Which is a synonym of the underlined phrase?

"Shipbuilding today is based on science and ships are built using computers and sophisticated tools."

Which is a synonym of the underlined phrase?

"The Romans were not traditionally sailors but mostly land-based people, who learned to build ships from the people that they conquered, namely the Greeks and the Egyptians."

Which is a synonym of the underlined verb?

"The Romans were not traditionally sailors but mostly land-based people, who learned to build ships from the people that they conquered (C1), namely the Greeks and the Egyptians."

What does the underlined phrase mean in Vietnamese?

"There are a few surviving written documents that give descriptions and representations of ancient Roman ships, including the sails (C2) and rigging."

What does the underlined phrase mean in Vietnamese?

"Studies of these have taught us that ancient Roman shipbuilders built the outer hull first, then proceeded with the frame and the rest of the ship."

Which is a synonym of the underlined phrase?

"Studies of these have taught us that ancient Roman shipbuilders built the outer hull first, then proceeded with (C1) the frame and the rest of the ship."

What does the underlined phrases mean in Vietnamese?

"Planks used to build the outer hull were initially sewn together."

Which is a synonym of the underlined phrase?

"Then in the first centuries of the current era, Mediterranean shipbuilders shifted to another shipbuilding method, still in use today, which consisted of building the frame first and then proceeding with the hull and the other components of the ship."

Which is NOT a synonym of the underlined phrase?

"Then in the first centuries of the current era, Mediterranean shipbuilders shifted to another shipbuilding method, still in use today, which consisted of building the frame first and then proceeding with the hull and the other components of the ship."

Which is a synonym of the underlined word?

"The ancient Romans built large merchant ships and warships whose size and technology were unequalled until the 16th century CE."

What does the underlined word mean in Vietnamese?

"They had to be able to sail near the coast which is why they had no ballast or excess load and were built with a long, narrow hull."

What does the underlined phrase mean in Vietnamese?

"They had to be able to sail near the coast which is why they had no ballast or excess load and were built with a long, narrow hull."

Which is a synonym of the underlined word?

"They did not sink when damaged and often would lie crippled on the sea’s surface following naval battles."

What does the underlined phrase mean in Vietnamese?

"They did not sink when damaged and often would lie crippled on the sea’s surface following naval battles."

Which is a synonym of the underlined phrase?

"They did not sink when damaged and often would lie crippled on the sea’s surface following naval (C2) battles."

What does the underlined phrase mean in Vietnamese?

"They had a bronze battering ram, which was used to pierce the timber hulls or break the oars of enemy vessels."

What does the underlined word mean?

"They had a bronze battering ram, which was used to pierce the timber hulls or break the oars of enemy vessels."

Which is a synonym of the underlined word?

"They had a bronze battering ram, which was used to pierce the timber hulls or break the oars of enemy vessels."

Which is a synonym of the underlined word?

"Warships used both wind (sails) and human power (oarsmen) and were therefore very fast."

Which is a synonym of the underlined word?

"It is worth noting that contrary to popular perception (C2), rowers were not slaves but mostly Roman citizens enrolled in the military."

What does the underlined phrase mean in Vietnamese?

"It is worth noting that contrary to popular perception (C2), rowers were not slaves but mostly Roman citizens enrolled in the military."

Which is a synonym of the underlined word?

"The trireme was superseded by larger ships with even more rowers."

Which is a synonym of the underlined word?

"Merchant ships were built to transport lots of cargo (C2) over long distances and at a reasonable cost."

Which is a synonym of the underlined phrase?

"Merchant ships were built to transport lots of cargo (C2) over long distances and at a reasonable cost."

What does the underlined phrase mean in Vietnamese?

"They usually had two huge side rudders located off the stern and controlled by a small tiller bar connected to a system of cables."

What does the underlined phrase mean in Vietnamese?

"They usually had two huge side rudders located off the stern and controlled by a small tiller bar connected to a system of cables."

What does the underlined phrase mean in Vietnamese?

"They usually had two huge side rudders located off the stern and controlled by a small tiller bar connected to a system of cables."

What does the underlined word mean in Vietnamese?

"They had from one to three masts with large square sails and a small triangular sail at the bow."

