Erosion occurs when trees are cut down all at once

Trees are more susceptible to disease due to there only being one type of tree

There is less nutrients present in the soil from the constant growing of trees (every time the tree regrows more nutrients are taken from the soil)

It decreases biodiversity because there is only one type of tree growing in the plantation

It helps to increase genetic diversity due to animals ha being more available mates, which leads to less mutations in offspring (decreases inbreeding)

It helps to keep food webs stabilized

Helps to keep animals healthy by introducing them to other species

It gives the organisms access to more resources and food sources

They are very expensive to build (they have to be built over roads and highways)

Fire and disease can spread throughout the region

More predators and invasive species can enter easily and disrupt food webs and increase competition

More animals will die from not being able to find the resources they need

The acidic water kills aquatic organisms and decreases their population because most of the eggs do not survive

It decreases plant growth

Bio magnification occurs because chemicals more up the food chain during predation

AMD blocks sunlight from entering the water which decreases photosynthesis and causes plants to die, less food and oxygen is produced which leads to fish dying

Allow more water into it and give it time to dilute the chemicals

Cover the discarded gangue (tailing) to reduce it washing it into the water

Use phytoremediation (using plants to remove the metals from the soil)

Neutralize it with a base like limestone or calcium carbonate

Biomediation (using bacteria that consumes sulfur)

It’s caused less habitat destruction due to the surface not being disturbed

It requires less land to be made and to be running

It is safer for miners because they are underground

They’re very inexpensive to build

They are very expensive to build because you must dig horizontal tunnels into mountains and once the tunnels are made you need elevators and a ventilation system

Coal dust explosions can happen due to the coal dust suspended in the air which may spontaneously explode, this can be prevented by sprinkling limestone on the coal dust

Sub surface mining is very dangerous for miners in various ways. The tunnels can collapse, carbon monoxide released from coal mines can cause suffocation and death, and miners can develop black lung disease from inhaling coal dust which scars the lungs and impares breathing ability

Methane explosions may happen due to the build up of methane gas (released from coal) that can spark from a machine which ignites clay, this can be prevented by spraying water on the cutting tool

Impact: As glaciers (land ice) melt, more water is added to oceans, this increasesd force of salt water pushes into the aquifers

Solution: remove paved land and plant more trees so that more water goes into the ground, increase the force of the fresh water in aquifers by pumping treated fresh water (sewars) or river water into aquifers, naturally recharging aquifers: ground water is recharged naturally into aquifers from rain and melted snow

Impact: water is being overused from the aquifers which is causing salt water to intrude into the aquifers

Solution: place a limit on how much water can be used from the aquifers, increase the water sources to the aquifer

Polar bears: the ice is melting and retreating much quicker which leads to much shorter hunting seasons, downing due to swimming further lengths for food, and it’s a lot harder to find mates

Walrus: pack ice is retreating from feeding areas and with less ice around them they have less room to rest between dives which leads to them swimming further for food, and somtimes cubs can be isolated and become vulnerable to predators

Arctic fox: competiing with the red fox for food and habitats which is leading to the lemming population to decrease (less food is available), and it brought over competition to the attic fox

Beluga whale: the ice melting makes it easier for fishermen to get lots of fish which leads to an increase in shipping traffic, decrease amount of food supply (fish), and pollution

Ladder trees: allows fire to climb to canopy

Surface fuel: leaf litter and brush

Increased tree density

Invasive species

Thin bark: doesn’t help them to survive fires

Some seeds need the hot temperatures to disperse, fire is needed for germination (growth), adds nutrients to the soil

Removes harmful insects/pathogens, removes dead trees (add fuel to fires), open area for new growth, prevents larger fires

Helps to prevent spreading disease, gets rid of invasive species, helps new species to grow

Reduces air pollution,

(Acres/sec)x(.4 ha/1 acre)x(60 sec/1 min)x(60 min/1hr)x(24hr/1 day)x(365 day/1 yr)

(Acres/sec)x(.4 ha/1 acre)x(365 day/1 yr)x(24 hr/1 day)x(60 min/1 hr)x(60 sec/1 min)

Provides warmer and wetter conditions that mosquitoes thrive in, mosquito population goes up and diseases like Zika, West Nile, and Malaria spread easily

Can decrease air quality due to the ash from fires getting in the air and when inhaled can cause asthma

A person can me mentally impacted due to being exposed to traumatic disasters like floods, hurricanes, earthquakes, and fires

A person may have to pay for any damages done to their house, car, or other property/possessions

Reduce the population by providing birth control (reduces demands on forest)

Reduce the use of burning fuel wood to help reduce the amount of trees being cut down

Restore land by replanting more trees, switch to solar, promote ecotourism

Petition for the forest, send people out there to help restore forest ecosystems, place regulations

Use alternative wood (cork, bamboo, kenaf) , reuse wood, land trust (organizations that purchase land to protect it)

Can provide places for food storage, nesting sites, and perches for animals of all sizes depending on how large the snag is

Contribute to the nutrient reserves and chemical and physical characteristics of forest soils or waterways

Can become cover from predators for small mammals, reptiles, beneficial insects, and other pollinators

When a snag lands in a stream it’s roots provide powerful stabilization to the banks for years and also help to dissipate powerful eroding energy of flood waters