WorksheetsAP Psych Unit 1/2 Sensation and Perception
Total questions: 177
Worksheet time: 1hrs 29mins
What does JND stand for in psychology?
Just Noticeable Distance
Just Noticeable Difference
Joint Nerve Discharge
None of the above
What does the vestibular sense help us with?
Balancing and maintaining body orientation
Perceiving sounds
Detecting taste
None of the above
What is transduction?
The process of transmitting neural impulses to the brain
The perception of different wavelengths of light
The ability to focus on one stimulus
None of the above
What is olfaction?
The sense of taste
The sense of hearing
The sense of smell
None of the above
What are the three main parts of the ear?
Cochlea, malleus, incus
Pinna, tympanic membrane, cochlea
Outer ear, middle ear, inner ear
None of the above
What is selective attention?
The ability to focus on a specific stimulus while ignoring others
The ability to detect all stimuli equally
The tendency to adapt to constant stimuli
None of the above
What is signal detection theory?
The theory that there is, regardless of time and place, a minimum level of a stimulus that can be detected
The theory that explains how we detect stimuli based on factors such as attention and expectations
The process of receiving sensory information
The tendency to ignore unchanging stimuli
What does parallel processing refer to in vision?
Processing different aspects of a visual stimulus simultaneously
Focusing on one aspect of a stimulus
Ignoring irrelevant stimuli and focusing on relevant stimuli
None of the above
What is the difference between sensation and perception?
Sensation is the process of interpreting sensory information, while perception is the process of receiving it.
Sensation is the process of receiving sensory information, while perception is the process of interpreting it.
Sensation and perception are the same processes.
None of the above
What are the functions of rods and cones in the human eye?
Rods detect color, cones detect motion
Rods detect light intensity, cones detect color and detail
Both detect color and detail
Rods detect detail, cones detect light
What is the function of the optic nerve?
Transmits visual information from the retina to the brain
Focuses light onto the retina
Controls the amount of light entering the eye
None of the above
What does place theory suggest about hearing?
We perceive pitch based on the place on the cochlea where the sound wave stimulates the basilar membrane
We perceive pitch based on the frequency of neural impulses
Both high and low pitches are heard in the same part of the ear
None of the above
What does gate control theory suggest about the perception of pain?
Pain is controlled by small nerve fibers
Pain signals are blocked by a gate mechanism in the spinal cord
Pain is perceived equally across all people
None of the above
What does absolute threshold refer to?
The minimal difference between two stimuli
The minimum stimulus intensity required for detection
The adjustment of the lens to focus
None of the above
What does the 3-color theory propose?
There are three types of cones in the retina that are sensitive to red, green, and blue light
There are three primary colors that humans can perceive
The eye combines colors to produce all visible hues
None of the above
What is sensory adaptation?
The decrease in sensitivity to a constant stimulus over time
The ability to perceive new stimuli easily
The process of transmitting neural impulses
None of the above
What does Gestalt theory emphasize?
The whole is greater than the sum of its parts
The sum of the parts is greater than the whole
The ability to perceive each part of a stimulus separately
None of the above
What is figure-ground perception?
The ability to distinguish between different colors
The ability to organize visual information into objects (figures) and backgrounds (grounds)
The ability to perceive depth in an image
None of the above
What does the lens do in the human eye?
Controls the amount of light entering the eye
Bends light to focus it on the retina
Detects color and detail
None of the above
Which processing method is data-driven and starts with the sensory input?
Top-down processing
Bottom-up processing
Sensory adaptation
Weber's Law
What is the function of the iris?
Detects light intensity
Adjusts the size of the pupil
Transmits visual information to the brain
None of the above
What is an afterimage?
An image seen when a stimulus is removed after prolonged exposure
An image seen after the eyes are closed
An image seen when a stimulus is added
None of the above
What does Weber’s Law state?
The greater the intensity of a stimulus, the larger the difference must be to detect a change
The smaller the intensity of a stimulus, the smaller the change must be to detect it
The ability to detect changes in frequency
None of the above
What is the cocktail party effect?
The ability to follow conversations in a noisy environment
The ability to perceive all stimuli equally
The ability to hear high-pitched sounds
None of the above
What is accommodation in vision?
Adjusting the focus of the eye by changing the shape of the lens
Moving the eye to perceive depth
Changing the sensitivity of the eye
None of the above
What does frequency theory explain?
How the inner ear determines the pitch of a sound by the frequency of neural impulses matching the frequency of the sound wave
How we hear high-frequency sounds
How the ear transmits sound waves
None of the above
What is visual capture?
