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WorksheetsCA BÀI 1: Architecture and organization of Computer
Total questions: 104
Worksheet time: 52mins
Which attribute directly affects the execution of program instructions?
Computer Organization
Computer Architecture
I/O Mechanism
Memory Paging
What is the set of instructions that a CPU can execute called?
Memory Organization
Instruction Set
Control Unit
CPU Cache
CISC and RISC are two types of what?
Memory management systems
CPU instruction sets
I/O mechanisms
Logic processing units
The number of bits used in a CPU is related to what?
The size of virtual memory
The amount of data the CPU can process in one execution
Cache mechanism
CPU multitasking capability
What is the I/O mechanism related to?
Memory management
Interaction of the computer with peripheral devices
CPU size
Backward compatibility
How does parallel I/O transmit data?
One bit at a time
Multiple bits simultaneously
Between CPUs
Through a USB port
What is virtual memory?
The physical memory of the CPU
A combination of physical and virtual memory
A special type of cache
A type of buffer memory
What does cache memory help with?
Accelerating data access from RAM
Reducing CPU size
Increasing main memory capacity
Reducing memory fragmentation
What is paging in memory management?
Memory segmentation
Dividing memory into smaller pages for easier management
Increasing CPU size
Storing data on hard drives
How does segmentation help in memory management?
Dividing memory into large segments by function
Dividing memory into small pages
Speeding up data access
Reducing interaction with peripheral devices
How is computer architecture different from computer organization?
Focuses on hardware
Focuses on software
Focuses on the connection between internal functional blocks
Focuses on hardware attributes that impact performance
What is the main feature of the IBM System 370?
It does not support multitasking
Backward compatibility
It has only one CPU
It does not support virtualization architecture
What is symmetric multiprocessing (SMP)?
Using a single CPU to execute tasks
Using multiple CPUs to increase processing efficiency
Increasing cache memory size
Reducing the number of CPU instructions
In IBM System 370, what does data processing refer to?
Control signal processing
Processing data in various forms
Long-term data storage
Transferring data between CPUs
Where is L1 cache located in the system?
Near RAM
Integrated directly into the CPU
The furthest from the CPU
Between the CPU and RAM
How does L3 cache differ from L1 and L2 cache?
aster than L1
Smaller than L1
The slowest among the cache levels
The fastest among the cache levels
What is the function of the control unit in the CPU?
Performing arithmetic and logical operations
Controlling the operations of the CPU and the computer
Temporarily storing data
Connecting internal components in the CPU
What is the function of registers in the CPU?
Connecting CPU components
Storing external memory
Providing internal memory for the CPU
Controlling signals between peripheral devices
In a multicore computer structure, what is a core?
Cache memory
Processing unit in the CPU
Connection between CPU components
Peripheral device
How does paging enhance security?
Dividing memory into smaller pages, reducing unauthorized access
Increasing virtual memory size
Increasing the number of instructions the CPU can process
Providing stronger control signals
What is the main function of the arithmetic logic unit (ALU) in the CPU?
Processing control signals
Performing arithmetic and logical operations
Controlling peripheral devices
Connecting CPU components
What is the difference between parallel I/O and serial I/O?
Parallel I/O transmits one bit at a time, while serial I/O transmits multiple bits at once
Parallel I/O transmits multiple bits at once, while serial I/O transmits one bit at a time
Parallel I/O is only used for cache memory, while serial I/O is for the CPU
Parallel I/O is slower than serial I/O
What is the main purpose of segmentation in memory management?
Dividing memory into large segments for easier functional management
Dividing memory into smaller pages
Increasing virtual memory capacity
Accelerating peripheral device access
What does virtualization architecture in IBM System 370 enable?
Increasing processing speed
Running multiple operating systems on one computer
Reducing memory size
Supporting parallel I/O
How does symmetric multiprocessing (SMP) enhance system performance?
