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WorksheetsNTR3
Total questions: 45
Worksheet time: 23mins
Eric normally sweetens his tea with Sugar Twin. While studying abroad in Canada, he picks up a packet
of Sugar Twin. Which of the following is true about the similarities/differences between Sugar Twin in
the United States and those in Canada?
In the 1970s, animal studies were conducted to explore the safety of both artificial sweeteners
(cyclamate and saccharine), and these studies concluded that these sweeteners increased chances
of developing type II diabetes.
He normally cannot bake with Sugar Twin in the United States but finds that Sugar Twin in Canada
allows him to make lower-calorie sweet treats.
Sugar Twin from the United States contains saccharine, a zero-calorie sweetener with a bitter
aftertaste.
Which of the following correctly explains the terms saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated in
relation to fatty acids?
Saturated fat consists of a single type of fatty acid, monounsaturated fat contains multiple
unsaturated bonds, and polyunsaturated fat is exclusively plant-derived.
Saturated fat has no double bonds, monounsaturated fat contains only one double bond, and
polyunsaturated fat has multiple double bonds.
Saturated fat is typically liquid at room temperature, monounsaturated fat is solid, and
polyunsaturated fat has a balanced consistency.
Saturated fat is commonly found in plant-based oils, monounsaturated fat is prevalent in animal
products, and polyunsaturated fat is resistant to oxidation.
To make their "Sweet Bliss" dessert healthier, Blissful Delights decides to replace saturated fats with
unsaturated fats. How might this change impact the physical properties of "Sweet Bliss"?
The dessert's physical properties would remain the same.
The dessert would become more solid.
The dessert would become more liquid.
The dessert's color and flavor would change dramatically.
“You won’t find me in the blood of someone who has been fasting because I carry dietary triglycerides.”
VLDL
HDL
LDL
Chylomicron
Although people tend to say only nasty things about me, I do have an important role to play in the body
by delivering cholesterol to cells.”
VLDL
HDL
LDL
Chylomicron
“I’m made in the liver and am carrying, in the form of triglycerides, all of those extra calories you’ve been
drinking in your 64-ounce Cokes.”
VLDL
HDL
LDL
“I’m made in the liver and my primary role is to clean up after LDL and take cholesterol back to the liver
for removal
VLDL
HDL
LDL
Chylomicron
Demarcus is ordering food supplies for his restaurant, and he notices a new cooking oil, “FlexiOil,” is
being promoted. “FlexiOil” has a unique fatty acid composition and features trans fatty acids. What
structural characteristic distinguishes trans fatty acids, a key component in “FlexiOil?”
They have a linear structure with hydrogen atoms on opposing sides of the double bond
They have a spiral structure with alternating carbon-carbon bonds.
They have a coiled structure with two carbon-carbon double bounds.
They have a zigzag structure with carbon atoms arranged randomly
Which of the following is/are correct about the structure of lipids?
Lipids exhibit uniform structures with no significant variations.
Lipids have diverse structures, with variations in fatty acid chain length and degree of saturation.
Lipids exclusively consist of linear structures without any branching.
Lipids are solely composed of single-ring structures without multi-ring components.
Which of the following statements is/are correct regarding saturated fatty acids?
They are fatty acids in which no more hydrogen atoms can be added.
They should be limited in the diet because they contribute to increased risk of CVD.
When they predominate in a dietary triglyceride they contribute to the hardness of that triglyceride.
A and B are correct.
All of the above are correct.
Which of the following correctly describes the basic structure of sterols and specific types found in plant
vs. animal sources?
Sterols primarily consist of a long hydrocarbon chain and are commonly found in animal products
like meat and dairy.
Sterols have a simple linear structure and are only found in olive oil and soybean oil.
Sterols have a complex ring structure, and examples include cholesterol found in animal products
and phytosterols (plant sterols) found in plant sources.
Plant sterols are exclusively present in saturated fats, contributing to their solid texture at room
temperature
During a lunchtime conversation, Samir explains to their friend Noura, “Our bodies prefer to store most
of our energy as fat rather than carbohydrates. This is because…”
“Carbohydrates are rapidly converted into energy, leading to quick energy crashes.”
“Fat molecules provide more efficient and concentrated energy storage than carbohydrates.”
“Carbohydrates are more difficult to break down into usable energy compared to fats.”
“Fats can be converted into energy more rapidly than carbohydrates when needed.”
Beef or butter fat (saturated)
Lowering LDL
Raising LDL and lowering HDL
Lowering LDL and lowering HDL
Raising LDL
Sunflower oil (polyunsaturated)
Lowering LDL
Raising LDL and lowering HDL
Lowering LDL and lowering HDL
Raising LDL
Hydrogenated oil (trans fat)
Lowering LDL
Raising LDL and lowering HDL
Lowering LDL and lowering HDL
Raising LDL
. Olive or canola oil (monounsaturated)
Lowering LDL
Raising LDL and lowering HDL
Lowering LDL and lowering HDL
Raising LDL
Lipoproteins are used to transport lipids through the body because lipids are:
Too chemically unstable travel on their own.