The dominance of vision over other senses when determining perceptions
The ability to detect all visual stimuli
The focusing of attention on one stimulus
None of the above
What does the opponent-process theory suggest about color vision?
Color vision is based on the combination of red, green, and blue light
We perceive colors in terms of opposing pairs, such as red-green and blue-yellow
Color vision is based on the wavelength of light
None of the above
What is subliminal perception?
Perception below the conscious threshold
Perception at the conscious threshold
The ability to perceive stimuli at a distance
None of the above
What is the role of the pupil in the human eye?
Transmits visual information to the brain
Controls the amount of light entering the eye
Focuses light onto the retina
None of the above
Which of the following is a type of perceptual grouping?
Similarity
Transduction
Accommodation
None of the above
What do wavelengths determine in terms of vision?
The intensity of light
The color or hue of light
The clarity of an image
None of the above
What is kinesthesis?
The sense of smell
The ability to perceive the position and movement of body parts
The ability to maintain balance
None of the above
Which of the following is a type of perceptual grouping?
Similarity
Transduction
Accommodation
None of the above
What is the visual cliff experiment used to study?
Color vision
Depth Perception infants and young Animals
Visual acuity
None of the above
What is the phi phenomenon?
The perception of continuous motion when viewing a series of slightly varying images in rapid succession
The perception of a pattern when stimuli are closely spaced in time
The perception of depth from motion parallax
What is perceptual constancy?
The ability to focus on one stimulus
The ability to perceive objects as unchanging despite changes in their sensory input
The ability to adapt to new environments
What is the Müller-Lyer illusion?
An illusion in which a figure and ground reverse
An afterimage that appears after looking at a bright light
An optical illusion in which two lines of equal length appear to be different lengths due to arrow-like ends
What is perceptual adaptation?
The ability to ignore unimportant stimuli
he ability to adjust to changes in sensory inputt
The tendency to perceive stimuli differently depending on context
What is perceptual set?
The tendency to perceive objects as unchanging
The tendency to perceive certain aspects of a stimulus due to expectations and experiences
The ability to focus on one stimulus
What is the context effect?
The tendency to perceive stimuli differently depending on the surrounding context
The tendency to ignore unimportant stimuli
The ability to perceive motion from still images
What is precognition?
The ability to sense past events
The ability to predict future events
The ability to perceive time differently
In vision, the sensory receptors are called…
Ganglion cells
Bipolar cells
Rods and cones
Optic nerves
The optic nerve is made up of the ___ of the ___ cells
Axons: bipolar
Dendrites; ganglion
Axons; ganglion
Dendrites; optic
What is true about the blind spot?
It contains cones but not rods
Its the part of the retina where the optic nerve leaves the eye
It contains rods but not cones
Its the part of the retina where light is converted into neural signals
Regarding colorblindness, which of the following statements is true?
Blue-yellow colorblindness is more common than red-green colorblindness.
Red-green color blindness appears to be carried on the Y chromosome.
More women than men suffer from red-green color-blindness.
About one in every forty thousand people is completely colorblind.
People who see only in black and white are called
dichromats.
unichromats.
monochromats.
trichromats.
Rebecca tells Tom that he is singing "off pitch." Rebecca is referring to which physical property of sound?
Amplitude
Frequency
Loudness
Speed
Which of the following statements is true about sound waves?
Sound waves travel faster than light waves.
The frequency of sound waves determines their perceived loudness.
Humans hear by sensing sound waves that result from changes in the pressure of air or water
Sound waves can travel through the empty reaches of outer space.
n sound waves, height of the wave is to ________ as number of complete waves is to ________.
pitch; frequency
amplitude; decibel
decibel; amplitude
amplitude; frequency
"Make the TV louder," said Paula. "I did," said Jack, pointing at the remote. "Doesn't sound louder to me," said Paula. "Does to me," said Jack. Jack is failing to consider the discrepancy between his ______ and Paula's.
Weber's constant
subliminal difference
difference threshold
absolute threshold
The Gestalt laws of perceptual organization refer to
figure-ground and grouping
bottom-up processing.
perceptual constancies.
top-down processing.
What are the functions of rods and cones in the human eye?
Rods detect color, cones detect motion
Rods detect light intensity, cones detect color and detail
Both detect color and detail
Rods detect detail, cones detect light
In the human eye, rods are to _________, as cones are to ________.
light/ color
color/ light
monochromat/ dichromat
dichromat/ monochromat
lens/ iris
What sense helps maintain balance?