Using one CPU to execute multiple instructions simultaneously
Using multiple CPUs to execute instructions in parallel
Reducing power consumption
Increasing cache memory size
Why is L1 cache faster than L2 and L3 cache?
Because it is further from the CPU
Because it is closest to and often integrated into the CPU
Because it has a larger capacity than L2 and L3
Because it can store more instructions
What is the main feature of L2 cache?
Storing data that is not in L1 cache
Storing long-term data and instructions of the CPU
Only storing CPU instructions
Having smaller capacity than L1 cache
Where is L3 cache located in the system?
Closest to the CPU
Between the CPU and RAM
The furthest from the CPU among cache levels
Integrated into the CPU
What is the main purpose of using multiple levels of cache (L1, L2, L3)?
Increasing main memory capacity
Optimizing performance by providing multiple levels of fast data access
Reducing CPU production costs
Increasing the number of CPU instructions
What is CPU interconnection?
Temporary memory for the CPU
Connecting internal components within the CPU and facilitating communication between them
Connecting the CPU to peripheral devices
Connecting the CPU to main memory
What is the function of virtual memory?
Speeding up CPU processing
Combining physical and virtual memory to use more memory than physically available
Increasing CPU capacity
Reducing cache size
How do peripheral devices interact with the computer?
Through main memory
Through the central processing unit (CPU)
Through the I/O mechanism
Through cache memory
In IBM System 370, what allows it to run old programs without modification?
Multitasking
Backward compatibility
Paging memory management
L2 cache
What is the role of the control unit in the CPU?
Performing arithmetic operations
Controlling the operations of the CPU and the entire computer
Temporarily storing data
Speeding up data access
What is the function of a multicore processor?
Enabling the CPU to handle multiple tasks in parallel due to multiple cores
Reducing CPU size
Increasing cache memory size
Increasing compatibility with peripheral devices
What is the main difference between main memory and cache memory?
Main memory is faster than cache memory
Cache memory is smaller and faster than main memory
Main memory has a smaller capacity than cache memory
Main memory only temporarily stores data
What is the function of instruction cache (I-cache) in the L1 cache level?
Storing frequently used data
Storing instructions waiting to be executed
Speeding up access to main memory
Controlling the execution of multiple instructions
What is the function of Data Cache (D-Cache) in the L1 cache level?
Storing CPU instructions
Storing data required by instructions
Reducing CPU power consumption
Increasing virtual memory capacity
What is a Multicore Processor typically used for?
Reducing power consumption
Increasing the number of instructions the CPU can execute simultaneously
Performing multiple tasks in parallel
Increasing main memory size
What is the benefit of Symmetric Multiprocessing (SMP) in computer systems?
Using multiple CPUs to perform parallel tasks, increasing performance
Reducing interaction between the CPU and cache memory
Increasing virtual memory capacity
Reducing the number of instructions the CPU needs to process
What is the main function of Data Movement in IBM System 370?
Processing data from the cache
Transferring data between peripheral devices and the computer
Temporarily storing data
Controlling signals between the CPU and peripheral devices
What role does memory management play in a multitasking system?
Sharing memory among multiple processes to execute simultaneously
Increasing cache memory size
Reducing the number of instructions the CPU needs to process
Increasing CPU speed
What is the function of Registers in the CPU during instruction processing?
Temporarily storing data and instructions for quick CPU access
Connecting peripheral devices to the CPU
Increasing the main memory capacity
Reducing power consumption
Why does the IBM System 370 architecture support Symmetric Multiprocessing (SMP)?
To execute sequential tasks
To use multiple CPUs to perform parallel instructions
To increase cache memory size
To reduce the number of instructions in the instruction set
What is the function of Control in IBM System 370?
Controlling signals from the cache
Temporarily processing data
Managing system resources and controlling system operations
Connecting CPUs with each other
What is the function of cores in a Multicore Architecture?
Reducing CPU size
Increasing the number of instructions the CPU can execute in one cycle
Performing parallel tasks, with each core acting as a separate processing unit
Connecting peripheral devices to the CPU
What is Instruction Set Architecture (ISA) in computer architecture?
