Worksheets8th grade staar 2024-2025
Total questions: 225
Worksheet time: 6hrs 54mins
In the equation above, how many atoms are in the oxygen molecule?
2Mg + O2 --> 2MgO
0
1
2
3
According to the Chemical Compounds table above, how many total atoms are in Glucose?
3
18
24
432
According to the Chemical Compounds table above, how many atoms of hydrogen are in Ethanol?
0
2
5
6
Refer to the Chemical Compounds table above. How many total elements are in Ethanol? Record your answer. Be sure to use the correct place value.
Use your periodic table and the figure below to answer the following question.
Name the element(s) within the figure.
Oxygen and Hydrogen
Oxygen and Helium
Oxygen, Hydrogen and Helium
Water
Gold is represented by the symbol Au on the Periodic Table of the Elements.
This allows us to infer that gold is:
a compound.
a pure substance.
made of synthetic atoms.
made of elements found on the Periodic Table.
How many atoms are in one molecule of baking soda, NaHCO3? Record your answer. Be sure to use the correct place value.
Which of the following formulas contain the same number of oxygen atoms?
Multi-select
I
II
III
IV
V
The chemical formula for methane is CH4.
Which statement describes the atoms present in FOUR molecules of methane?
Four molecules of methane would contain 1 atom of carbon and 4 atoms of hydrogen.
Four molecules of methane would contain 4 atoms of carbon and 1 atom of hydrogen.
Four molecules of methane would contain 4 atoms of carbon and 16 atoms of hydrogen.
Four molecules of methane would contain 16 atoms of carbon and 16 atoms of hydrogen.
Classify each of the following pure substances as an element or a compound.
ZnO
Cl
C6H12O6
P
H2
Sodium sulfate (Na2SO4) is used to produce many products.
Which elements are represented in the formula?
Sodium
Sulfer
Oxygen
Nitrogen
Nickle
Sodium sulfate (Na2SO4) is used to produce many products.
how many atoms of each element are represented in the formula?
2 sodium, 4 sulfur, 4 oxygen
A balanced chemical equation is shown.
How many different elements are in the chemical equation?
2
4
13
50
Oxygen and oxygen-containing compounds are involved in many different reactions. Which balanced equation represents a reaction that involves 14 atoms of oxygen?
A compound secreted by honeybees to paralyze intruders in their hive is known as 2-heptanone. The formula for this compound is shown.
CH3C4H8COCH3
How many atoms of each element are in one molecule of 2-heptanone?
4 carbon atoms, 11 hydrogen atoms, and 1 oxygen atom
7 carbon atoms, 14 hydrogen atoms, and 1 oxygen atom
7 carbon atoms, 11 hydrogen atoms, and 8 oxygen atoms
6 carbon atoms, 14 hydrogen atoms, and 3 oxygen atoms
Which chemical reaction involves the fewest oxygen atoms?
The table shows the chemical formulas for four substances.
Which substances have the same number of carbon atoms?
Multi-select
Substance 1
Substance 2
Substance 3
Substance 4
In which of these compounds are there twice as many oxygen atoms as hydrogen atoms?
H3PO4
H2SO4
HClO3
H2O
Which of these formulas contain equal numbers of nitrogen atoms?
Multi-Select
Formula I
Formula II
Formula III
Formula IV
Formula V
How many sodium atoms are produced in one sodium oxide molecule?
one
two
three
four
Choose the correct answer from each drop-down about the following chemical reaction.
(a) reacts with (b) to produce (c)
The chemical equation above demonstrates that —
matter cannot be created or destroyed by a chemical reaction
the reactants are the same substances as the products
the number of molecules in the reactants is equal to the number of molecules in the products
the atoms on the reactants side are changed into different atoms on the products side
Which of the following models best demonstrates the law of conservation of mass?
How can a student determine that a chemical reaction demonstrates the law of conservation of mass?
Students can compare the products and reactants to determine if the same molecules are present before and after the reaction.
Students can compare the mass of the products and reactants to determine if the mass is the same before and after the reaction.
Students can compare the products and reactants to determine if the same number of molecules are present before and after the reaction.
Students can compare the products and reactants to determine if the same elements are present before and after the reaction.
An equation for a chemical reaction is shown.
Which statement provides evidence that mass is conserved in the reaction?
Two new substances are formed in the products.
Water is one of the products, but not one of the reactants.
Two hydrogen atoms are in the reactants, and two hydrogen atoms are in the products.
One chlorine atom pairs with one sodium atom in the products, and one chlorine atom pairs with one hydrogen atom in the reactants.
Below is the chemical equation for photosynthesis. Identify below how many atoms of each element exist before and after photosynthesis occurs.
Before the chemical reaction:
Carbon (C) (a) ; Oxygen (O) (b) ; Hydrogen (H) (c)
After the chemical reaction:
Carbon (C) 6 ; Oxygen (O) (d) ; Hydrogen (H) (e)
The chemical equation below explains how salt (sodium chloride) is produced from sodium and chlorine atoms.
What is the mass of the remaining reactants and products needed to show conservation of mass?
A chemical equation for the reaction between calcium hydroxide, Ca(OH)2, and sulfuric acid, H2SO4 is shown. The masses of some of the reactants and products are given in grams.
How many grams of sulfuric acid were used in the reaction?
62 g
98 g
36 g
100 g
Two solutions are mixed and react to produce the solid precipitate AgCl. The chemical reaction is shown by the balanced chemical equation.
AgNO3 + NaCl AgCl + NaNO3
What happens to the total mass as the reaction takes place?
The mass increases.
The mass decreases.
The mass remains constant.
The mass first decreases and then increases.
Hydrogen decomposes quickly when exposed to light. The reaction for decomposing hydrogen peroxide is:
What is the mass of H2O in the reaction above?
66.99 g
24.11 g
21.44 g
48.22 g
A student placed 2 grams of baking soda in a balloon and 100 mL of vinegar in an Erlenmeyer flask. The mass of all materials was 180.34 grams prior to the investigation. After stretching the opening of the balloon across the neck of the flask, the student raised it to dump the baking soda into the flask. He immediately observed foaming bubbles in the flask and the balloon began to expand. The student found the mass of all materials was still 180.34 grams after the investigation.
The student concluded that —
only a physical change was occurring
the baking soda and vinegar were products of a chemical reaction
the gas was oxygen
mass was conserved in a closed system because the gas could not escape the balloon
In the chemical reaction, calcium carbonate (CaCO3) was heated to form two new substances: calcium oxide (CaO) and carbon dioxide (CO2).
CaCO3 CaO + CO2
A student heated 24.8 g of CaCO3. After the reaction, they measured 13.9 g of CaO.
What was the mass of the CO2 gas that escaped during the reaction?
10.9 g
38.7 g
1.78 g
24.8 g
A student is pushing two blocks on a smooth, frictionless surface.