Vestibular
Kinesthetic
Proprioception
Audition
Olfaction
The specialized cells in each of the sense organs that collect information to send to the brain are called...
sensory cells
sensory nuerons
bipolar cells
ganglion cells
sensory receptors
The phenomenon of color constancy best demonstrates that...
an object's perceived color is influenced by its surrounding objects
the retina has three types of color receptors
the brain processes information about color and shape simultaneously
quivering eye movements help to maintain the perception of color
color vision depends on pairs of opposing retinal processes
Almost half the birds in the tree outside Brian's window were brown and the rest were red, so Brian perceived them as two different groups of birds. This best illustrates...
proximity
closure
similarity
connectedness
disparity
The area of the brain that receives information from the nose is directly connected to the limbic system, rather than relayed first through the thalamus. This connection may explain why smells are often involved in...
pain sensations
altered states of consciousness
subliminal messages
vivid memories
retinal disparity
The classic gate-control theory suggests that pain is experienced when small nerve fibers activate and open a neural gate in the...
basilar membrane
spinal cord
semicircular canal
olfactory bulbs
fovea
A psychologist believes her patient's chronic pain is influenced by his obsessive thoughts and unnecessary concern that he might be injured again in the future. What school of thought is this psychologist likely from?
Gestalt
Humanist
Cognitive
Biological
Socio-Cultural
Where is the basilar membrane located?
middle ear
auditory canal
semicircular canal
cochlea
feature detected
The coiled, fluid filled tube in which sound waves trigger nerve impulses is called...
eustachian tube
auditory canal
semicircular canal
cochlea
vestibular aparatus
What color afterimage would occur after viewing the color blue?
blue
red
yellow
green
white
The process by which your ears convert sound waves to neural impulses is called...
sensory adaptation
accommodation
parallel processing
sensory introduction
Transduction
The principle that two stimuli must differ by a constant proportion for their difference to be perceived is known as...
opponent process theory
feature detector
sensory interaction
Weber's law
absolute threshold
A person's diminished sensitivity to an unchanging stimulus is known as...
accomodation
parallel processing
sensory adaptation
transduction
sensory equilibrium
a person typically fails to consciously perceive their own nose in their line of vision. This best illustrates...
subliminal perception
change blindness
cocktail party effect
selective attention
visual cliff
While waiting in line at Starbucks, Kramer was playing games on his cell phone and subsequently failed to see the customer in front of him rob the cashier. This is an example of...
inattentional blindness
place theory
blind spot
feature detectors
sensory adaptation
Although Bill was seated next to his friend, he was able to smell the burning popcorn a full minute earlier than his friend. Bill must have a lower _________ for smell.
accommodation level
absolute threshold
tolerance level
gustatory saturation level
adaptation level
If you are expecting an important text message, you are much more likely to notice the sound as soon as the message arrives. This best illustrates...
priming
signal detection theory
difference threshold
absolute threshold
Weber's law
What three primary colors of light are detected by your cones?
Green, red, and blue
Black, gray, and white
Blue, red, and yellow
Blue, green, and purple
Cyan, magenta, and yellow
What is the first part of the eye that light hits?
lens
cornea
pupil
retina
iris
Racial and ethnic stereotypes can sometimes bias our perceptions of others' behaviors. This best illustrates the impact of
A. retinal disparity.
B. interposition.
C. top-down processing.
D. perceptual adaptation.
The fact that perceptions involve more than the sum of our sensations best illustrates the importance of:
A. top-down processing.
B. interposition.
C. retinal disparity.
D. visual capture.
Which of the following is true?
A. Humans cannot sense stimuli below the absolute threshold.
B. Humans cannot be affected by stimuli below the absolute threshold at all.
C. Stimuli presented below the absolute threshold can have a subtle, brief effect on behavior.
D. Stimuli presented below the absolute threshold exert a strong, powerful effect on behavior.
If you move your watchband up your wrist an inch or so, you will feel it for only a few moments. This best illustrates:
A. parallel processing.
B. accommodation.
C. sensory adaptation.
D. Weber's law.
As we look at a flower, the intensity of the color we see is related to the light wave’s:
A. amplitude.
B. hue.
C. length.
D. placement on the spectrum.
The eye’s “blind spot” is related to:
A. light rays focusing too far in front of the retina.
B. light rays focusing too far behind the retina.
C. a cluster of cells around the fovea which contains cones, but no rods.
D. an area without receptor cells where the optic nerve leaves the eye.
Rather than saying a person is “colorblind,” it would be more accurate to say that the person:
A. has a blind spot.
B. lacks red- or green-sensitive cones.
C. is experiencing an overstimulation of the red- and green-sensitive cones.
D. has an excess of blue-sensitive cones.
The hammer, anvil, and stirrup are found in the:
A. middle ear.
B. inner ear.
C. cochlea.
D. outer ear.
What is umami?