What does the underlined phrase mean in Vietnamese?

"The cargo on merchant ships included raw materials (e.g. iron bars, copper, marble and granite), and agricultural products (e.g. grain from Egypt’s Nile valley)."

Which is a synonym of the underlined word?

"Goods from all over the world would come to the city through the port of Pozzuoli situated west of the bay of Naples in Italy and through the gigantic port of Ostia situated at the mouth of the Tiber River."

What does the underlined phrase in this sentence mean?

"Large merchant ships would approach the destination port and, just like today, be intercepted by a number of towboats that would drag them to the quay."

What does the underlined word mean in Vietnamese?

"Large merchant ships would approach the destination port and, just like today, be intercepted by a number of towboats that would drag them to the quay."

Which is NOT a synonym of the underlined word?

"Large merchant ships would approach the destination port and, just like today, be intercepted by a number of towboats that would drag them to the quay (/kiː/)."

What does the underlined phrase mean?

"In conditions of good visibility, seamen in the Mediterranean often had the mainland or islands in sight, which greatly facilitated navigation."

Which is a synonym of the underlined word?

"They sailed by noting their position relative to a succession of recognisable landmarks."

Which is a synonym of the underlined phrase?

"They sailed by noting their position relative to a succession of recognisable landmarks."

Which is a synonym of the underlined word?

"When weather conditions were not good or where land was no longer visible, Roman mariners estimated directions from the pole star or, with less accuracy, from the Sun at noon."

Which is a synonym of the underlined word?

"When weather conditions were not good or where land was no longer visible, Roman mariners estimated directions from the pole star or, with less accuracy, from the Sun at noon."

Which is a synonym of the underlined word?

"They also estimated directions relative to the wind and swell."

Which is a synonym of the underlined word?

"Overall, shipping in ancient Roman times resembled (C1) shipping today with large vessels regularly crossing the seas and bringing supplies from their Empire."

Which is a synonym of the underlined word?

"They often remained afloat after battles and were able to sail close to land as they lacked any additional weight."

Which is a synonym of the underlined phrase?

"Merchant ships were steered through the water with the help of large rudders and a tiller bar."

What does the underlined phrase mean in Vietnamese?

"When the weather was clear and they could see islands or land, sailors used landmarks that they knew to help them navigate their route."

What does the underlined word mean?

"Climate change reveals ancient artefacts in Norway’s glaciers."

What does the underlined word mean in Vietnamese?

"Well above the treeline in Norway’s highest mountains, ancient fields of ice are shrinking as Earth’s climate warms."

Which is a synonym of the underlined word?

"Well above the treeline in Norway’s highest mountains, ancient fields of ice are shrinking as Earth’s climate warms."

Which is a synonym of the underlined word?

"As the ice has vanished, it has been giving up the treasures it has preserved in cold storage for the last 6,000 years – items such as ancient arrows and skis from Viking Age* traders."

Which is a synonym of the underlined phrase?

"And those artefacts have provided archaeologists with some surprising insights into how ancient Norwegians made their livings."

What does the underlined word mean in Vietnamese?

"Organic materials like textiles and hides are relatively rare finds at archaeological sites."

What does the underlined word mean in Vietnamese?

"This is because unless they’re protected from the microorganisms that cause decay (C2), they tend not to last long."

Which is a synonym of the underlined phrase?

"Extreme cold is one reliable way to keep artefacts relatively fresh for a few thousand years, but once thawed out, these materials experience degradation relatively swiftly."

Which is a synonym of the underlined phrase?

"Extreme cold is one reliable way to keep artefacts relatively fresh for a few thousand years, but once thawed out, these materials experience degradation relatively swiftly."

Which is a synonym of the underlined phrase?

"With climate change shrinking ice cover around the world, glacial archaeologists need to race the clock to find newly revealed artefacts, preserve them, and study them."

What does the underlined word mean?

"If something fragile (C2) dries and is windblown it might very soon be lost to science, or an arrow might be exposed and then covered again by the next snow and remain well-preserved."

Which is a synonym of the underlined word?

"The unpredictability means that glacial archaeologists have to be systematic (C2) in their approach to fieldwork."

Which is a synonym of the underlined word?

