• A system of government in which the ruler holds absolute power

an intellectual movement that took place in Europe during the 1700’s that advocated for the use of reason in choosing how societies should be governed

Philosopher whose ideas about natural rights to life, liberty, and property influenced the American, French, and Haitian Revolutions

Philosopher whose ideas about freedom of speech and freedom of religion influenced political revolutions

Philosopher whose ideas about separation of powers influenced various political revolutions

Philosopher whose ideas about the "social contract" and the "general will" influenced various political revolutions

A political revolution in which members of the 3rd Estate rebelled against the 1st and 2nd Estates due to unfair taxation and absolutism

A revolution that saw society transform from agrarian to industrial

This term refers to the growth of cities (often times it was rather messy and workers and immigrants struggled to get by)

A method of production that allowed different people to focus on different task to help produce a manufactured good

Economic system in which traditions and customs dictate how goods and services are managed; oftentimes people using this economic system barter instead of using money

economic system based on supply and demand in which there is competition between private individuals and businesses; often called capitalism

economic system in which factors of production are publicly owned and the government dictates what is produced and how much; often called socialism and related to communism

an economic system in which some factors of production are publicly owned and some are privately owned

• unrestricted capitalism; no government involvement in the economy; theory that the market is governed by an invisible hand

• the production, consumption, and transfer of wealth

The founder of Communism; wrote the "Communist Manifesto" to expose the negative effects of industrialization and capitalism/market economy

Famous CEO who pioneered the assembly line and established the 40-hour work week and minimum wage for workers in his company

What reform successfully addressed the negative effects of the Industrial Revolution?