what square screen mesh size should fine aggregates pass through

Sand should be measured on what basis

how many minimum days is the curing for plain cement

This is a form of concrete that is prepared, cast and cured off-site, usually in a controlled factory environment, using reusable moulds.

is a structural material that allows for predetermined, engineering stresses to be placed in members to counteract the stresses that will occur when they are subject to loading.

is a term applied to the chemical process that describes a change in the state of materials, usually as they turn from liquid (or semi-liquid) to solid.

are stones used in concrete mixing that are bigger than 1/4" in diameter

dimensions of a standard slump cone used for slump testing

which type of cement is used for finishing the walls

which type of cement is used for Joining masonry

the building of structures from individual units, which are often laid in and bound together by mortar

which dimension varies in concrete masonry units (CHB)

is the simplest of the six patterns, consisting of all stretchers. Because the bond has no headers, metal ties usually form the structural bond.

consists of alternating courses of headers and stretchers. The headers center over and under the stretchers. However, the joints between stretchers in all stretcher courses do not align vertically.

is purely a pattern bond, with no overlapping units and all vertical joints aligning.

common thickness of air cavity for brick veneer walls

walls are retaining walls built by stacking stone in a cage or basket that can serve many purposes but are most often used to create tiered or leveled ground in gardens.

type of steel typically used for roofing, flashing, and gutter

what type of finish can be seen on the image. This is based on the specific ability of aluminum to develop a protective coating of oxide on its surface.

steels to which manganese, silicon, aluminum, titanium, and molybdenum have been added

steels to which a protective layer of zinc is applied

is a method to join metals, to make electrical connections, to seal joints hermetically them in with another, lower melting metal or alloy called the ______.

is a shortened word form of reinforcing bar, which is a bar typically made of steel that is used to reinforce concrete and to improve its tensile strength.

type of wood that comes from conifers (evergreens) which have needles instead of leaves, (e.g. pine)

type of wood that comes from the broad-leaved or deciduous trees. Most Philippine timber are of this kind

The older, harder central portion of a tree.

The softer, younger outer portion of a tree that lies between the cambium (formative layer just under the bark) and the inner wood of a tree

classification of lumber that is less than 2" thick and less than 8" wide

classification of lumber that has 5" as the smallest dimension

Meaning of S4S

type of seasoned wood where heat/ steam is used to drive out moisture

construction: it is made of several thin plies, or veneers, of wood that have been glued together.

This is a paneling material made by reducing and refining wood chips into small, threadlike fibers, and then pressing them under heat in hydraulic pressure into dense, smooth, and very rigid panels.

finishing materials made from vegetable fibers such as corn or sugarcane stalks pressed into sheets. It is not very strong but has good insulating properties therefore it is usually used for ceiling only.

It is designed to be used without addition of plaster for walls, ceilings or partitions. It is extensively used in “dry-wall” construction, where plaster is eliminated

type of synthetic resin plastic that is Soften when heated and harden when cooled regardless of the number of times the process is repeated.

type of synthetic resin plastic that is set into shape permanently when heat and pressure are applied during the forming stage.

these are Used as flotation material, thermal insulators, and shock-resistant mountings. Offers possibilities for lightweight materials of high strength.

is the process applied to paper or fabric impregnated with thermosetting resins.

this is the process when Alum and soap mixtures are applied in alternate mixtures of concrete for waterproofing

and soap mixtures are applied in alternate mixtures of concrete for waterproofing

Surrounding the concrete with layers of waterproofing materials. Layers of waterproofing materials used in this method range from ordinary tar paper laid with coal-tar pitch to asbestos or asphalted felt laid in asphalt.

length of corrugated galvanized iron sheets being commonly used

It is a black substance available in solid, semi-solid, or liquid states at normal temperatures. used for sealing built-up roofing, and joints and cracks of concrete pavements.

what material produced by fusing silica together with a flux and a stabilizer into a mass that cools to a rigid condition without crystallization.

manufacture by pouring molten glass onto a surface of molten tin and allowing it to cool slowly.

is formed by rolling molten glass into a plate that is subsequently ground and polished after cooling. Provides virtually clear, undistorted vision

glass is cooled slowly to relieve internal stresses.

is annealed glass that is reheated to just below the softening point and then rapidly cooled to induce compressive stresses in the surfaces and edges of the glass and tensile stresses in the interior. When fractured, it breaks into relatively harmless pebble-sized particles.

also called safety glass, consists of two or more plies of flat glass bonded under heat and pressure to interlayers of polyvinyl butyral resin that retains the fragments if the glass is broken.

is flat or patterned glass having a square or diamond wire mesh embedded within it to prevent shattering in the event of breakage or excessive heat.

is a glass unit consisting of two or more sheets of glass separated by a hermetically sealed air space to provide thermal insulation and restrict condensation;

type of nail used for concrete

are metal fasteners having tapered, helically threaded shanks and slotted heads, designed to be driven into wood or the like by turning,

Bolts are threaded metal pins or rods, usually having a head at one end, designed to be inserted through holes in assembled parts and secured by a mating nut.

bolts are anchor bolts having a split casing that expands mechanically to engage the sides of a hole drilled in masonry or concrete.

type of concrete surface finish that is a mortar consisting of cement, sand and water.

Concrete surfaces may be finished by tooling by any of the methods employed for dressing or finishing natural stone.

when should sand blasting be done on concrete

gives the concrete a smooth & texture-free finish. done after wood floating

tile used commonly for gyms and fitness centers. it is one of the quietest floor finishes but is resistant to soap, oil and many household solvents

This type of flooring consists of tongue-and-grooved (T&G) boards 6” or less in width.

are added to the vehicle of paints containing drying oils to accelerate the hardening of paint by speeding the union of the oil with oxygen from the air.

Marked by irregular wavy lines that texture an otherwise smooth finish film.

an advance state of checking, varying in degree to a coarse texturing of the finish film.

evidenced by surface dusting and rapid thinning of the film, sometimes to bare wood. Caused by improper formulation or paint application.

is a lightweight and insulating walling cement product that is lower in cost and faster to install than conventional alternatives such as concrete hollow blocks. It is made of cement and sand mortar and infused with micro air bubbles.

A class of rock composed of cemented silica grains. Colors include gray, buff, light brown and red.

Metamorphic rock, one that has been changed from its original structure in this case, limestone and dolomite have been recrystallized.

what is the proportion for the concrete used for underwater retaining walls