"Reindeer once congregated on these ice patches in the later summer months to escape biting insects, and from the late Stone Age**, hunters followed."

What does the underlined phrase mean in Vietnamese?

"Reindeer once congregated on these ice patches (C2) in the later summer months to escape biting insects, and from the late Stone Age**, hunters followed."

What does the underlined phrase mean in Vietnamese?

"In addition, trade routes threaded through the mountain passes of Oppland, linking settlements in Norway to the rest of Europe."

Which is a synonym of the underlined word?

"In addition, trade routes threaded through the mountain passes of Oppland, linking settlements (C2) in Norway to the rest of Europe."

Which is a synonym of the underlined word?

"The slow but steady movement of glaciers tends to destroy anything at their bases, so the team focused on stationary patches of ice, mostly above 1,400 metres."

Which is a synonym of the underlined preposition?

"That ice is found amid (C1) fields of frost-weathered boulders, fallen rocks, and exposed bedrock that for nine months of the year is buried beneath snow."

What does the underlined phrase mean in Vietnamese?

"That ice is found amid (C1) fields of frost-weathered boulders, fallen rocks, and exposed bedrock that for nine months of the year is buried beneath snow."

What does the underlined word mean in Vietnamese?

"‘Fieldwork is hard work – hiking with all our equipment, often camping on permafrost – but very rewarding."

What does the underlined word mean in Vietnamese?

"‘Fieldwork is hard work – hiking with all our equipment, often camping on permafrost – but very rewarding."

Which is a synonym of the underlined phrase?

"At the edges of the contracting ice patches, archaeologists found more than 2,000 artefacts, which formed a material record that ran from 4,000 BCE to the beginnings of the Renaissance in the 14th century."

Which is a synonym of the underlined word?

"Hunters would have easily misplaced (C2) arrows and they often discarded broken bows rather than take them all the way home."

Which is a synonym of the underlined word?

"Hunters would have easily misplaced (C2) arrows and they often discarded broken bows rather than take them all the way home."

Which is a synonym of the underlined phrase?

"Other items could have been used by hunters traversing the high mountain passes of Oppland: all-purpose items like tools, skis, and horse tack."

What does the underlined word mean in Vietnamese?

"Barrett’s team radiocarbon-dated 153 of the artefacts and compared those dates to the timing of major environmental changes in the region – such as periods of cooling or warming – and major social and economic shifts – such as the growth of farming settlements and the spread of international trade networks leading up to the Viking Age."

What does "Major social and economic shifts" mean in Vietnamese?

Which is a synonym of the underlined phrase?

"Oppland’s mountains present daunting terrain and in periods of extreme cold, glaciers could block the higher mountain passes and make travel in the upper reaches of the mountains extremely difficult."

What does the underlined phrase mean in Vietnamese?

"Oppland’s mountains present daunting terrain and in periods of extreme cold, glaciers could block the higher mountain passes and make travel in the upper reaches of the mountains extremely difficult."

What does the underlined phrase mean in Vietnamese?

"Archaeologists assumed people would stick to lower elevations during a time like the Late Antique Little Ice Age, a short period of deeper-than-usual cold from about 536-600 CE."

Which is a synonym of the underlined phrase?

"But it turned out that hunters kept regularly venturing into the mountains even when the climate turned cold, based on the amount of stuff they had apparently dropped there."

What does the underlined word mean?

‘Remarkably, though, the finds from the ice may have continued through this period, perhaps suggesting that the importance of mountain hunting increased to supplement (C2) failing agricultural harvests in times of low temperatures,’ says Barrett.

What does this sentence simply mean?

‘Remarkably, though, the finds from the ice may have continued through this period, perhaps suggesting that the importance of mountain hunting increased to supplement (C2) failing agricultural harvests in times of low temperatures,’ says Barrett.

Which is a synonym of the underlined phrase?

"And growing Norwegian towns, along with export markets, would have created a booming demand for hides to fight off the cold, as well as antlers to make useful things like combs."

Which is a synonym of the underlined word?

"In fact, archaeological finds from that period are rare all over Norway. The researchers say that could be because many of those artefacts have already disintegrated or are still frozen in the ice."

Which is a synonym of the underlined word?

"That means archaeologists could be extracting some of those artefacts from retreating ice in years to come."