What force is required in order to produce an acceleration of 2.5 m/s2?
12 N
30 N
50 N
75 N
The diagram shows two arrows that represent the directions of two forces acting on a 1-kilogram ball. The arrows do not represent amounts of force, they only represent the directions of the two forces.
How should the diagram be labeled if the ball is accelerating to the west at a rate of 1 m/s2?
An unbalanced force of 32 newtons is shown acting on an 8.0-kilogram object. Based on this information, complete the sentence to predict the motion of the object.
Enter your answer in the box. Your answer must be a whole number.
As long as the force acts on the object, the object will continue to move toward the east and its velocity will increase by (a) m/s every second.
The crate will move (a) with a magnitude of (b) on the crate.
Carts of different masses are pulled along a flat surface. The table shows some variables for each cart.
Which two carts experience the same net force?
Carts 1 and 2
Carts 1 and 3
Carts 2 and 3
Carts 2 and 4
Four students designed and built air propelled rockets that were launched into the air. Their data are recorded in the table.
Which rocket had the greatest acceleration?
Rocket 1
Rocket 2
Rocket 3
Rocket 4
The diagram shows a duck swimming in a stream in the opposite direction the stream is flowing. The duck pushes against the water, so the water pushes the duck forward with 20 newtons of force. The water also exerts 15 newtons of resistive force against the duck.
Which statement best describes the resulting motion of the duck?
The duck will stop moving.
The duck will stop and then start moving again.
The duck will continue moving in its current direction.
The duck will move in the direction that the stream is flowing.
The motion of an object is shown in the graph.
Which statements are supported by the graph?
Select TWO correct answers.
An unbalanced force acts on the object between 1 and 2 seconds.
The object's velocity increases between 4 and 5 seconds.
The object reaches its greatest acceleration between 4 and 5 seconds of motion.
The object's greatest speed occurs between 5 and 7 seconds.
An unbalanced force causes the object to increase its speed between 6 and 8 seconds.
Using F=ma, explain why a train is more difficult to start moving and more difficult to bring to a stop than an average sized car.
The mass of an object dictates how much (a) is needed to cause acceleration, including starting, stopping, speeding up, and slowing down. A train has (b) than a car. It takes more force to move an object with (c) , and it takes longer to bring it to a stop. The car with (d) is quicker to (e) and easier to bring to a stop.
A 2000 kg truck and a 500 kg car are racing. The same amount of force is applied to each of them.
Which statement below best describes the acceleration of the vehicles?
The truck will accelerate twice as fast.
The car will accelerate four times as fast.
The car will accelerate twice as fast.
The truck will accelerate four times as fast.
A student bounces a basketball off the gym floor.
Which statement correctly describes the action-reaction force pair that causes the ball to bounce?
The gym floor pushes up on the ball as the ball pushes down on the floor with an equal amount of force.
The gym floor pushes up on the ball with a greater amount of force than the ball pushes down on the floor.
The gym floor pushes up on the ball as gravity pulls down on the ball with an equal amount of force.
The gym floor pushes up on the ball with a greater amount of force than gravity pulls down on the ball.
The mass, applied force, and frictional force for four carts are shown in the table.
Part A
Based on the data table, which cart has the lowest acceleration?
Part B
Which statement BEST explains the correct answer to Part A?
The cart will have the lowest acceleration if it has a larger mass and its applied force and friction have the greatest sum.
The cart will have the lowest acceleration if it has a smaller mass and its applied force and friction have the greatest sum.
The cart will have the lowest acceleration if it has a larger mass and has the least difference between its applied force and friction.
The cart will have the lowest acceleration if it has a smaller mass and has the least difference between the applied force and friction.
A plastic tube is arranged on a lab tabletop as shown. A small sphere enters one end of the tube with enough speed to come out the other end of the tube.
Which diagram shows where the sphere will go first when it leaves the tube?
(a) are the forces affecting the block's motion before release. These forces affect the block's (b) (or change in velocity).
A researcher observes a car speeding up from rest. The researcher records data about the car and the car's motion.
Which data points can be used to calculate the net force that was acting on the car when it was speeding up?
Select TWO correct answers.
The car's mass is 1,000 kg.
The car's speed increased for 7 seconds.
The car started from rest.
The car's acceleration was 4 m/s2.
The car traveled a total of 300 m.
This question has two parts.
A player hits a baseball with a baseball bat.
Part A
Which statement about the forces between the ball and the bat is correct?
The force of the ball on the bat was less than the force of the bat on the ball.
The force of the ball on the bat was equal to the force of the bat on the ball.
The force of the ball on the bat was greater than the force of the bat on the ball.
Part B
Which statement BEST supports the answer to Part A?
Whenever two objects interact, the more massive object always applies a greater force than the less massive object.
Whenever two objects interact, the faster object always applies a greater force than the slower object.
Whenever two objects interact, they always apply equal and opposite forces on each other.
Whenever two objects interact, their forces always combine and are applied in the direction of the object that is moving the fastest.
A photograph of a bird perched on a fence post is shown.
Which description best identifies the action-reaction pair between the bird and the fence post?
Action: (a)
Reaction: (b)
During a lab investigation, students added four 50 g masses to two boxes and arranged the boxes so that they were motionless on a pulley, as shown in the diagram. The students then followed the procedure described in the box. The students recorded their observations after each procedure and reset the pulley system to the original conditions.
During which of the procedures did students observe an unbalanced upward force on Box 1?
Select TWO correct answers.
Procedure 1
Procedure 2
Procedure 3
Procedure 4
Procedure 5
A photograph of a bird perched on a fence post is shown.
Which description best identifies the action-reaction pair between the bird and the fence post?
Action: The force of the bird on the wires
Reaction: The force of the wires on the fence post
Action: The force of the wires on the wires
Reaction: The force of the bird on the fence post
Action: The force of the fence post on the bird
Reaction: The force of the bird on the wires
Action: The force of the bird on the fence post
Reaction: The force of the fence post on the bird
A steel ball is at one end of a box that is moving forward as shown. The box suddenly stops.
According to Newton’s first law, what happens to the steel ball just after the box stops?
Because of friction, the ball continues rolling forward at the same speed.
Because of friction, the ball rolls forward at an increased speed.
Because of inertia, the ball continues rolling forward at the same speed.
Because of inertia, the ball rolls forward at an increased speed.
The engine of a car with a mass of 1,500 kg is exerting a force of 4,500 N. What is the acceleration of the car?
______ m/s2
Which change could cause an apple hanging from a tree branch to fall?
loss of weight
removal of the upwards force opposing gravity
removal of gravitational force
loss of mass
A large safe falls from a window 30 m above the ground. Gravity exerts a downward force of 2,000 N on the safe, causing it to accelerate at 10 m/s2. What is the mass of the safe?
