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Bi231 CH12

Total questions: 54

Worksheet time: 29mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

______ are the most numerous type of neuron in the CNS.

a)

Bipolar neurons

b)

Interneurons

c)

Motor neurons

d)

Unipolar neurons

e)

Sensory neurons

2.

Branches that may occur along an axon are called

a)

Collaterals

b)

Synaptic terminals

c)

Telodendria

d)

Synapses

e)

Hillocks

3.

Sensory neurons of the PNS are

a)

Bipolar

b)

Unipolar

c)

Multipolar

d)

Tripolar

e)

Anaxonic

4.

The plasma membrane of an axon is called the

a)

Axon terminal

b)

Neurilemma

c)

Myelin sheath

d)

Axolemma

e)

Sarcolemma

5.

_______ monitor the position of skeletal muscles and joints.

a)

Interoceptors

b)

Proprioceptors

c)

Exteroceptors

d)

Photoreceptors

e)

Pressoreceptors

6.

Most neurons lack _______ and so are permanently blocked from undergoing cell division.

a)

endoplasmic reticula

b)

cytoplasm

c)

centrioles

d)

a nucleus

e)

ribosomes

7.

The part of the peripheral nervous system that carries sensory information to the CNS is designated

a)

somatic.

b)

motor.

c)

autonomic.

d)

afferent.

e)

efferent.

8.

Graded potentials

a)

may be either a depolarization or a hyperpolarization.

b)

are always a depolarization.

c)

are always a hyperpolarization.

d)

do not affect membrane potential.

9.

When potassium channels open and the ions diffuse through the membrane,

a)

the membrane will depolarize to threshold.

b)

the inside of the membrane will become more positive.

c)

the inside of the membrane will become more negative.

d)

the membrane will become depolarized.

e)

there will be almost no effect on transmembrane potential.

10.

The period during which an excitable membrane cannot respond to further stimulation is the _______ period.

a)

stationary

b)

resting

c)

absolute refractory

d)

lag

e)

relative refractory

11.

Which type of synapse is most common in the nervous system?

a)

radiative

b)

mechanical

c)

chemical

d)

electrical

e)

Processing

12.

Opening of sodium channels in the axon membrane causes

a)

inhibition.

b)

depolarization.

c)

increased negative charge inside the membrane.

d)

repolarization.

e)

hyperpolarization.

13.

The sum of the electrical and chemical forces acting on an ion is known as its

a)

electrochemical gradient.

b)

action potential.

c)

thermodynamic difference.

d)

summation difference.

e)

permeability gradient.

14.

How would the absolute refractory period be affected if voltage-regulated sodium channels failed to inactivate?

a)

It would be basically unaffected.

b)

It would last indefinitely.

c)

It would be much briefer.

15.

Cholinergic synapses release the neurotransmitter

a)

norepinephrine.

b)

adrenalin.

c)

GABA.

d)

acetylcholine.

e)

serotonin.

16.

In which of the following would the rate of impulse conduction be the greatest?

a)

a nonmyelinated fiber of 20-μm diameter

b)

a myelinated fiber of 1-μm diameter

c)

a nonmyelinated fiber of 10-μm diameter

d)

a myelinated fiber of 10-μm diameter

e)

It would be the same in all because of the all-or-none principle.

17.

The release of GABA and subsequent inhibition of voltage gated calcium channels is associated with

a)

temporal summation.

b)

presynaptic facilitation.

c)

spatial facilitation.

d)

spatial summation.

e)

presynaptic inhibition.

18.

When a second EPSP (excitatory postsynaptic potential) arrives at a single synapse before the effects of the first have disappeared, what occurs?

a)

decrease in speed of impulse transmission

b)

spatial summation

c)

hyperpolarization

d)

temporal summation

e)

inhibition of the impulse

19.

A neuron whose membrane potential shifts closer to threshold is said to be

a)

depolarized.

b)

repolarized.

c)

hyperpolarized.

d)

facilitated.

e)

at equilibrium

20.

In one form of presynaptic inhibition, the release of ______ inhibits the opening of voltage-gated calcium channels in the axon terminus.

a)

GABA

b)

dopamine

c)

aspartate

d)

glutamate

e)

serotonin

21.

What is the proper sequence of these events in the generation of an action potential?