What does the underlined phrase mean in Vietnamese?

"That means archaeologists could be extracting some of those artefacts from retreating ice in years to come."

What does the underlined phrase mean in Vietnamese?

"Plant ‘thermometer’ triggers springtime growth by measuring night-time heat.'

What does the underlined phrase mean in Vietnamese?

"A photoreceptor molecule in plant cells has been found to have a second job as a thermometer after dark – allowing plants to read seasonal temperature changes."

What does the underlined phrase mean in Vietnamese?

"A photoreceptor molecule in plant cells has been found to have a second job as a thermometer after dark – allowing plants to read (C2) seasonal temperature changes."

Which is a synonym of the underlined phrase?

"Scientists say the discovery could help breed crops that are more resilient to the temperatures expected to result from climate change."

Which is a synonym of the underlined word?

"Researchers have revealed that molecules called phytochromes – used by plants to detect (C1) light during the day – actually change their function in darkness to become cellular temperature gauges that measure the heat of the night."

What does the underlined phrase mean in Vietnamese?

"Researchers have revealed that molecules called phytochromes – used by plants to detect (C1) light during the day – actually change their function in darkness to become cellular temperature gauges that measure the heat of the night."

What does the underlined phrase mean in Vietnamese?

"The new findings, published in the journal Science, show that phytochromes control genetic switches in response to temperature as well as light to dictate (C1) plant development."

Which is NOT a synonym of the underlined word?

"The new findings, published in the journal Science, show that phytochromes control genetic switches in response to temperature as well as light to dictate (C1) plant development."

What does the underlined phrase mean in Vietnamese?

"At night, these molecules change states, and the pace at which they change is ‘directly proportional to temperature’, say scientists, who compare phytochromes to mercury in a thermometer."

Which is a synonym of the underlined word?

"The warmer it is, the faster the molecular change – stimulating plant growth."

Which is a synonym of the underlined word?

"Farmers and gardeners have known for hundreds of years how responsive plants are to temperature: warm winters cause many trees and flowers to bud early, something humans have long used to predict weather and harvest times for the coming year."

Which is a synonym of the underlined word?

"The latest research pinpoints for the first time a molecular mechanism in plants that reacts to temperature – often triggering the buds of spring we long to see at the end of winter."

What does the underlined phrase mean in Vietnamese?

"The latest research pinpoints for the first time a molecular mechanism in plants that reacts to temperature – often triggering the buds of spring we long to see at the end of winter."

Which is NOT a synonym of the underlined phrase?

"The latest research pinpoints for the first time a molecular mechanism in plants that reacts to temperature – often triggering the buds of spring we long to (C2) see at the end of winter."

What does the underlined phrase mean in Vietnamese?

"With weather and temperatures set to become ever more unpredictable due to climate change, researchers say the discovery that this light-sensing molecule also functions as the internal thermometer in plant cells could help us breed (C2) tougher crops."

What does the underlined noun phrase mean in Vietnamese?

"It is estimated that agricultural yields will need to double by 2050, but climate change is a major threat to achieving this."

What does the underlined noun phrase mean in Vietnamese?

"Thermal stress reduces crop yields by around 10% for every one degree increase in temperature."

Which is NOT a synonym of the underlined word?

"Discovering the molecules that allow plants to sense temperature has the potential to accelerate (C2) the breeding of crops resilient to thermal stress and climate change."

Which is a synonym of the underlined phrase?

"In their active state, phytochrome molecules bind (C2) themselves to DNA to restrict plant growth."

Which is a synonym of the underlined verb?

"In their active state, phytochrome molecules bind (C2) themselves to DNA to restrict (C1) plant growth."

Which is a synonym of the underlined word?

"During the day, sunlight activates the molecules, slowing down growth."

Which is a synonym of the underlined word?

"At night, however, it’s a different story. Instead of a rapid deactivation following sundown, the molecules gradually change from their active to inactive state. This is called ‘dark reversion’."

Which is a synonym of the underlined phrase?

"Just as mercury rises in a thermometer, the rate at which phytochromes revert to (C2) their inactive state during the night is a direct measure of temperature."

What does the underlined phrase mean in Vietnamese?