Too water-insoluble to travel on their own.
Too big to travel on their own
Too small to travel on their own.
Nadia’s registered dietitian recommended that she try a Mediterranean Diet because CVD runs in her
family. Which of the following would be meal(s) she should choose that align with that diet?
Salmon with quinoa salad and roasted zucchini
Steak and salad with cucumber, olive, and feta cheese
Grilled chicken with spinach, feta, and pine nut salad
A and C
All of the above would be good choices.
Tariq goes to the doctor and is diagnosed with cardiovascular disease. What has happened in Tariq to
result in this diagnosis.
Tariq’s intestinal cells are unable to create chylomicrons.
Tariq’s heart has hardened due to an accumulation of plaques.
Tariq’s arteries have hardened due to injuries to the arterial walls.
C and D
None of the above
Anderson is tasked with stocking dietary supplements on the shelves at NutriVibe Emporium. His boss
gives him two products that are both eicosanoids – arachidonic (n-6) and EPA (n-3). The end cap
display says that the product decreases blood pressure, decreases risk for blood clotting, and
decreases risk for inflammation. Which product does he need to put on this end cap display?
EPA (n-3)
Arachidonic (n-6)
Which of the following accurately describes the relationship between amino acid structure and protein
characteristics?
The length of the peptide chain significantly influences protein activity, with longer peptides being
more active.
The side groups of amino acids do not contribute to the protein’s 3-D shape since they are not part
of the peptide bonds.
Differences in the side group properties, such as size, shape, and chemistry, play a crucial role in
shaping the protein’s 3-D structure.
In his pursuit of fitness goals, August decides to increase his protein intake significantly. However, due
to unexpected schedule changes, he finds himself missing workouts frequently. If August’s protein
intake consistently exceeds his body’s requirements, what outcome is most likely?
He will experience improved exercise performance.
His body will efficiently utilize the excess protein for energy production.
Unused amino acids will be stored in his muscle tissue for future use.
Elevated levels of protein will be detected in saliva
The excess protein may contribute to weight gain over time.
Which of the following explanations accurately describes essential and non-essential amino acids?
Essential amino acids are those that the body can synthesize from plant-based sources, while non
essential amino acids are only available in animal-based foods.
Essential amino acids are those that the body cannot produce and must be obtained from her diet,
while non-essential amino acids are produced by her body.
Essential amino acids are found only in whole foods like fruits and vegetables, while non-essential
amino acids are added to processed plant-based products.
Essential amino acids are those we need for energy production, while non-essential amino acids
are required for muscle growth.
Daphne’s registered dietitian suggests that she can improve the protein quality of her plant-based diet
by practicing protein complementation. Which of the following best demonstrates the concept of protein
complementation?
Eating a banana and orange together as a pre-workout snack.
Combining rice and beans in a lunchtime bowl.
Having a handful of almonds and a piece of dark chocolate for dessert.
Enjoying a spinach salad with olive oil dressing and a sprinkle of nutritional yeast.
Lorenzo is trying to determine how many grams of protein he should be consuming daily. He is an adult
who is already at his ideal/desirable body weight and not trying to “bulk up.” Which of the following
should he use for this calculation?
0.8 g/kg of desirable body weight
1 g/kg of desirable body weight
1.8 g/kg of desirable body weight
2 g/kg of desirable body weight
Now, Lorenzo decides to start trying to “bulk up,” and his roommate tells him to start eating protein bars
between his meals. You overhear this conversation and decide to interject your opinion. You tell
Lorenzo that:
Actually, if he is consuming a typical American diet, he is already consuming enough protein to be in
the range of protein intake needed for increasing his muscle mass.
When he is talking about “bulking up,” he is trying to increase his lean body mass, which consists of
collagen, internal organs, and muscles.
He doesn’t need to be worried about total protein. Actually, a supplement with individual amino
acids will be more cost effective and efficient in helping him increase his muscle mass.
A and B are both correct
All of the above are correct
Lorenzo is consuming much more protein than he needs, even though he is trying to bulk up.
True or False: As a result, he needs to make sure that he consumes adequate water to replace what
he’s losing from all the urea that he’s excreting
True
False
Alanine, Glutamine, and Lysine are all different amino acids. What allows them to be distinguished from
one another?
R-group
Amino group
Central Carbon
Carboxylic Acid
All other protein needs will be sacrificed when protein is required to provide amino acids for:
Muscle
Enzymes
Energy
Immune factors
Why is there no “% Daily Value” listed for protein on the Nutrition Facts label?
Protein requirements vary widely based on individual factors such as age, gender, and activity level.
Most people consume enough protein, so a % DV is unnecessary.
Protein is not considered an essential nutrient, so it’s not included in the % DV.
B and C
All of the above
Luna has restricted her calories to lose weight, but in the process has dropped her protein intake well
below her DRI. Which is the most likely result?
