The shape of an s orbital is flat and circular.

The shape of an s orbital is spherical.

The shape of an s orbital is triangular.

The shape of an s orbital is dumbbell-shaped.

2

6

8

4

2

8

4

6

Valence electrons only affect physical properties, not bonding.

Valence electrons are irrelevant in chemical reactions.

Valence electrons are significant in bonding because they determine how atoms interact and bond with each other, influencing the formation and type of chemical bonds.

All electrons in an atom participate equally in bonding.

1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s¹

1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s²

1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3p¹

1s² 2s² 3p⁶ 3s¹

f-orbital

d-orbital

s-orbital

p-orbital

Determine the atom's mass number.

Identify the atom's atomic number.

Count the unpaired electrons in the atom's electron configuration.

Count the total number of electrons in the atom.

[noble gas] ns^1 (n-1)d^x

[noble gas] ns^2 (n-1)d^10

[noble gas] ns^2 (n-1)d^x

[noble gas] ns^2 (n-1)d^5

A d orbital has a single lobe extending in one direction.

The shape of a d orbital is generally described as having four lobes in a cloverleaf pattern, with one orbital (dz2) featuring a ring.

The shape of a d orbital is spherical with no lobes.

The d orbital is shaped like a straight line with two ends.

Valence electrons determine an element's reactivity and bonding behavior, influencing its chemical properties.

Valence electrons are irrelevant to chemical reactions.

Valence electrons only determine the color of an element.

Valence electrons have no effect on an element's properties.

1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁵

1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁴

1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶

1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p³