1. Sodium channels are inactivated.

2. Voltage-gated potassium channels open and potassium moves out of the cell, initiating repolarization.

3. Sodium channels regain their normal properties.

4. A graded depolarization brings an area of an excitable membrane to threshold.

5. A temporary hyperpolarization occurs.

6. Sodium channel activation occurs.

7. Sodium ions enter the cell and depolarization occurs.

a)

2, 4, 6, 7, 1, 3, 5

b)

4, 2, 5, 6, 7, 3, 1

c)

4, 6, 7, 3, 2, 5, 1

d)

4, 6, 7, 1, 2, 3, 5

e)

6, 7, 4, 1, 2, 3, 5

22.

The all-or-none principle states that

a)

all stimuli will produce identical action potentials.

b)

only motor stimuli can activate action potentials.

c)

only sensory stimuli can activate action potentials.

d)

the greater the magnitude of the stimuli, the greater the magnitude of the action potential.

e)

all stimuli great enough to bring the membrane to threshold will produce identical action potentials.

23.

The following are the steps involved in transmission at a cholinergic synapse. What is the correct sequence for these events?

1. Chemically-gated sodium channels on the postsynaptic membrane are activated.

2. Calcium ions enter the synaptic terminal.

3. Acetylcholinesterase hydrolyzes acetylcholine.

4. An action potential depolarizes the synaptic terminal at the presynaptic membrane.

5. The pre-synaptic terminal reabsorbs choline.

6. Acetylcholine is released from storage vesicles by exocytosis.

7. Acetylcholine binds to receptors on the postsynaptic membrane.

8. Calcium ions are removed from the cytoplasm of the pre-synaptic terminal. What is the proper sequence of these events?

a)

4, 2, 6, 7, 8, 5, 3, 1

b)

6, 4, 2, 7, 1, 8, 3, 5

c)

4, 2, 6, 7, 1, 8, 3, 5

d)

2, 5, 4, 6, 7, 1, 8, 3

e)

2, 4, 6, 7, 1, 8, 3, 5

24.

Which of the following types of nerve fiber possesses the fastest speed of impulse propagation?

a)

type A

b)

type B

c)

type C

d)

type D

e)

type E

25.

At the normal resting membrane potential of a typical neuron, its sodium-potassium exchange pump transports

a)

3 extracellular sodium ions for 2 intracellular potassium ions.

b)

2 intracellular sodium ions for 1 extracellular potassium ion.

c)

3 intracellular sodium ions for 2 extracellular potassium ions.

d)

3 intracellular sodium ions for 1 extracellular potassium ion.

e)

1 intracellular sodium ion for 2 extracellular potassium ions.

26.

Voltage-gated sodium channels have both an activation gate and a(n) _______ gate.

a)

swinging

b)

ion

c)

inactivation

d)

chemical

e)

repolarization

27.

Puffer fish poison blocks voltage-gated sodium channels like a cork. What effect would this neurotoxin have on the function of neurons?

a)

Action potentials would lack a repolarization phase.

b)

Neurons would depolarize more rapidly.

c)

The axon would be unable to generate action potentials.

d)

The absolute refractory period would be shorter than normal.

e)

None, because the chemically gated sodium channels would still function.

28.

A postsynaptic neuron will have an excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) when

a)

more calcium ions than usual diffuse into the neuron.

b)

the neuron is hyperpolarized.

c)

chemically regulated sodium channels are open and sodium is diffusing into the cell.

d)

more potassium ions than usual diffuse out of the neuron.

e)

chemically regulated potassium channels are open and potassium is diffusing out of the cell.

29.

When a second EPSP (excitatory postsynaptic potential) arrives at a single synapse before the effects of the first have disappeared, what occurs?

a)

decrease in speed of impulse transmission

b)

spatial summation

c)

hyperpolarization

d)

temporal summation

e)

inhibition of the impulse

30.

Summation that results from the cumulative effect of multiple synapses at multiple places on the neuron is designated

a)

impulse transmission.

b)

inhibition of the impulse.

c)

spatial summation.

d)

hyperpolarization.

e)

temporal summation.

31.

The site in the neuron where EPSPs and IPSPs are integrated is the

a)

dendritic membrane.

b)

chemical synapse.

c)

axon hillock

d)

synaptic terminal

e)

initial segment

32.

Which of the following is a type of glial cell found in the peripheral nervous system?

a)

oligodendrocytes

b)

ependymal cells

c)

astrocytes

d)

satellite cells

e)

microglia

33.