A. a savory, meaty taste sensation for which researchers recently discovered receptors on the tongue
B. receptors on the tongue that respond only to bitter tastes
C. receptors on the tongue that allow us to taste nutrients in food, such as proteins and vitamins
D. a condition in which there is a loss of the sensation of taste
As you talk with a friend at a party, her voice is distinct from all the other voices you hear. This illustrates the perceptual principle of:
A. grouping.
B. proximity.
C. closure.
D. figure-ground.
The way in which you quickly group the individual letters in this test item into separate words best illustrates the principle of:
A. closure.
B. proximity.
C. continuity.
D. convergence.
Makers of 3-D movies rely most heavily on:
A. the visual cliff.
B. the Müller-Lyer illusion.
C. retinal disparity.
D. shape constancy.
After hearing that Bryce had served a prison sentence, Janet began to perceive his friendly behavior as insincere and manipulative. This best illustrates the impact of:
A. perceptual sets.
B. visual capture.
C. bottom-up processing.
D. sensory adaptation.
If a person were able to sense that his friend’s dog was lost and needed help, this person would be said to have:
A. psychokinesis.
B. telepathy.
C. precognition.
D. clairvoyance.
Which of the following activities requires you to use the absolute threshold for sensation?
A. telling the difference between sweet and salty
B. detecting a tiny, faint light on a radar screen
C. deciding if two glasses contain the same amount of water
D. telling if your guitar is in tune
As a professional chef, which of the following sensations would you rely on most?
A. hearing
B. seeing
C. balance
D. smell
Your roommate, who has trouble understanding Weber’s Law, asks you, “How different do two stimuli need to be, in order for a person to notice the difference?” You explain that:
A. the stimuli must differ by at least ten percent.
B. the difference threshold decreases with the magnitude of the stimulus.
C. the minimum difference needed for detection depends on the type of stimulus.
D. Weber’s Law does not address this issue.
Researcher James Haxby (2001) stated, “We can tell if a person is looking at a shoe, a chair, or a face, based on the pattern of their brain activity.” This statement is relevant to:
A. sensory adaptation.
B. feature detection.
C. opponent-process theory.
D. place theory.
As we perceive the environment, we use Gestalt principles of good form to help organize things into meaningful groups and forms. In observing a football game on TV we are immediately able to recognize the players as members of their respective teams, regardless of their positions on the field. Which Gestalt principle is most responsible for this ability?
A. closure
B. proximity
C. similarity
D. continuity
In the same football game, we watch as a team attempts a field goal. Since the goal posts are distant and the time to make a decision is short, the referee must use many perceptual cues to decide whether the kick is good or not. One important ability is depth perception. Which of the following cues might be most helpful in deciding whether the field goal is successful?
A. linear perspective
B. motion parallax
C. convergence
D. interposition
You are an artist and you are interested in completing a painting that gives a three-dimensional appearance. You want to show a beach in the foreground of the painting, people swimming in the ocean, and sailboats in the distance. Which perceptual principles will be most helpful as you complete your painting?
A. binocular depth cues
B. monocular depth cues
C. Gestalt principles of proximity and continuity
D. perceptual principles only operate in “real life” situations
You are most likely to observe the phi phenomenon while:
A. looking at a string of Christmas tree lights that blink quickly in succession.
B. staring at a Necker cube.
C. comparing the size of the moon while its in the sky to its size near the horizon.
D. attempting to catch fly ball that is quickly coming toward you.
In the human eye, rods are to _________, as cones are to ________.
light/ color
color/ light
monochromat/ dichromat
dichromat/ monochromat
lens/ iris
What sense helps maintain balance?
