What type of reference book provides a comprehensive overview of various subjects, often with articles arranged alphabetically?

Which resource would be best for someone looking to find definitions and meanings of words?

If someone is interested in statistical data and yearly events, which type of publication should they consult?

My cousin Anna wants to know the synonym of the word amiable.

What is the term for a book that lists words and their meanings, often used for language learning?

If someone wants to learn about historical events in a chronological format, which resource would be most appropriate?

My mother wants to get information about the Queens of England. 

My brother wants to learn about the traditions observed by   the people in Benguet.

My sister wants to gain knowledge on the festivities and rituals observed each month of the year.