______ kg
Two trucks, one red and one blue, have identical engines that exert the same amount of force. The red truck is empty and has a mass of 2,000 kg. The blue truck is loaded and has a total mass of 4,000 kg, including its load. The trucks accelerate at the maximum rate their engines will allow. After 1 second, the red truck traveled 2 meters, and the blue truck traveled (a) meter(s). After 2 seconds, the red truck traveled 6 meters, and the blue truck traveled (b) meter(s). After 3 seconds, the red truck traveled 12 meters, and the blue truck traveled (c) meter(s). The (d) truck will have a greater acceleration due to its (e) mass.
Engineers are trying to calculate what size engine to put in a sports car that has a mass of 1,200 kg so that it can accelerate at a rate of 5 m/s2. Which force does the engine need to exert to reach the engineers’ goal?
_____ N
A force of 75 N acts on an object with a mass of 3.0 kg. What amount of mass would need to be ADDED to the object in order for the same force to cause it to accelerate at a rate of 15 m/s2?
_____kg
A rock falls off of a cliff and is pulled downward by the force of gravity. The force of gravity is constant and equals 20 N. The rock speed is (a) due to the (b) force of gravity (c) equals (d) times acceleration.
At first, the car accelerates, but the duck does not because the (a) force acting on the car is not yet acting on the duck. The duck is (b) with respect to the outside surroundings and (c) with respect to the car. The duck is the “object” in this statement of Newton’s first law of motion: “An object (d) tends to stay at rest unless acted on by an unbalanced force.”
Using a spring scale hooked to the elastic band, the student found the initial force on the rocket to be 10 N. What was the initial acceleration of the rocket?
(a) m/s2
The student wants to increase the initial acceleration to 150 m/s2. What amount of initial force should the student allow the elastic band to exert?
(b) N
Look closely at the graph.
Which measuring devices were used to collect the data plotted on this graph?
multi-select
meter stick
stopwatch
balance
thermometer
spring scale
Match the following laws of motion to their pictures
1st Law: Inertia
2nd Law: F=ma
3rd Law: Action/Reaction
Force =
Acceleration÷Mass
Mass÷Acceleration
Mass × Acceleration
Mass+Acceleration
Masss−Acceleration
Mass =
Force÷Acceleration
Acceleration÷Force
Force×Acceleration
Force+Acceleration
Mass−Acceleration
Acceleration =
Force÷Mass
Mass÷Force
Force×Mass
Force+Mass
Force−Mass
an object at rest stays at rest unless acted on by an unbalanced force
law of inertia
a soccer ball will not move unless it is kicked
force = mass x acceleration
law of acceleration
A full grocery cart requires more force to push than an empty cart
For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction
Law of Action-Reaction
A swimmer pushes back on the water and moves forward
an object in motion stays in motion unless acted on by an unbalanced force
objects will not change their state of motion without an external force
if no net force acts on an object, its velocity remains constant
Acceleration is directly proportional to the net force acting on an object
The greater the mass of an object, the more force is needed to accelerate it
When a car accelerates, the force applied to it is greater than the frictional force opposing it
A rocket propels itself forward by expelling gas in the opposite direction
A person jumps off a small boat and the boat moves backward
When you push against a wall, the wall pushes back with equal force
A group of students are going on a field trip to the Dallas Aquarium from Waco. The distance the students will travel is about 96 miles.
What would the average speed of the bus be if it took 1.5 hours to drive to Dallas?
Record your answer in the text box below.
(a)
The table shows the motion data for two objects during two trials of an investigation.
Which object travels at the greater average speed?
Object 1, because it travels the greater distance per unit of time
Object 1, because it travels the longer amount of time
Object 2, because it travels the shorter amount of time
Object 2, because it travels the shorter distance per unit of time
A horse trainer records the distance a horse travels during three different trials.
What is the horse’s average speed in kilometers per minute?
Record your answer in the boxes below. Be sure to use the correct place value.
(a)
A student graphed the position of a cart during a 7-second time interval.
Which statement best describes the cart?
The cart was stationary with a velocity of 0 m/s for the entire 7 seconds.
The cart was stationary except for a short burst of acceleration of 0.5 m/s2.
The cart moved at a constant velocity of 0.5 m/s for the entire 7 seconds.
The cart accelerated at a constant rate of approximately 0.8 m/s2.
A car drives down a long road. A graph of the car's motion is shown.
What was the car's average speed in kilometers per minute for the entire 14-minute trip?
12 km/min
0.86 km/min
0.23 km/min
1.17 km/min
Two students record the distance they each traveled in 60 seconds in the data table shown.
If the students continue at the same speed, which statement describes the total distance traveled after 90 seconds?
Student 1 traveled 40 m, and student 2 traveled 20 m.
Student 1 traveled 50 m, and student 2 traveled 30 m.
Student 1 traveled 60 m, and student 2 traveled 30 m.
Student 1 traveled 70 m, and student 2 traveled 25 m.
Speed and velocity help us understand the motion of objects around us.
Match each object's motion as speed or velocity.
Select ONE correct answer in each row.-
A runner completes a 400-meter lap around a circular track in 80 seconds. The runner starts and finishes at the same spot. What is the difference between speed and velocity in terms of distance, displacement, and direction in this scenario?
Choose the correct answer from each drop-down to complete the statement.
(a) refers to how fast the runner is moving based on the total distance of 400 meters regardless of direction. (b) takes into account the displacement and direction of the runner. The displacement is (c) because the runner ends up at the starting point.
A graph of an object’s motion during a 5-second time interval is shown.
Which statement correctly compares the object’s motion during the first 3 seconds and the last 2 seconds?
Both the speed and velocity change.
Both the speed and velocity stay the same.
The speed changes, but the velocity stays the same.
The velocity changes, but the speed stays the same.
What is the difference between the velocity and the speed of an object?
Velocity is the change in distance over time, while speed is the change in velocity over time.
Velocity has a direction associated with it, while speed has no specific direction.
Velocity has no direction associated with it, while speed has a specific direction.
Velocity is the change in speed over time, while speed is the change in distance over time.
The three vehicles shown below are all traveling at a speed of 15 m/s, but only the pickup truck has a changing velocity.
The pickup truck has a changing velocity because the pickup truck —
can accelerate faster than the other two vehicles
is traveling in the opposite direction from the other two vehicles
is traveling on a curve in the road
needs a large amount of force to move
A motorcycle travels 8.9 meters per second around a track. The dotted line shows the path of the motorcycle. The arrow shows the direction of the motorcycle at position 1.
Which comparison of the motorcycle's motion is correct?
At positions 1 and 3, the velocities are the same, but the accelerations are different.
At positions 1 and 4, the speeds are the same, but the velocities are different.
At positions 2 and 3, the accelerations are the same, but the velocities are different.
At positions 2 and 4, the velocities are the same, but the speeds are different.
