From a ______ point of view, _______ is a sequence of symbols that can be construed to a useful message

(a)  

knowledge communicated or received, concerning a particular fact or circumstance.

(a)  

gathers data and disseminates information with the sole purpose of providing information to its users

(a)  

is an information system that evaluates, analyzes, and processes an organizations data to produce meaningful and useful information based on which the management can take right decisions to ensure future growth of the organization.

(a)  

can be describes as unprocessed facts and figures

(a)  

plain collected data

(a)  

is defined as groups of non-random symbols in the form of text, images, voice representing, quantities, action, and objects

(a)  

is interpreted data; created from organized, structured, and processed data in a particular context

(a)  

according to (a)   , "information is a data that has been processed into a form that is meaningful to recipient and is of real or perceived value in the current or the prospective action or decision of recipient"

he is the one who provides an information Hierarchy

(a)  

The Information Hierarchy is called (a)   model

DIKW stands for

(a)  

this is the raw material of information

(a)  

this is the data organized and presented by someone

(a)  

information read, heard, or seen, and understood

(a)  

distilled and integrated knowledge and understanding

(a)  

a fact or a piece of information or a series thereof

(a)  

knowledge discerned from data

(a)  

information management pertaining to an organizations policy or decision-making, particularly when tied to strategic or operational objectives

(a)  

give the four information/data collection techniques

(a)  

a questionnaire is prepared to collect the data from the field

(a)  

data is collected through old records, magazines, company website etc

(a)  

an experimental test is conducted on the subject and the data is collected

(a)  

data is collected by the system analyst by following a rigid procedure and collecting the answers to a set of pre-conceived questions through personal interviews

(a)  

it is the process of classifying information into relevant categories

(a)  

Steps on classifying information

(a)  

- is any information that is preserved as confidential by all parties included or affected by that information.

(a)  

is used more often by governmental institutions as a legal term.

(a)  

represents all the Information that is available to most of the employees, but not to all of them.

(a)  

is information that all employees have access in the company

(a)  

is information that everyone in the organization and outside has access. Due to the comments and suggestions of the public people, the organization listens and analyzes their concerns, and then they are able to devise better relationships between organizations and society.

(a)  

what are the three (3) classification of Information?

(a)  

Based on (a)   classification of Management, information used in business for decision-making is generally categorized into three

is concerned with long term policy decisions that defines the objectives of a business and checks how well these objectives are met. For example, acquiring a new plant, a new product, diversification of business etc., comes under strategic information

(a)  

is concerned with the information needed for exercising control over business resources, like budgeting, quality control, service level, inventory level, productivity level etc

(a)  

is concerned with plant/business level information and is used to ensure proper conduction of specific operational tasks as planned/intended. Various operator specific, machine specific and shift specific jobs for quality control checks comes under this category.

(a)  

the Information which induces action. An example of this is No Stock Report which is called as a purchase action.

(a)  

the Information which communicates only the status of a situation. Stock Ledger shows the store transactions which is non - action

(a)  

the Information generated at regular intervals such as Monthly Sales Reports, the Stock Statements, and the Trial Balance.

(a)  

The Financial Analysis or the Report on the Market Research Study are the best example.

(a)  

The Information generated through the Internal Sources of the organization.

(a)  

Information generated through the Government Reports which are sources of the data are outside the organization.

(a)  

are the prime areas of computerization, and they contribute qualitatively to the Management Information System (MIS).

(a)  

is defined as "information about information".

(a)  

who invented the Organizational Information Theory

(a)  

this emphasizes that an organization reduces its equivocality or uncertainty by collecting, managing and using this information prudently. This information is used by everybody in the organization; examples of such information are employee and payroll information.

(a)  

this is operation specific information. For example, daily schedules in a manufacturing plant that refers to the detailed assignment of jobs to machines or machines to operators.

(a)  

- construes large quantities of information that has multiple usage and application. Such information is stored, retrieved and managed to create databases.

(a)  

is a vital resource for the success of any organization. Future of an organization lies in using and disseminating information wisely.

(a)  

is a value that would vary according to the users and uses of the information

(a)  

According to (a)   , following are the dimensions or elements of Information Quality: INTRINSIC, CONTEXTUAL, REPRESENTATIONAL, ACCESSIBILITY

Accuracy, Objectivity, Believability, Reputation

(a)  

Relevancy, Value-Added, Timeliness, Completeness, Amount of information

(a)  

Interpretability, Format, Coherence, Compatibility

(a)  

Accessibility, Access security

(a)  

It should be verifiable and dependable

(a)  

It must be current and it must reach the users well in time, so that important decisions can be made in time

(a)  

It should be current and valid information and it should reduce uncertainties.

