In which period of the English language did the Great Vowel Shift occur?

To which period does the pronunciation of the word mouse as [muːs] belong?

In which period did the sound [x] (as in niht, "night") disappear?

To which period does the appearance of silent consonants in words like gnome and knight belong?

When did the pronunciation of the letter r begin to disappear at the end of words in British English (e.g., in the word car)?

To which period does the pronunciation of vowels as more "open" and close to their spelling (e.g., nama as [ˈnɑːmɑ]) belong?

When did changes involving the emergence of [ʒ] (as in measure) begin in the English language?

In which period of the English language was the word night pronounced as [niːxt]?

When did long vowels in the English language begin to turn into diphthongs (e.g., [iː] → [aɪ] in the word time)?