A car initially traveling at 8.0 meters per second doubles its speed while traveling in a northeast direction.
Students used a table to record the initial and final conditions for speed and velocity. Which table is correct?
Which graph represents a baseball player accelerating away from a base located at the origin?
Students push a cart along a smooth floor and collect data to produce the graph shown.
The students use this data to determine and graph the velocity of the cart.
Which graph accurately represents the velocity of the cart?
A student graphs the motion of a toy car moving in a straight line over a 10-second time period.
Which statement BEST describes the motion of the car?
The car moved at a speed of 5 meters per second during the first 5 seconds and then moved at a slower speed during the next 5 seconds
The car moved at a speed of 5 meters per second during the first 5 seconds and then moved at a faster speed during the next 5 seconds.
The car moved at a speed of 1 meter per second during the first 5 seconds and then moved at a slower speed during the next 5 seconds.
The car moved at a speed of 1 meter per second during the first 5 seconds and then moved at a faster speed during the next 5 seconds.
A golfer collected data on the distance a golf cart traveled in a straight line and plotted it on a graph.
Which of these does NOT describe the cart’s motion on this graph?
The cart moved 24 m away from the starting point between 2 s and 5 s.
The cart moved toward the starting point at a speed of 3 m/s between 7 s and 12 s.
The cart moved 11 m toward the starting point between 8 s and 10 s.
The cart moved away from the starting point at a speed of 1 m/s for 2 s.
The graph shows the distance an object traveled in 11 seconds.
Which answer choice best describes the movement of the object between the times of 0 and 6 seconds on the graph?
Moving at a constant speed
Accelerating
Moving toward the north
Stopped
A student is walking laps around the school track. She walks two laps, maintaining a constant speed for the entire time. Which of the following graphs correctly shows the motion of the student?
Which of these graphs show an object speeding up?
During the moon phases shown in the image Earth will experience a -
Spring Tide
Neap Tide
During the moon phases shown in the image Earth will experience a -
Spring Tide
Neap Tide
During the moon phase shown in the image Earth will experience a -
Spring Tide
Neap Tide
During the moon phase shown in the image Earth will experience a -
Spring Tide
Neap Tide
During the moon phase shown in the image Earth will experience a -
Spring Tide
Neap Tide
During the moon phase shown in the image Earth will experience a -
Spring Tide
Neap Tide
A Hertzsprung-Russell (H-R) diagram is shown.
A star that has a luminosity of 10-2 and a temperature of 20,000 K is most likely a — (a)
(b)
he Hertzsprung-Russell diagram shown is divided into four sections.
Which section of the diagram includes the coolest, brightest stars?
Section 1
Section 2
Section 3
Section 4
The spectral classes of four stars are shown in comparison with a Hertzsprung-Russell diagram.
Based on the information, which star is most like the sun?
Star 1
Star 2
Star 3
Star 4
Which statement best describes a galaxy?
A cloud of gas that is the birthplace of stars
A system of billions of stars, gas, and dust held together by gravity
A ball of plasma that experiences nuclear fusion in its core
A mass of dust and ice that orbits a star in an elliptical pattern
Which statement about stars is correct?
Star formation begins in a nebula.
White dwarfs become main-sequence stars when they gain mass.
Supergiants are stars that can absorb black holes.
Main-sequence stars are formed by comets.
In November 2013 an object orbiting the sun seemed to disappear behind the sun. When a satellite did not detect the object, astronomers thought that the object had been destroyed when it passed close to the sun. However, when another satellite detected a small, bright object with a fan-shaped tail, astronomers proposed that the object was not destroyed.
What type of object were astronomers most likely observing?
A comet
An asteroid
A meteor
A nebula
Which statement about the sun is true?
It is the hottest star in the universe.
It is closer to Earth than any other star.
It is located in the center of the Milky Way galaxy.
It is the largest type of star known to exist.
Describe the Sun in terms of size.
Small
Medium
Large
Giant
Super Giant
Describe the Sun in terms of distance from Earth.
1 AU
2 AU
5 AU
10 AU
Describe the Sun in terms of location in the universe.
The Sun is located in the Milky Way galaxy in a spiral arm.
The Sun is located in the Milky Way galaxy in the bright center.
The Sun is located in the Andromeda galaxy in a spiral arm.
The Sun is located in the center of the universe.
A student learns that the sun is classified as a medium-size star and that many stars are much bigger and brighter. However, the student observes that other stars look very dim, even through a telescope.
Why do other stars look much dimmer than the sun?
The sun appears yellow, which is more visible than other colors.
The sun is much closer to Earth than other stars are.
Other stars are made up of different gases than the sun is.
As light from other stars travels through space, it gets reflected.
With the use of the Hubble Space Telescope, scientists recently discovered a giant runaway star. It is 90 times larger than the sun and is very hot and blue-white in color. Why does the sun appear to be brighter than this runaway star when viewed from Earth?
The sun is a different color than the runaway star.
The sun is older than the runaway star.
The sun is closer to Earth than the runaway star.
The sun is made of different elements than the runaway star.
Why does Earth get more energy from the sun than from all the other stars in the universe combined?
The sun is much larger than the other stars.
The sun is much hotter than the other stars.
The sun is much more dense than the other stars.
The sun is much closer than the other stars.
Quasars are extremely distant celestial bodies. Investigators using a special telescope determined that a certain quasar was emitting waves with a frequency of 1.41×109 Hz. An electromagnetic spectrum is shown.
What type of wave did the investigators most likely detect using a telescope?
Select the correct answer from the electromagnetic spectrum.
The temperature of a star determines the wavelength of visible light that is produced. The visible part of the electromagnetic spectrum is shown.
Stars with the highest temperatures will emit most of their light at wavelengths that are near —
red light
orange light
green light
blue light
Scientist theorize the Universe started with a "Big Bang." What evidence is there to support the Big Bang theory and explain how scientists use this evidence to support the theory? (match the evidence with how it supports the theory.)
Hubble's discovery in the 1920's of a relationship between a galaxy's distance from Earth and its speed
That meant that things farther away from Earth were moving away faster
The discovery in the 1960's of cosmic microwave background radiation
It is evidence of the radiation left over from the birth of the universe.
Bird poop on an atenna
It doesn't
A student draws models of Earth and the sun in different positions.
Which drawing should be used to represent summer in the Southern Hemisphere?
The map shows the route an airplane takes from Buenos Aires, Argentina, to Houston, Texas. A flight from Buenos Aires to Houston takes about 12 hours to complete.
A plane leaves Buenos Aires at 10:00 P.M. during a time when Earth's northern hemisphere is at its maximum tilt away from the sun. What is the season in Houston when the plane leaves AND what is the time of day in Buenos Aires when the plane lands?
Choose the correct answer from each drop-down menu to complete the statement.
The flight takes place when it is (a) in Houston.