Clusters of RER and free ribosomes in neurons are called

a)

neurofibrils

b)

microglia

c)

Nissl bodies

d)

neurofilaments

e)

perikaryon

34.

Functions of astrocytes include all of the following except

a)

responding to neural tissue damage

b)

forming a three-dimensional framework for the CNS

c)

guiding neuron development

d)

conducting action potentials

e)

maintaining the blood-brain barrier

35.

The site of intercellular communication between a neuron and another cell is the

a)

axolemma

b)

telodendria

c)

collateral

d)

hillock

e)

synapse

36.

The myelin sheath that covers many CNS axons is formed by

a)

satellite cells

b)

microglia

c)

oligodendrocytes

d)

ependymal cells

e)

astrocytes

37.

Small, wandering cells that engulf cell debris and pathogens in the CNS are called

a)

microglia

b)

ependymal cells

c)

oligodendrocytes

d)

satellite cells

e)

astrocytes

38.

All of the following cause demyelination except

a)

heavy-metal ion poisoning

b)

dopamine deficiency

c)

multiple sclerosis

d)

diphtheria

e)

All of these cause demyelination

39.

During repolarization of a neuron

a)

sodium ions move out of the cell

b)

potassium ions move into the cell

c)

potassium ions move out of the cell

d)

sodium ions move into the cell

e)

both sodium and potassium ions move into the cell

40.

Any stimulus that opens a _______ ion channel will produce a graded potential.

a)

All of the answers are correct

b)

chemically gated

c)

voltage-gated

d)

sodium

e)

mechanically gated

41.

If the permeability of a resting axon to sodium ion increases,

a)

the membrane potential will hyperpolarize

b)

outward movement of sodium ion will decrease

c)

inward movement of sodium ion will increase, and the membrane will depolarize

d)

the membrane potential will repolarize

e)

inward movement of sodium ion will increase

42.

The period during which an excitable membrane can respond again, but only if the stimulus is greater than the threshold stimulus, is the ______ period.

a)

relative refractory

b)

absolute refractory

c)

latent

d)

resting

e)

stationary

43.

Which of the following is not a recognized structural classification for neurons?

a)

multipolar

b)

pseudopolar

c)

unipolar

d)

bipolar

e)

anaxonic

44.

The part of the peripheral nervous system that carries motor information from the CNS is designated ______.

a)

afferent

b)

somatic

c)

autonomic

d)

efferent

e)

motor

45.

Neurons that are rare, small, and lack features that distinguish dendrites from axons are called ______.

a)

unipolar

b)

anaxonic

c)

tripolar

d)

multipolar

e)

bipolar

46.

The ______ nervous system controls the skeletal muscles.

a)

afferent

b)

sympathetic

c)

autonomic

d)

somatic

e)

parasympathetic

47.

IPSPs (inhibitory postsynaptic potentials)

a)

are local depolarizations.

b)

block the efflux of calcium ions.

c)

increase membrane permeability to sodium ions.

d)

are local hyperpolarizations.

e)

block the efflux of potassium ions.

48.

The part of the neuron that receives incoming messages is the

a)

dendrite

b)

axon

c)

cell body

d)

axon terminal

e)

initial segment

49.

What is the primary function of myelin sheath in the nervous system?

a)

To provide nutrients to neurons.

b)

To store neurotransmitters.

c)

To protect the brain from toxins.

d)

To increase the speed of nerve impulse transmission.

e)

To generate action potentials.

50.

Which ion is primarily responsible for the depolarization phase of an action potential?

a)

Calcium

b)

Potassium

c)

Sodium

d)

Chloride

e)

Magnesium

51.

What is the role of the sodium-potassium pump in neurons?

a)

To facilitate synaptic transmission.

b)

To initiate action potentials.

c)

To block ion channels.

d)

To maintain the resting membrane potential.

e)

To release neurotransmitters.

52.

The stimulation level (approximately -55milivolts) that must be achieved to elicit the sequence of electrical changes in part of a nerve cell or muscle cell known as an impulse is called the

a)

action potential

b)

polarized potential

c)

threshold potential

d)

resting potential

e)

relative refractory

53.

What is the resting potential of a neuron?

a)

-70 mV

b)

-40 mV

c)

0 mV

d)

+30 mV

e)

10 mV

54.

During the process of Wallerian degeneration, this cell facilitates repair:

a)

ependymal cells

b)

satellite cells

c)

schwann cell

d)

oligodendrocytes

e)

astrocytes

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