining or losing energy?

What state/phase is the object likely from points A to B?

Is the substance gaining or losing energy?

In a solid, the particles

A substance's heating curve is shown in the graph. What is its boiling point?

In what state of matter, do particles move so fast they cannot be held together?

At what temperature does water boil?

At what temperature does water freeze?

At what temperature does water freeze?

The pictures show butter and water in solid states. The melting point of each substance is shown.

Students put solid butter and solid water on a table. The air temperature around the table is 20 degrees Celsius.

Which statement describes the most likely state of each substance after two hours?

Substances have different freezing and boiling points. These values help scientists know when phase changes happen.

Which three substances will have a phase change if the temperature goes up from 50 degrees Celsius to 300 degrees Celsius?

The diagram shows water particles in three different phases.

On a summer day, water particles from the ocean change phase as they move into the air. Which of the following models best shows this process?

At which two temperatures is water MOST likely to be in vapor form and a solid form?

Which picture BEST shows what change occurs when heat is added to ice?

Veronica weighed an empty bowl and recorded its mass. Then she placed three ice cubes in the bowl and weighed it again. After the ice melted, she recorded the mass of the bowl and the water. She put the data in a table.

What conclusion should Veronica make from her observations?

A glass of ice water is placed on a table inside a room that is at room temperature. The ice inside the glass melts. The diagram represents the changes observed.

Which piece of evidence supports the conservation of matter during the changes shown in the diagram?

Chris fit the pieces of a space shuttle model together.

Which statement BEST describes how the pieces compare to the completed model?

Cherise mixed 30 grams of sugar into 100 grams of water. The sugar dissolved. Cherise recorded the data in the table below.

Based on the data in the table, find the mass of the sugar solution.

Malik weighed an empty beaker. The beaker weighed 50 grams. Then Malik added 115 grams of water to the beaker. He placed the beaker of water in a freezer until the water became solid ice. Which prediction should Malik make about the ice in the beaker?

A group of students weighed a sealed jar full of heavy cream. Then they shook the jar until the cream separated, and then they weighed the jar again. Which of the following would BEST describe its weight?

Andrew designs an investigation to test how temperature affects the formation of a solution. He mixes the same amounts of sugar to water at different temperatures. Andrew creates the chart shown to record the results.

Andrew will know that a solution has formed when what happens to the liquids?

A student performs an experiment. The students wants to study the fastest way to dissolve sugar in tea. The student uses 50 milliliters of tea and adds 50 grams of sugar cubes for each trial. The student waits two minutes before making the observations shown in the table.

How can the experiment be changed to be sure that as much sugar as possible has dissolved?

Look at the data in the picture.

What conclusion is BEST supported by the data?

A student plans an investigation to see how water temperature affects the way sugar dissolves. The student will perform two trials with the setup shown.

How should the student improve the investigation to get better results?

Students build a model rocket. The rocket uses a dissolving antacid tablet for power. The students want to know if the size of the pieces of an antacid tablet affects the distance that the rocket flies.

Students pour 20 milliliters of tap water into the rocket. Then they add half an antacid tablet to the water and close the rocket. They launch the rocket and measure the distance it flies. The diagram shows the materials used.

Mrs. Garza's class mixed some materials. They mad a table of the materials and the products after the materials combined.

Based on the table, which materials mixed to form a new substance?

A cup of sand is mixed into a bucket of rocks. Another cup of sand is mixed into a bucket of water. Which statement BEST compared the two buckets?

A student poured vinegar into a bowl with baking soda.

When the vinegar and baking soda combine, bubbles appear because

A type of cold pack has two separate sections inside. One section contains a liquid and the other section contains a powder. When the cold pack is squeezed, the section that holds the liquid breaks. When the liquid combines with the powder, the pack becomes very cold.

Which is the BEST explanation why the temperature of the pack decreases when the liquid and powder combine?

A student poured five different clear, colorless liquids into five different beakers. Each beaker was half-filled with the liquid. The student added 1 gram of a white powder and stirred each mixture. The student's observations are recorded in the data table.

In which two mixtures was a new substance formed?

Students completed four investigations where they combined two different substances.

Which investigation shows evidence that the chemical properties of the substances changed?