When the plane lands in Houston, it will be (b) in Buenos Aires.
A student is modeling how sunlight affects different locations on Earth. The student uses a globe and a flashlight as shown.
Based on the model, which statement is correct?
Locations J and M will be experiencing daytime in 12 hours.
Locations K and L will be experiencing daytime in 24 hours.
Locations J and K will be starting to experience nighttime in 12 hours.
Locations L and M will be starting to experience nighttime in 24 hours.
The diagram shows Earth in its orbit around the sun when very little light is visible at Earth’s South Pole.
Which statement is true when Earth is in the position shown?
It is August in the Northern Hemisphere.
It is April in the Southern Hemisphere.
It is summer in the Northern Hemisphere.
It is winter in the Southern Hemisphere.
The number of hours of daylight is greater in the Southern Hemisphere than in the Northern Hemisphere.
Spring begins earlier in the year in the Southern Hemisphere than it does in the Northern Hemisphere.
Students in a science class in Marfa, Texas, made a poster with a diagram to represent a seasonal change in the Northern Hemisphere.
Which statement best describes conditions for Earth at Position 1 in the diagram?
There are an equal number of hours of daylight and nighttime in the Northern Hemisphere, and the North Pole is tilted away from the sun.
The Northern Hemisphere has the fewest hours of daylight, and Earth’s axis does not tilt at this position.
There are an equal number of hours of daylight and nighttime in the Northern Hemisphere because Earth’s axis is not tilted in this position.
The Northern Hemisphere has the fewest hours of daylight, and the North Pole is tilted away from the sun.
A student wants to use a spinning basketball to model the day-and-night cycle on Earth.
What should the student do in order to best model the cause of the day-and-night cycle?
Spin the ball in different directions
Tilt the ball while it is spinning
Paint one half of the ball black and the other half white
Shine a bright light on one side of the ball
A student wants to plan a family camping trip during a full moon. The student looks outside to see that the moon is currently in its first quarter phase.
About how many days does the student need to wait in order to go camping on the night of a full moon?
4 days
8 days
13 days
20 days
Using the graphic, identify the resulting tides from the positions of both the Sun and the moon.
Spring tides
Fall tides
Neap tides
Autumnal tides
Hypothesize the effect on Spring Tides if the Earth orbited the Sun at a distance of 2 Astronomical Units.
Spring Tides would be slightly lower at high tide level. The Sun’s gravitational pull would be reduced, but it does not impact the tides as much as the Moon’s gravitational pull.
Spring Tides would be dramatically higher. The Sun’s gravitational pull would be expressed over a greater distance causing more of the Earth’s water to react.
Spring Tides would be dramatically lower. The Sun’s gravitation pull is the dominant influence on water levels on Earth as a result of its large mass. With this mass further away from the Earth, the inverse square law describes a dramatic reduction in Earth’s high tides.
Spring Tides would be slightly higher at high tide. The Moon’s gravity would have greater influence without the competing gravitational field of the more-massive Sun.
Different relative positions of the sun, the moon, and Earth have different effects on Earth’s oceans. Which model shows the positions of the sun, the moon, and Earth that have the greatest effect on ocean tides?
The map below shows plate boundaries and the relative motion of the plates when compared to each other.
What geologic features are formed at locations X, Y, and Z?
Drag and drop ONE correct answer for each location.
Location X: (a)
Location Y: (b)
Location Z: (c)
Tectonic plate boundaries are shown in the diagram.
Which landforms are created by interactions at divergent plate boundaries?
Select TWO correct answers.
Which table correctly compares features of divergent plate boundaries and convergent plate boundaries?
A table that describes four separate geologic location is shown.
Which location is near a transform plate boundary?
Location A
Location B
Location C
Location D
The Olympic Mountains formed along the west coast of the United States at the boundary between the Juan de Fuca Plate and the North American Plate.
Which type of boundary MOST LIKELY exists between the Juan de Fuca Plate and the North American Plate?
Convergent boundary, where the plates are moving toward each other
Convergent boundary, where the plates are moving parallel to each other
Transform boundary, where the plates are moving closer to each other
Transform boundary, where the plates are sliding past each other
Two oceanic plates are shown in the image.
Which type of boundary results in the spreading of the oceanic ridge?
Social boundary
This picture shows scratches in bedrock that were caused by a moving glacier. These scratches are called glacial striations.
Glacial striations in the bedrock of South Africa indicate that glaciers once moved across the African continent. The presence of glaciers on the surface of Africa is evidence that —
the tectonic plate under Africa was closer to the South Pole at one time
the equator was not always where it is currently located
volcanoes did not exist until after faults occurred in Earth’s crust
the location of the North Pole and the South Pole changed
A teacher asks students to make a model of a transform plate boundary. The students use blocks to represent tectonic plates and slide the blocks past each other in the directions of the arrows as shown.
Which event can the students best demonstrate with their model?
An earthquake
A volcanic eruption
formation of a rift valley
Building up of a mountain
A
The photograph shows mountains in the Andes range in South America.
Which statement describes the geologic process that is most likely responsible for the formation of these mountains?
They are along a transform plate boundary that is no longer active, so erosion is creating deep valleys.
They are along a transform plate boundary in which plates are currently moving side by side, causing earthquakes and faults.
They are along a plate boundary in which plates are currently converging, causing uplift and steep slopes.
They are along a plate boundary in which plates diverged in the distant past, allowing new rock to build up.
A mid-ocean ridge is located at the boundary of two tectonic plates. Which diagram correctly models the relative plate motion on each side of a mid-ocean ridge?
Students use a topographic map to study the effects of erosion. The topographic map is shown.
What statement correctly explains where more eroded soil will collect?
More soil collects at area W because that area is a steep slope.
More soil collects at area X because that area is nearly level
More soil collects at area Y because that area is at the lowest level
More soil collects at area Z because that area is a depression
A topographic map is shown.
Which statements accurately describe features of the land represented by the topographic map?
Select TWO correct answers.
There is a stream.
There is a large valley.
There is a consistent slope.
There is one peak.
There is a river valley.
The satellite images show how the Padma River in Bangladesh has changed over time.
Which of these MOST LIKELY caused the changes in the shape of the Padma River?
The weathering of sediment within the river caused landslides along the riverbank.
Increased droughts caused weathering and erosion in areas surrounding the river.
The flow of the water in the river caused erosion along the riverbanks.
Decreased city development along the riverbanks caused an accumulation of sediment.
Hikers look at a topographic map of an area named Green Peak. The Green Peak area is made up of only limestone rock. The map is shown.
Which location around Green Peak is likely to experience the most erosion over time?
Location W, because location W has the gentlest slope
Location X, because location X is near the bottom of a slope
Location Y, because location Y has the steepest slope
Location Z, because location Z is the latest slope
The photograph shows a satellite view of the desert coast of Egypt and the Red Sea.