(a)  

It should be free of errors and mistakes, true, and not deceptive.

(a)  

It should be adequate in quantity, so that decisions can be made on its basis.

(a)  

It should be expressed in clear terms. In other words, in should be comprehensive.

(a)  

it should meet all the needs in the current context

(a)  

It should be impartial, free from any bias. In other words, it should have integrity.

(a)  

It should not need any further explanation.

(a)  

it should be of uniform collection, analysis, content, and format.

(a)  

It could be used by documented methods on the same data set to achieve a consistent result

(a)  

is a multi-attribute concept. If the attributes that define quality of information are of good quality or of high value then the information is said to have good quality

(a)  

what are the attributes of quality information?

(a)  

- The speed at which the information is received. The faster the information better is its quality

(a)  

is the suitability matching of the receiver and the information, more the suitability of the information to the receiver, better its quality.

(a)  

is a key attribute of quality. Only if the information is reliable is it of any use.

(a)  

It is a condition where there is more information than one can handle

(a)  

what are the causes of information overload?

(a)  

Tips to Solve Information Overload Problem

What are the techniques in managing information overload?

(a)  

it reduces the amount of data transmission without changing the essential meanings of the original message.

(a)  

Process of reaching a conclusion based on facts or evidence

are drawn form a large volume of data and these are transmitted or communicated in the organization instead of original data.

(a)  

The message should be distributed to only those persons or departments which really require information to make a decision or initiate an action.

(a)  

is needed to survive in the modern competitive world.

is needed to create strong information systems and keep these systems up to

date.

(a)  

A complete business information system,

accomplishes the following functionalities:

(a)  

what are the Five Main Uses of Information by Businesses and

Other Organizations?

(a)  

information is the most important

ingredient in decision making. Information at

at this stage includes that of business resources,

assets, liabilities, plants and machineries, properties,

suppliers, customers, competitors, and market.

(a)  

it involves recording information

about each transaction or event. This information

collected, stored and updated regularly at the

operational level.

(a)  

A business need to set up an

information filter, so that only filtered data is

presented to the middle and top management.

(a)  

A business measures its

performance metrics by collecting and analyzing

sales data, cost of manufacturing, and profit earned.

(a)  

MIS is primarily

concerned with managerial decision-making, theory

of organizational behavior, and underlying human

behavior in organizational context.

(a)  

they make decisions.

(a)  

Decision-making

generally takes a four-fold path: what are those?

(a)  

is an information system that provides information

in the form of standardized reports and displays for the

managers.

(a)  

is a broad class of information systems

designed to provide information needed for effective

decision making.

(a)  

is the process

of controlling, organizing, and disseminating

information resources within an organization or

system.

(a)  

provides a set of principles for

organizing data.

(a)  

is considered to be atomic or

the simplest element of data organization that cannot be

divided any further.

(a)  

The structure (or so called (a)   ) of a typical record

comprises of a set of data items that generally represent a

meaningful entity.

constructs of a Data Model

(a)  

has become a default standard

character sets used on most personal computers and

workstations.

(a)  

The ASCII coding scheme, based on

the English alphabet, provides encoding for (a)  

symbols.

originated

from PICTURE ELEMENT.

(a)  

a structured approach to information storage.

(a)  

decisions are made to

ensure smooth running of operational processes or day to

day business. At this level it is necessary to oversee that

resources are used efficiently, inventory is up to date,

production levels are as planned, etc.

(a)  

has a typical timeframe ranging from weeks to

several month or a year. Middle management usually

controls medium term scheduling, forecasting and

budgeting operations.

These rely on internal as well as occasional external

information. For instance, setting the quarterly budget

requires the knowledge of current expenditure as well as

external pricing information.

(a)  

will focus on general, or

strategic, issues related to overall business development in

the long term such as restructuring, major financial

investments and other strategic undertakings related to

company’s future rather than present.

(a)  

is a planning document usually created at the

strategic level by the Chief Information Officer

(CIO), possibly together with a Chief

Technology Officer (CTO) and IT manager.

(a)  

is developed to

support the overall business strategy of an

organization and explains how information should

be captured, processed, used and disposed of

throughout its lifecycle.

(a)  

This document is

extremely important when an organization handles

security sensitive data or is subject to government

guidelines related to information processing.

(a)