Enhanced physical endurance and improved athletic performance.
Increased ability to build and maintain lean muscle mass.
Swelling of her abdomen due to fluid imbalance
Loss of lean tissue making it harder in the long run to keep the weight off.
Harper is a vegetarian who primarily relies on plant-based sources for their protein intake. Harper is
concerned about the protein quality of their diet. Which of the following statements best describes the
concept of lower quality proteins?
Lower quality proteins provide essential amino acids in adequate amounts but are not well-digested
by the body.
Lower quality proteins are found only in animal-based foods and have lower quantities of amino
acids.
Lower quality proteins lack one or more essential amino acids.
Lower quality proteins are those with low biological value yet offer optimal nutrition benefits.
Which of the following does not explain why cultures around the world have been able to rely on
legumes as a significant protein source?
All legumes have an essential amino acid profile identical to that of high-quality animal products.
Legumes are less reliant on expensive fertilizers, which make them a cheaper protein source.
Legumes contain bacteria that live symbiotically in their roots that can take nitrogen from the air and
convert it into something that the plant can use to make protein.
Which of the following statements concerning amino acids is correct?
A vegan would need to make sure that he gets the majority of his protein from the non-essential
amino acids.
The essential amino acids are, by definition, those that are present in the more essential body
tissues like the heart and lungs.
A vegan would benefit from taking essential amino acid supplements to ensure adequate intake.
Nonessential amino acids can be made in the body from glucose as long as there is a source of
carbon
None of the above
True or False: The primary role of HCl is to denature protein by disrupting the side group interactions,
causing the protein molecule to “unwind.”
True
False
Which of the following is/are correct about R-groups (side groups)?
R-groups have a uniform structure across all amino acids, contributing to their similar properties.
. R-groups are involved in peptide formation between amino acids.
R-groups influence the overall charge, size, and hydrophobic or hydrophilic nature of an amino acid.
R-groups are only found in essential amino acids.
Which of the following lipids serves as a starting material for cortisol?
Cholesterol
Triglycerides
Phospholipids
Essential Fatty Acids
Dietary lipids are absorbed in which of the following forms?
Mono and diglycerides
Glycerol
Fatty acids
A and C
All of the above
Sanka started a weight loss plan, which told him to eliminate triglycerides from his diet because he
believes they are making him gain weight. Which of the following are true?
Your body can make all the triglycerides you need, so it’s okay to eliminate triglycerides from your
diet
Triglycerides aren’t essential to your body, so it’s okay to eliminate them from your diet.
Your body needs some triglycerides from your diet because they help carry the fat-soluble vitamins
into your body, so you should not eliminate triglycerides from your diet.
Your body needs triglycerides in order to convert glucose to glycogen, so you should not eliminate
triglycerides from your diet.
True or False? To get their HDL and LDL levels where they need to be, one would need to reduce their
intake of foods with lots of the “bad” cholesterol and instead seek out those high in “good” cholesterol.
True
False
Ainsley has been seeing videos all over TikTok claiming that you can quickly lose weight by completely
avoiding dietary fat. When she reads her food diary printouts, she seeks that there are a few tenths of a
gram listed for broccoli. She’s frustrated because she thought that she’d found a completely fat-free
snack. Had Ainsley managed to successfully rid herself of all dietary fat, which of the following is a
possible result?
A cholesterol deficiency
An inability to make eicosanoids, a group of hormone-like compounds
An essential fatty acid deficienc
B and C
All of the above
Pretend that researchers just found a new compound that contains a glycerol backbone with unknown
molecules attached, is soluble in water, and is insoluble in organic solvents. How would you classify this
compound?
It must be a lipid because of its solubility in water.
It would be classified as a lipid because lipids always have a glycerol backbone.
If the unknown molecules were multi-ring structures, then it might be classified as a lipid.
It cannot be a lipid because it is soluble in water and insoluble in organic solvents.
Akira is making a salad to take to a potluck dinner, and always makes a homemade salad dressing to
go with. Akira normally uses egg yolks in her dressing, but she doesn’t have any in her fridge, so she
decides to make the dressing without the egg yolks. After she shook the dressing together, she noticed
that the oil and vinegar separated. Why did Akira see this difference?
Egg yolks are emulsifiers that help combine oil and vinegar.
Egg yolks have compounds that have both hydrophilic and hydrophobic components to help
combine the oil and vinegar.
There are phospholipids in egg yolks.
A and C
All of the above
How does the structure of protein differ from that of carbohydrates and lipids?
Protein contains nitrogen, and carbohydrates and lipids do not.
Proteins do not have a glycerol backbone, whereas carbohydrates and lipids do.
The structure of proteins is not different from carbohydrates and lipids.
Which of the following is correct about protein turnover?
Protein turnover only occurs when an individual consumes low-quality protein.
Protein turnover only occurs when an individual consumes high-quality protein.
Protein turnover is the process by which the proteins in our bodies are constantly being broken
down and resynthesized.
Protein turnover has no impact on energy needs.