Researchers predict that in the future, the land area of point X will be reduced by erosion.
Which event will cause the most weathering and erosion to the land area at point X?
Increasing salinity of seawater near the land
Intense rays from the sun striking the land
Solids floating in seawater depositing on the land
Strong storm winds blowing across the land
A river area is shown on the topographic map. Four riverbank areas are labeled on the map.
Which two riverbanks are the steepest?
Scientists have found some of the same types of rock containing the same types of fossil species in Africa and Antarctica.
Which explanation does this information support?
Both continents gradually increased in size over time.
Both continents were attached by glacial ice millions of years ago
Both continents were attached but drifted away from each other over time.
Both continents were underwater millions of years ago.
Scientists recently discovered that rocks collected from the Franklin Mountains in West Texas and rocks collected from mountains in eastern Antarctica were exactly the same age. Further research showed that the rocks were chemically and geologically the same and came from the same magma source. This discovery provides evidence of —
coastal erosion
plate tectonics
ocean currents
glacial melting
giants swimming
Alfred Wegener’s theory of continental drift was widely disbelieved by fellow scientists at the time because he was NOT able to —
show others a map of the continents
fit all the continents together
explain the mechanism for the movement of continents
show others fossil evidence
Which scientist is credited for first proposing Continental Drift Theory?
Albert Einstein
Alfred Wegner
Abraham Ortelius
Harry Hess
Albus Dumbledore
A student models convection currents in a laboratory activity.
How are the convection currents in the student’s model different from the convection currents in Earth’s atmosphere and oceans?
The warm air in Earth’s atmosphere and the warm water in Earth’s oceans sink instead of rise.
The heat source for Earth’s atmosphere and oceans is the sun, which heats from above instead of below.
Convection cells in Earth’s atmosphere and oceans flow in the same direction instead of opposite directions.
Cold air in Earth’s atmosphere and cold water in Earth’s oceans are less dense than warm air and warm water instead of being more dense.
The Gulf Stream moves from the tropical latitudes up the eastern coast of the United States. After crossing the Atlantic Ocean it moves towards Britain in northwestern Europe. This results in Britain having a much warmer climate than the surrounding countries. What is the source for the contrasting climate?
Kinetic energy from the moving water produces the current.
Chemical reactions within the salty ocean water produce the Gulf Stream.
The heat from within the mantle of the earth produces warmer ocean currents.
Radiant energy from the Sun and the Coriolis Effect causes ocean currents to move in specific directions.
Which of the following does not explain the importance of the water cycle?
During the water cycle, water evaporates leaving behind dust and other pollutants.
The water cycle moves water from oceans, lakes, and seas, to land areas.
Without the water cycle all living organisms would die.
The water cycle constantly adds pollution to the air.
Which of the following best explains how energy is transferred from the Sun to Earth?
Red shifts
Density currents
Molecular collisions
Electromagnetic waves
why do air masses tend to travel from the polar regions toward the equator?
Convection
Coriolis Effect
Concoctions
Carnivorous Effect
Earth’s land areas, oceans, and atmosphere maintain fairly constant average temperatures. What is the best explanation for these constant average temperatures?
Earth’s Northern Hemisphere and Southern Hemisphere have opposite seasons.
Earth is tilted and rotates daily on its axis.
The continuous motion of air and water distributes the sun’s energy.
Global weather systems generally move from west to east.
Weather information is shown on the map.Which three locations likely have rain in their weather forecast? Select THREE correct answers.
2
3
4
5
6
Maps of predicted weather conditions are shown.
Which answer choice best describes the weather at location X on Day 1 and Day 2?
Day 1: warm and rainy
Day 2: cool with more rain
Day 1: warm and windy
Day 2: cloudy and cold
Day 1: clear and cool
Day 2 warm and rainy
Day 1: cold and rainy
Day 2: clear and sunny
The weather map shows air pressures in millibars.
Which set of conditions best describes the weather at the area of lowest air pressure?
Bright sun with no wind
Partly cloudy with no wind
Mostly sunny with light winds
Overcast skies with strong winds
The weather map shows the weather conditions for one day across the United States.
Based on the weather map, which city will most likely experience decreasing temperatures during the next 24 hours?
Denver, because it is raining there
Minneapolis, because a cold front is approaching
Atlanta, because a warm front is approaching
Houston, because it is in a high-pressure area
The air mass over the northwest part of Texas is an area of (a) ; therefore, the weather associated with it is (b) .
According to the above diagram, which words complete the sentence above?
If the weather map above shows today’s forecast, which city is least likely to have precipitation in the next 24 hours?
Portland
Chicago
Memphis
Houston
Major surface currents of the ocean are shown in the diagram.
Ocean currents affect weather patterns by —
regulating when tides occur in coastal areas
trapping heat at the equator to regulate the global climate
distributing heat from the uneven absorption of solar energy
increasing the rate of evaporation to transport water to areas experiencing droughts
In 2011, Typhoon Nesat struck the Philippines and caused widespread flooding. After hitting the Philippines, Typhoon Nesat was predicted to hit the large city of Hanoi, Vietnam.
If Typhoon Nesat had continued along the same path, which development would most likely have reduced its strength before it hit Hanoi?
The formation of a low-pressure area south of Bangkok
The formation of a high-pressure area south of Bangkok
Cool water moving into the sea east of Hanoi
Warm water moving into the sea east of Hanoi
Thunderstorms are more common in some areas than in others. The map shows the average number of thunderstorms per year in different parts of the United States.
Why are there significantly more thunderstorms in Florida than in California?
The state of Florida is smaller than the state of California.
The air in Florida is more stable than the air in California.
The air above Florida holds less moisture than the air above California.
The ocean currents near Florida are warmer than the ocean currents near California.
Hurricanes and similar storm systems begin over oceans. The map below shows average surface temperatures of the oceans in the summer.
Based on the map, which area probably produced the most violent storm systems?
Area 1
Area 2
Area 3
Area 4
What is one condition that is necessary for a hurricane to form?
Warm ocean water
A strong cold front
Cold ocean water
A strong warm front
Which point on the map above is most likely to be in the path of a hurricane?
P
Q
R
S
The term El Niño in meteorology describes a prolonged warming period in the Pacific Ocean near the equator. The increase in surface water temperature caused by El Niño can last up to two years.
What is the most likely effect of El Niño conditions?
A decrease in severe storms originating from the Pacific Ocean
An increase in hurricanes originating from the Pacific Ocean
A decrease in precipitation along Pacific coastal regions
An increase in stationary fronts developing along Pacific coastal regions
What role does the ocean play in Texas weather?
Precipitation that falls on Texas originates from water evaporated from oceans.
Waves along the Texas coast create warm fronts that cause changes in the weather.
Hot and dry conditions in the Texas panhandle are caused by uneven heating of the ocean surface.