The set of instructions the CPU can execute
The main memory in the CPU
Temporary cache memory in the CPU
A set of peripheral devices connected to the CPU
How do CISC (Complex Instruction Set Computer) and RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computer) differ?
CISC uses fewer instructions than RISC
ISC has a more complex and diverse instruction set, while RISC focuses on simpler and faster instructions
RISC has a more complex instruction set than CISC
RISC requires more resources than CISC
How does the number of bits used by the CPU to execute instructions affect the computer system?
Affects data access speed
Affects the amount of data and memory addresses that can be processed in one execution
Reduces cache memory capacity
Increases CPU processing speed
In IBM System 370, what is the main function of Data Processing?
Moving data from the cache
Processing data in various forms
Temporarily storing data
Controlling signals from peripheral devices
What is the role of Main Memory in a computer system?
Only storing CPU instructions
Temporarily storing data for CPU access
Controlling signals between peripheral devices
Increasing cache memory capacity
How does Cache Memory improve system performance?
Reducing the number of instructions the CPU needs to execute
Temporarily storing frequently accessed data and instructions, reducing access time to main memory
Increasing main memory capacity
Connecting the CPU to peripheral devices
What is the main function of the L3 cache level?
Increasing CPU processing speed
Storing data that is not in L1 or L2, acting as the final storage level before the CPU accesses main memory
Storing CPU instructions
Connecting peripheral devices to the CPU
Why does the CPU need multiple cache levels like L1, L2, and L3?
To optimize performance by providing multiple levels of fast data access with reasonable cost and design
To increase main memory size
To reduce power consumption
To connect the CPU to peripheral devices
What type of technology did first-generation computers use?
Transistors
Integrated circuits
Vacuum tubes
Microprocessors
The IAS computer was designed based on the ideas of which mathematician?
Alan Turing
John von Neumann
Gordon Moore
Steve Jobs
In which year was the IAS computer completed?
1945
1950
1952
1964
How many bits long is the instruction word in the IAS machine?
32
40
64
128
How many bits long is the opcode in an instruction word?
8
12
16
25
What is the function of an opcode?
Store the data address
Specify the operation to be performed
Perform multiplication operations
Specify the address of the next instruction
What type of technology did second-generation computers use?
Transistors
Vacuum tubes
Integrated circuits
Microprocessors
The transistor was invented in which lab?
Bell Labs
Fairchild
IBM
Intel
In which year was the integrated circuit first invented?
1947
1950
1958
971
How were electronic components manufactured before integrated circuits?
Cheap and compact
Expensive and bulky
Easy and fast
Low energy consumption
Moore’s Law predicts that the number of transistors on a chip will double every how many years?
1 year
2
3
6
What is the benefit of Moore’s Law?
Computers become smaller and more energy-efficient
Increased production costs
Computers become larger and slower
Reduced memory density
In which year was IBM System 360 launched?
1958
1964
1971
1980
The first semiconductor memory produced by Fairchild could store how many bits?
128 bits
256 bits
512 bits
1024 bits
Which was the first microprocessor developed by Intel?
Intel 4004
Intel 8008
Intel 8080
Intel X86
The 8008 microprocessor was how many bits?
4-bit
8-bit
16-bit
32-bit
Which microprocessor was the first to integrate all the CPU components on one chip?
Intel 4004
ARM
DEC PDP-8
IBM System 360
What is an embedded system?
Multi-tasking computer
A compact system designed for a specific task
Personal computer
Supercomputer
In a deeply embedded system, what does the microcontroller include?
CPU and memory
CPU only
CPU, memory, and I/O mechanisms
I/O only
Once a program is loaded into the ROM of a deeply embedded system, can it be changed?
Yes
. No
Can be changed depending on the situation
Can only be changed with special software
What type of architecture does the ARM processor belong to?
