infrastructure put in place to ensure that seamless and reliable communication

includes mobile devices or device components that receive or access the service of mobility

the actual program that runs on the mobile hardware (i.e., the operating system of the appliance)

sending and receiving signals at the same time in wireless network

user should be able to move from one physical location to another location and use the same service

user should be able to move from one network to another network and use the same service

user should be able to move from one bearer to another while using the same service

user should be able to move from one device to another and use the same service

a user session should be able to move from one user-agent environment to another

user should be able to move from one service to another

user should be able to move while the device is a host computer

involves the transmission of information over a distance without the help of wires, cables or any other forms of electrical conductors

connecting and communicating between two or more devices using a wireless signal through wireless communication technologies and devices

Which of the following is not an application of wireless communication?

any medium that can carry information from a source to a destination

those that provide a wired channel from one device to another

an electrical or electromagnetic current that is used for carrying data from one device or network to another

one in which the signal intensity varies in a smooth fashion over time

is one in which the signal intensity maintains a constant level for some period of time and then changes to another constant level

a function of time, but it can also be expressed as a function of frequency; that is, the signal consists of components of different frequencies

frequency; that is, the signal consists of components of different frequencies.

an analog or digital signal pattern that repeats over time

an analog or digital signal pattern that doesn't repeat over time

maximum value or strength of the signal over time

rate, in cycles per second, or Hertz (Hz), at which the signal repeats

measurement of the relative position in time within a single period of a signal

distance occupied by a single cycle of the signal

TRUE or FALSE: analog data take on continuous values while digital data take on discrete values

is a continuously varying electromagnetic wave that may be propagated over a variety of media, depending on frequency

a sequence of voltage pulses that may be transmitted over a copper wire medium

in this view, signals lie in the frequency range. theoretically, signals are composed of many sinusoidal signals with different frequencies

the rate in bits per second (BPS) at which data can be communicated

the rate of which a 1 is received when a 0 is transmitted or vice versa

cable type: separately insulated, twisted together

cable type: ordinary telephone wired, less expensive than its counterpart, weak immunity against noise and interferences, most used in two categories: cat-3 and cat-5

cable type: an extra metallic shield on each pair, relatively more expensive, and performs better than its counterpart

cable type: outer conductor is braided shield, inner conductor is solid metal, separated by insulating material, used in television, long distance telephone communication, high bandwidth and excellent noise immunity

amplitude is measured in ___

cable type: glass or plastic core, laser or light-emitting diode (LED), small size and weight, used in high bandwidth network, high data rate and lower attenuation

transmit electromagnetic waves without using a physical conductor

formula: noiseless channel (nyquist bit rate)

formula: noisy channel (shannon capacity)

cable type: twisted pairs consisting of two insulated wires gently twisted together

cable type: similar to category 3 pairs, but with more twists per centimeter, which results in less crosstalk and a better-quality signal over longer distances, making them more suitable for high-speed computer communication

cable type: are capable of handling signals with bandwidths of 250 MHz

cable type: are capable of handling signals with bandwidths of 600 MHz

radio waves are ___, meaning meaning that they travel in all directions from the source, so the transmitter and receiver do not have to be carefully aligned physically

easy to generate, can travel long distances, and can penetrate buildings easily, so they are widely used for communication, both indoors and outdoors

use directional antennas - point to point line of sight communications

microwave is used for ___ communication such as cellphones or satellite networks

can be used for short-range communication in a closed area using line-of-sight propagation

TRUE or FALSE: infrared waves pass through solid objects

can be categories by their size as well as their purpose

a computer network that interconnects computers within a limited area such as a residence, school, laboratory, university campus or office building (1 to 5 km)

a computer network that interconnects with computer in a metropolitan area like city; also used to interconnection of several local area network (5 to 100 km)

a computer network that exists over a large-scale geographical area (beyond 100 km)

a computer network that interconnects hundreds of millions of computing devices throughout the world

defines the connection of different network segments together and the process to transmit the data packets across the network

a dedicated channel has to be established before the call is made between users and the channel is reserved between the users till the connection is active

it is not required to establish the connection initially and the connection/channel is available to use by users, but when traffic or number of users increases then it will lead to congestion in the network

defines rules and conventions for communication between network devices

key feature of protocols: includes control info for coordination and error handling

key feature of protocols: includes speed matching and sequencing

key feature of protocols: concerns the format of the data blocks

refer to the computer systems that request servers for the completion of a task

the computer systems that receive requests from the clients and process them

a group of computers is connected together so that users can share resources and information

a system where one or more computers called clients connect to a central computer named a server to share or use resources

based on a proposal developed by the International Standards Organization (ISO) as a first step toward international standardization of the protocols used in the various layers; deals with connecting open systems

responsible for movements of individual bits from one hop (node) to the next

is responsible for moving frames from one hop (node) to the next

responsible for the delivery of individual packets from the source host to the destination host

responsible for the delivery of a message from one process to another

responsible for dialog control and synchronization

responsible for translation, compression, and encryption

responsible for providing services to the user

is the engine for the Internet and networks worldwide; a set of protocols developed to allow cooperating computers to share resources across the network

an interconnected set of networks may appear simply as a larger network

internet used by single organization that provides the key Internet application, especially the World Wide Web; an intranet operates within the organization for internal purpose and can exist as an isolated, self-contained internet, or may have links to the internet

a device attached to one of the networks of an internet that is used to support end-user application or services

a device used to connect two networks and permit communication between end systems attached to different networks

a type of computer network device that provides interconnection with other bridge networks that use the same protocol; also known as Layer 2 switches

is a device that analyzes the contents of data packets transmitted within a network or to another network