High pressure air masses over Texas originate as high pressure air masses over the Atlantic Ocean.
If a large volcano that is on an island erupts, it will impact the local ecosystem. Which of the following is NOT a way the volcano will affect the local ecosystem?
Lava will run down from the volcano, burning down all the trees around the volcano.
The lava from the volcano will heat up the air in the local area and kill all life in the area.
When the volcano erupts, it will throw dust into the air affecting plants across the island.
The lava will run into the ocean around the island, killing coral reef animals.
Most of the damage done by hurricanes is caused by —
storm surges that flood coastal areas
lightning from thunderstorms
trees falling due to high winds
windows blowing out of buildings
Which of the following describes an impact of floods on ecosystems?
Strong winds that uproot small plants and trees.
Soil erosion along rivers that prevents plants from getting sunlight.
Homes that are destroyed and people getting injured.
What might have caused the catastrophic event above?
Logging trucks left the soil too sandy after deforestation.
No forest trees were left to hold the soil after deforestation.
Trees were only taken from one side of the mountain causing an imbalance.
The rain brought about flooding causing the houses to move.
The photo above shows volcanic lava flowing into the water. How will the aquatic ecosystem be impacted by the lava?
Decreased acidity, decrease in temperature, and change in food supply
Decreased acidity, increase in temperature, and change in food supply
Increased acidity, decrease in temperature, and change in food supply
Increased acidity, increase in temperature, and change in food supply
A student has a birdbath made of poured concrete. When she bought it, the salesman suggested that she seal the surface with a watertight solution.
Why was this suggestion made?
The watertight solution would slow the evaporation of water during periods of warm weather.
Over time, rainwater would react with the surface of the concrete and deposit a mineral layer over the carved areas.
In cold, wet weather, any water that seeped into the concrete could freeze and cause the birdbath to crack.
When rainwater sits in a concrete basin, the pH becomes too acidic for the birds. The solution allows the pH to remain neutral.
A student gathered four trays and four different kinds of rock samples — granite, limestone, marble, and sandstone. She tilted the trays, put a rock sample on the top end of each tray, and used a pump to force water continuously through a tube over the rocks for four days (96 hours). She collected data and recorded observations of each rock sample at the end of each day.
The purpose of the student’s investigation is to determine —
what kind of rock particles are suitable for purifying water
how changes in the rate of water flow affect different kinds of rocks
the effects of weathering on various environments of Texas
the effects of pH on different kinds of rocks
A student gathered four trays and four different kinds of rock samples — granite, limestone, marble, and sandstone. She tilted the trays, put a rock sample on the top end of each tray, and used a pump to force water continuously through a tube over the rocks for four days (96 hours). She collected data and recorded observations of each rock sample at the end of each day.
The results of the student’s investigation will be useful for —
a farmer choosing between contour farming or terracing to prevent erosion
a shorefront property owner wanting to protect his property from chemical weathering
a sculptor deciding which type of rock to use in a monument
a golf course grounds keeper deciding what kind of turf to plant on the fairways and greens
A picture of Palo Duro Canyon in the Texas Panhandle is shown above. Its formation occurred over a long period of time.
Which of the following processes most likely shaped this canyon?
Volcanoes erupting
Earth's plates colliding
Glaciers forming
Water flowing
Hurricanes along the Gulf Coastal areas of Texas increase the rate of coastal erosion. Over time, this erosion can greatly affect the coastal environment.
Which of the following is a result of erosion on coastal environments?
Over time, coastal land areas increase.
As waves crash on the beach, rocks are broken down.
Competition for resources increases as habitats are lost.
Steep canyons form from flowing rivers.
Which of the following sets of equipment can be used to analyze the effects of human activity on a watershed?
Water testing kit, triple beam balance
Water testing kit, beaker, hotplate
Hotplate, beaker, graduated cylinder
Water testing kit, hand lens, notebook
A local shopping center has requested a permit from the city to construct a 200 car parking lot next door. Several community members are protesting against the new construction for environmental reasons.
Describe how the construction of a new parking garage may impact the ground water and surface water in a watershed.
The (a) in paved areas will (b) run-off from precipitation. The water that once soaked into the (c) to replenish the water (d) will become run-off. The run-off may contain (e) from vehicles that may contaminate nearby streams.
A student sets up the investigation shown below.
What does the movement of colored water across the sand into the water best model?
Evaporation of surface water
Infiltration of groundwater
Condensation of water vapor
Pollution of surface water
Landfills are a way to manage trash by burying the trash underground. Modern landfills have a bottom layer of thick clay covered with a plastic liner. On top of the plastic liner, the landfill has pipes with holes that flow to collection tanks.
If a landfill lacked the clay, plastic, and pipes, how would the environment most likely be affected?
Rainwater would not absorb into the ground below the landfill.
Animals would be more attracted to the landfill due to odor.
Groundwater near the landfill would be polluted.
Garbage in the landfill would not be compacted.
Students designed an experiment to determine how the fertilizer runoff from fields affects ponds. Students used two large outdoor tanks and planted the same variety and amount of aquatic plants in soil placed at the bottom. Students added local fish and samples of local pond water with microorganisms in each tank. One tank was left alone while the other tank had fertilizer added daily. The following table contains possible data sets for algae growth covering the surface of the tanks.
Which data set most likely represents the results of the experiment after seven days?
Data Set A
Data Set B
Data Set C
Data Set D
Which example of weathering includes a chemical change?
Salt deposits in a rock dissolving during a rainstorm
Pollutants that are dissolved in rain reacting with metals in a rock
Rushing water in a river breaking rough edges of a rock on the riverbed
Water freezing in a small crack in a rock that increases the size of the crack
What types of changes occur during the erosion and deposition of sediments in a river?
The erosion and deposition of sediment are physical changes.
The erosion and deposition of sediment are chemical changes.
The erosion of sediment is a chemical change, and the deposition of sediment is a physical change.
The erosion of sediment is a physical change, and the deposition of sediment is a chemical change.
Human activity causes changes to the groundwater and surface water in a watershed. Which change to groundwater or surface water is classified as a chemical change?
Concrete streets and parking lots cause more water to remain surface water instead
of absorbing into the ground to become groundwater.
Hydroelectric dams built on rivers create lakes upstream of the dams and variable flow downstream.
Industrial waste that is dumped in a river causes acidic conditions that cause damage to fish digestive systems.
Rainwater collects in drainage ditches and flows to nearby lakes, increasing the water volume in lakes.
The table below lists several chemical and physical changes.
Type of Change : Process
(a) : Scissors cutting a piece of paper
(b) : Natural gas burning to heat a home
(c) : Water condensing on the side of a window
(d) : Filling a balloon with natural air
(e) : Corroding metal
How does a physical change differ from a chemical change?
Physical changes form new substances with the same properties. Chemical changes form new substances with different properties of matter.