CISC
RISC
Hybrid
Harvard
The ARM chip was designed by which company?
Intel
IBM
ARM Holding
Fairchild
The IAS computer was the prototype of which type of computer?
General-purpose computer
Single-purpose computer
Pocket computer
Personal computer
How many instructions can an instruction word in the IAS machine store?
1 instruction
2 instructions
3 instructions
4 instructions
What did integrated circuits improve?
Size and cost
Size and speed
Cost and energy
All of the above
What is the term used when the CPU can execute two instructions in parallel in the IAS machine architecture?
Sequential Execution
Parallel Execution
Simultaneous Execution
Pipelining
What is it called when the CPU processes instructions in order from left to right in the IAS machine architecture?
Parallel Execution
Random Execution
Sequential Execution
Direct Execution
Which register in the CPU holds temporary data that is read or written to memory?
Memory Address Register (MAR)
Memory Buffer Register (MBR)
Instruction Buffer Register (IBR)
Accumulator (AC)
Which register holds the address of the memory location to be read or written?
Memory Buffer Register (MBR)
Memory Address Register (MAR)
nstruction Register (IR)
. Program Counter (PC)
Which register stores the current instruction being executed?
Instruction Register (IR)
Program Counter (PC)
Accumulator (AC)
Instruction Buffer Register (IBR)
Which register temporarily stores the next instructions to be executed?
Memory Buffer Register (MBR)
Instruction Buffer Register (IBR)
Instruction Register (IR)
Program Counter (PC)
Which register contains the address of the next instruction to be executed?
Program Counter (PC)
Accumulator (AC)
Instruction Register (IR)
Multiplier Quotient Register (MQ)
Which register stores the temporary results of calculations?
Memory Buffer Register (MBR)
Accumulator (AC)
Program Counter (PC)
nstruction Buffer Register (IBR)
Which register stores the result of multiplication and division operations?
Memory Address Register (MAR)
Multiplier Quotient Register (MQ)
Accumulator (AC)
Memory Buffer Register (MBR)
What technology was used in third-generation computers?
Transistor
Vacuum Tubes
Integrated Circuits
Microprocessor
The IBM System 360 is an example of a computer from which generation?
First Generation
Second Generation
Third Generation
Fourth Generation
In what year was the first integrated circuit invented?
1947
1958
1965
1971
What is the process of manufacturing transistors before integrated circuits called?
Production Fabrication
Integrated Process
Discrete Components
Circuitry Layout
When was the IBM System 360 launched?
1958
1964
1971
1980
What is common to all models of the IBM System 360?
Same memory
Same instruction set and operating system
Same number of I/O ports
Same size
What does Moore’s Law predict about the development of microprocessor chips?
Doubling in size every 2 years
Doubling in the number of transistors every 2 years
Halving in price every year
Maintaining production cost while reducing size
What was characteristic of the first semiconductor memory produced by Fairchild?
Non-destructive
Slower than core memory
Very large and bulky
Expensive
What was the first microprocessor to contain all components of the CPU on one chip?
Intel 4004
Intel 8080
ARM
IBM System 360
How many bits was the Intel 4004 microprocessor?
4-bit
8-bit
16-bit
32-bit
What is the Intel 8080 microprocessor known for?
Being the first 4-bit microprocessor
Being the first 16-bit microprocessor
. Being the first general-purpose microprocessor
Being the fastest microprocessor
ARM is a microprocessor architecture based on which principle?
CISC
RISC
Hybrid
Harvard
Embedded systems are typically used in which devices?
Personal computers
Multi-tasking computers
Consumer electronic devices
Mainframes
ARM was designed by which company?
Intel
Fairchild
ARM Holding
IBM
Why can’t deeply embedded systems be reprogrammed?
Because they do not have a CPU
Because they do not have memory
Because instructions are loaded into ROM
Because they do not have I/O
ARM is a popular architecture in which type of system?
Personal computers
Embedded systems
Supercomputers
Servers