Vestibular
Kinesthetic
Proprioception
Audition
Olfaction
The specialized cells in each of the sense organs that collect information to send to the brain are called...
sensory cells
sensory nuerons
bipolar cells
ganglion cells
sensory receptors
The phenomenon of color constancy best demonstrates that...
an object's perceived color is influenced by its surrounding objects
the retina has three types of color receptors
the brain processes information about color and shape simultaneously
quivering eye movements help to maintain the perception of color
color vision depends on pairs of opposing retinal processes
Almost half the birds in the tree outside Brian's window were brown and the rest were red, so Brian perceived them as two different groups of birds. This best illustrates...
proximity
closure
similarity
connectedness
disparity
The area of the brain that receives information from the nose is directly connected to the limbic system, rather than relayed first through the thalamus. This connection may explain why smells are often involved in...
pain sensations
altered states of consciousness
subliminal messages
vivid memories
retinal disparity
The classic gate-control theory suggests that pain is experienced when small nerve fibers activate and open a neural gate in the...
basilar membrane
spinal cord
semicircular canal
olfactory bulbs
fovea
A psychologist believes her patient's chronic pain is influenced by his obsessive thoughts and unnecessary concern that he might be injured again in the future. What school of thought is this psychologist likely from?
Gestalt
Humanist
Cognitive
Biological
Socio-Cultural
Where is the basilar membrane located?
middle ear
auditory canal
semicircular canal
cochlea
feature detected
The coiled, fluid filled tube in which sound waves trigger nerve impulses is called...
eustachian tube
auditory canal
semicircular canal
cochlea
vestibular aparatus
What color afterimage would occur after viewing the color blue?
blue
red
yellow
green
white
The process by which your ears convert sound waves to neural impulses is called...
sensory adaptation
accommodation
parallel processing
sensory introduction
Transduction
The principle that two stimuli must differ by a constant proportion for their difference to be perceived is known as...
opponent process theory
feature detector
sensory interaction
Weber's law
absolute threshold
A person's diminished sensitivity to an unchanging stimulus is known as...
accomodation
parallel processing
sensory adaptation
transduction
sensory equilibrium
a person typically fails to consciously perceive their own nose in their line of vision. This best illustrates...
subliminal perception
change blindness
cocktail party effect
selective attention
visual cliff
While waiting in line at Starbucks, Kramer was playing games on his cell phone and subsequently failed to see the customer in front of him rob the cashier. This is an example of...
inattentional blindness
place theory
blind spot
feature detectors
sensory adaptation
Although Bill was seated next to his friend, he was able to smell the burning popcorn a full minute earlier than his friend. Bill must have a lower _________ for smell.
accommodation level
absolute threshold
tolerance level
gustatory saturation level
adaptation level
If you are expecting an important text message, you are much more likely to notice the sound as soon as the message arrives. This best illustrates...
priming
signal detection theory
difference threshold
absolute threshold
Weber's law
What three primary colors of light are detected by your cones?
Green, red, and blue
Black, gray, and white
Blue, red, and yellow
Blue, green, and purple
Cyan, magenta, and yellow
What is the first part of the eye that light hits?
lens
cornea
pupil
retina
iris
Which part of the eye bends light waves so the images can be focused on the retina?
lens
cones
pupil
fovea
The theory that the retina contains three different color receptors- Red, Green, and Blue- is called
Young Helmholtz Trichromatic Theory
Gate control Theory
Place Theory
Tri Hue Theory
Frequency theory best explains _______, while place theory best explains ________.
how we process red, green, and blue light; why we experience color afterimages
how we perceive low-pitched sounds; how we perceive high-pitched sounds
how touch sensations involve more than tactile stimulation; why stroking a pressure spot leads to the sensation of a tickle
how phantom limb sensations occur; how stimulation of the larger fibers in the spinal cord stop pain
When informed that a brief imperceptible message would be flashed repeatedly during a popular TV program, many viewers reported feeling strangely hungry or thirsty during the show. Since the imperceptible message had nothing to do with hunger or thirst, viewers' strange reactions best illustrate
the McGurk effect.
sensory adaptation
a placebo effect
accommodation
Experiments with the visual cliff suggest that
humans must learn to recognize depth.
the ability to perceive depth is at least partly innate.
unlike other animals, humans do not perceive depth until about 8 months of age.
binocular cues are more important than monocular cues.
The axons of ganglion cells converge to form
the basilar membrane.
bipolar cells.
the auditory nerve.
the optic nerve.
Experiencing a green afterimage of a red object is most easily explained by
the opponent-process theory.
frequency theory.
place theory.
the Young-Helmholtz theory.
Which of the following types of cells are located in the brain's occipital lobe?
cochlea cells
feature detectors
rods and cones
bipolar cells
While a man provided directions to a construction worker, two experimenters rudely interrupted by passing between them carrying a door. The student's failure to notice that the construction worker was replaced by a different person during this interruption illustrates
change blindness.
top-down processing.
blind spot.
bottom-up processing.