Physical changes form a new substance with different properties. Chemical changes alter the properties without changing the identity of the substance.
Physical changes alter the properties changing the identity of the substance. Chemical changes form a new substance with the same properties.
Physical changes alter the properties without changing the identity of the substance. Chemical changes form a new substance with different properties.
Match the correct body system to its function
Removes waste from the body
Excretory
Provides structure and protection for the body
Skeletal
Controls and coordinates the body
Nervous
Provides protection of the body
Integumentary
A system in the body is shown. The main function of this system is to --
excrete hormones throughout the body
defend against infections entering the body
send signals back and forth from the brain to the body
circulate blood, nutrients, and gases throughout the body
A student drinks a beverage that contains 78 grams of sugar.
Which system produces the hormone insulin that helps break down the sugar in the human body?
Endocrine system
Excretory system
Integumentary system
Circulatory system
Students jump rope for one minute to determine changes in heart rate and breathing rate. Their data are shown in the table.
Which table explains the functions of the two body systems that the students investigated?
Which two body systems are primarily responsible for locomotion (movement) ?
Skeletal system and muscular system
Nervous system and circulatory system
Respiratory system and digestive system
Integumentary system and excretory system
This drawing shows a human body system.
What is the primary function of this body system?
The protection of vital organs from injury
The chemical breakdown of food into smaller pieces
The transport of nutrients, water, and oxygen to body cells
The production of hormones that regulate growth and metabolism
Which table best shows some functions of the circulatory, respiratory, digestive, and endocrine systems?
When people run long distances, their muscles require increased amounts of oxygen. Which system is responsible for carrying this oxygen to the muscles?
Nervous
Respiratory
Digestive
Circulatory
A student drew the picture of a human body system shown below. The student labeled some of the organs of the system.
The main function of this human body system is to —
sense odors in the environment
exchange gases with the environment
chew food as it enters the mouth
trap particles that enter the nose
Part of a human body system is pictured.
The main function of this system is to —
control reproduction
transport oxygen
produce hormones
remove waste
The nervous system of the human organism is most like which cell organelle?
Mitochondrion
Nucleus
Chloroplast
Cell membrane
The cell wall is most like which organ system?
Nervous
Excretory
Respiratory
Integumentary
The function of the integumentary system is most like which cell organelle?
Cell membrane
Mitochondria
Nucleus
Cell wall
The function of the digestive system is most like which cell organelle?
Cell membrane
Mitochondrion
Nucleus
Cytoplasm
Cells remove waste from their cytoplasm by passing it through the cell membrane and out of the cell. What two human body systems perform similar functions?
Endocrine and excretory
Excretory and digestive
Respiratory and endocrine
Circulatory and skeletal
Many cellular functions can be compared with functions that occur in organisms. Which of the following is not a function that both the cell and the organism share?
Stores waste material for removal
Provides structure and support
Learned behaviors that aide in survival
Conversion of nutrients into usable energy
How are the mitochondria in the cell similar to the digestive system?
They both break things into energy.
They both store things.
They both control movement.
They both break down unwanted things.
The function of the nucleus of the cell is to control what the cell does. Which of the following organ systems has similar functions?
Digestive system
Excretory system
Integumentary system
Nervous system
How is the cell wall similar to the integumentary system?
They are not similar.
Both absorb nutrients and water.
Both utilize the energy from the sun.
Both provide a protective barrier.
Using the cell membrane as an example, explain how the functions of cell organelles are similar to organs.
Nesting dolls are a set of hollow, wooden toys that have the same shape. Smaller nesting dolls fit inside larger dolls. Students were asked to use nesting dolls to model the levels of organization from the largest to smallest. Which model best demonstrates the levels of organization in plants and animals?
Which phrase best describes the function of mitochondria?
Located in the cytoplasm
Bacteria-sized organelle
Converts energy for cell use
Contains a folded inner membrane
What types of organisms have cells with very large vacuoles?
Animals
Bacteria
Fungi
Plants
Through which cell structure does waste exit the cell?
Cell membrane
Chloroplast
Vacuole
Nucleus
Which cell organelle stores DNA?
Cell wall
Cell membrane
Vacuole
Nucleus
If the M&MsTM in the cell model above represent mitochondria, how could the model be improved to demonstrate the function of mitochondria?
Do not replace the M&MsTM because they demonstrate that mitochondria provide food for the cell.
Replace the M&MsTM with lights to demonstrate that mitochondria provides usable energy to the cell.
Replace the M&MsTM with harder candy to demonstrate that mitochondria provide structure to the cell.
Replace the M&MsTM with a remote control to demonstrate that mitochondria controls cellular functions.
What kind of cell is represented by the above model?
Plant
Animal
Bacteria
Fungi
What does the inflated balloon represent in the above model?
Nucleus
Vacuole
Mitochondria
Cell membrane
Students observed cells under the microscope. They observed that the cells had a cell wall, cell membrane, nucleus, and many chloroplasts. Which observation helps students identify the type of cell observed?
The presence of a nucleus means the cells are from a plant.
The presence of a cell membrane means that the cells are from an animal.
The presence of chloroplasts means that the cells are from a plant.
The presence of a cell wall means that the cells are from an animal.
A school’s cafeteria kitchen has a large, walk-in refrigerator where food is stored for lunch later in the week. Which cell organelle has a function that is similar to the refrigerator?
Vacuole
Nucleus
Chloroplast
Mitochondrion
The fluid surrounding the organelles of a cell is the —
chloroplast
cytoplasm
mitochondria
cell membrane
The purpose of the cell wall is to —
regulate what goes into and out of a cell
control the functions of a cell
convert energy from food into energy for a cell
provide structure for a cell
The primary function of a chloroplast is to —
convert food into energy a cell can use
control the functions of a cell and control genetic traits
convert radiant energy into chemical energy through photosynthesis
store water and nutrients
Which of the following do all living things have in common?
Cells held up by cell walls
The method to get water and food into their cells
Cells made from pre-existing cells
Special cells that can do many different things
According to cell theory, what do each of the following organisms have in common?
They can all reproduce by spontaneous generation.
Each organism is able to photosynthesize.
Cells are the basic unit of structure for each organism.
They are all made up of the same kinds of atoms.
As students left class, they were asked to write a statement about the properties that all cells share. A sample of student statements is recorded below.
Which students wrote correct statements about the properties that all cells share?
Student A and Student D
Student B and Student C
Student B and Student D
Student A and Student C
A student observing a sample of cheek cells noticed that all of the cells were identical. Which statement below explains why these cells are identical?
They all come from the same location in the body.
All cells come from other cells through division.
They do not have a cell wall.
They have a chloroplast.
Describe how cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems work together within a multicellular organism.
(a)
Describe the cell membrane and two of its functions.
(a)
Explain the three main components of cell theory.
(a)