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Keystone Species and Trophic Cascades

Total questions: 20

Worksheet time: 10mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

What was the primary question the ecologists sought to answer with his starfish experiment?

a)

How do predators influence the structure of ecosystems?

b)

How do starfish reproduce?

c)

What determines the population size of starfish?

d)

What was the apex predator in the ecosystem?

2.

The original hypothesis of food chains was

a)

the green hypothesis

b)

the bottom up hypothesis

c)

energy flow hypothesis

d)

Keystone hypothesis

3.

What was the unexpected result of removing starfish from the ecosystem?

a)

starfish population increased

b)

number of species decreased

c)

the ecosystem was unchanged

d)

number of species increased

4.

What term did Robert Paine coin to describe the influence of a single species on an ecosystem?

a)

Apex predator

b)

Dominant species

c)

Keystone species

d)

Primary species

5.

What was the main finding of the ecologists research on sea otters?

a)

Sea otters are primary producers

b)

Sea otters have little to no impact on the ecosystem

c)

Sea otters indirectly controlled the sea urchins

d)

Sea otters directly controlled the sea urchins

6.

What happened to the kelp forest when the sea otters were removed?

a)

Kelp forests became more diverse

b)

Kelp forests disappeared

c)

Kelp forests thrived

d)

Kelp forests were unchanged

7.

What do ecologists call the effect of one species affecting multiple levels in a food chain?

a)

direct

b)

indirect

c)

no effect

d)

neutral effect

8.

What did ecologists call the effect of one species on multiple levels of a food chain?

a)

Trophic cascade

b)

Food chain reaction

c)

direct effect

d)

Keystone effect

9.

What broader implication does the study of keystone species and trophic cascades have for ecology?

a)

It indicates that predators have no significant role in ecosystems

b)

It shows that all species have equal impact on ecosystems

c)

It highlights the importance of top down regulation in ecosystems

d)

It suggests that ecosystems are primarily controlled by the producers

10.

What is the role of keystone species in an ecosystem?

a)

They have no effect on the ecosystem

b)

They have a disproportionately large effect on the abundance and number of species

c)

They are the most abundant species

d)

They are always apex predators.

11.

Fill in the blank: Not all species in an ecosystem have strong interactions. The removal of some species has ______ effect on others.

a)

a large

b)

a little or no

c)

a moderate

d)

a significant

12.

Which of the following statements is true about apex predators?

a)

They are always preyed upon by others

b)

They are at the top of a food web and are not preyed on by others

c)

They have no effect on the ecosystem

d)

They are the most numerous species.

13.

Keystone species are critical to maintaining what in an ecosystem?

a)

The number of predators

b)

The diversity and stability

c)

The amount of sunlight

d)

The water levels

14.

What happens when a keystone species is removed from an ecosystem?

a)

Nothing changes

b)

Only the keystone species is affected

c)

It causes changes in the type and number of species

d)

The ecosystem becomes more stable.

15.

Fill in the blank: Many keystone species are ______ predators.

a)

secondary

b)

apex

c)

primary

d)

tertiary

16.

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of keystone species?

a)

A) They have a large effect on their ecosystem

b)

B) They are always the most numerous species

c)

C) They can be apex predators

d)

D) They help maintain ecosystem stability.

17.

What is required to understand how species numbers and population sizes are regulated in an ecosystem?

a)

Short-term observations

b)

Experiments conducted over long time periods

c)

Immediate assumptions

d)

Quick surveys

18.

Fill in the blank: The removal of some species has little or no effect on others because not all species have ______ interactions.

a)

strong

b)

weak

c)

temporary

d)

permanent

19.

What is the risk of ignoring the role of apex predators in ecosystems?

a)

Ecosystems will remain stable

b)

The prey of predators will increase

c)

Ecosystems would gain diversity

d)

It could lead to significant changes in an ecosystem

20.

The keystone species of yellowstone is which of the following?

a)

Elk

b)

Grizzly bears

c)

Wolves

d)

Black bears