"‘The lower the temperature, the slower the rate at which phytochromes revert to inactivity, so the molecules spend more time in their active, growth-suppressing state."

Which is a synonym of the underlined word?

"Warm temperatures accelerate dark reversion, so that phytochromes rapidly reach an inactive state and detach themselves from the plant’s DNA – allowing genes to be expressed and plant growth to resume (C1)."

Which is a synonym of the underlined word?

"Wigge believes phytochrome thermo-sensing evolved (C1) at a later stage, and co-opted the biological network already used for light-based growth during the downtime of night."

Which is a synonym of the underlined word?

"Wigge believes phytochrome thermo-sensing evolved (C1) at a later stage, and co-opted the biological network already used for light-based growth during the downtime of night."

Which is a synonym of the underlined word?

"Wigge believes phytochrome thermo-sensing evolved (C1) at a later stage, and co-opted the biological network already used for light-based growth during the downtime of night."

Which is a synonym of the underlined word?

"Some plants mainly use day length as an indicator of the reason."

What does this sentence simply mean?

"In fact, the discovery of the dual role of phytochromes provides the science behind a well-known rhyme long used to predict the coming season: oak before ash we’ll have a plash, ash before oak we’re in for a soak."

What does the underlined phrase mean in Vietnamese?

"A warmer spring, and consequently a higher likeliness of a hot summer, will result in oak leafing before ash."

What does the underlined word mean in Vietnamese?

"As the British know only too well, a colder summer is likely to be a rain-soaked one."

Which is a synonym of the underlined phrase?

"As the British know only too well, a colder summer is likely to be a rain-soaked one."

What does the underlined word mean?

"The new findings are the culmination of twelve years of research involving scientists from Germany, Argentina and the US, as well as the Cambridge team."

Which is a synonym of the underlined word?

"Cambridge is uniquely well-positioned to do this kind of research as we have outstanding collaborators nearby who work on more applied aspects of plant biology, and can help us transfer this new knowledge into the field."

Which is a synonym of the underlined phrase?

"Cambridge is uniquely well-positioned to do this kind of research as we have outstanding collaborators nearby who work on more applied aspects of plant biology, and can help us transfer this new knowledge into the field."

Which is a synonym of the underlined word?

"The Romans, who once controlled areas of Europe, North Africa and Asia Minor, adopted the construction techniques of other civilizations to build tunnels in their territories."

What does the underlined word mean?

"The Persians, who lived in present-day Iran, were one of the first civilizations to build tunnels that provided a reliable supply of water to human settlements (C2) in dry areas."

What does the underlined phrase mean in Vietnamese?

"In the early first millennium BCE, they introduced the qanat method of tunnel construction, which consisted of placing posts over a hill in a straight line, to ensure that the tunnel kept to its route, and then digging vertical shafts down into the ground at regular intervals."

What does the underlined phrase mean in Vietnamese?

"In the early first millennium BCE, they introduced the qanat method of tunnel construction, which consisted of placing posts over a hill in a straight line, to ensure that the tunnel kept to its route, and then digging vertical shafts down into the ground at regular intervals."

What does the underlined phrase mean in Vietnamese?

"In the early first millennium BCE, they introduced the qanat method of tunnel construction, which consisted of placing posts over a hill in a straight line, to ensure that the tunnel kept to its route, and then digging vertical shafts down into the ground at regular intervals."

What does the underlined phrase mean in Vietnamese?

"In the early first millennium BCE, they introduced the qanat method of tunnel construction, which consisted of placing posts over a hill in a straight line, to ensure that the tunnel kept to its route, and then digging vertical shafts down into the ground at regular intervals."

What does the underlined word mean in Vietnamese?

"The excavated soil was taken up to the surface using the shafts, which also provided ventilation during the work."

What does the underlined phrase mean in Vietnamese?

"The shafts were equipped with handholds and footholds to help those climbing in and out of them and were covered with a wooden or stone lid."

What does the underlined word mean in Vietnamese?

"The shafts were equipped with handholds and footholds to help those climbing in and out of them and were covered with a wooden or stone lid."

What do the underlined words mean in Vietnamese?

"To ensure that the shafts were vertical, Romans hung a plumb line from a rod placed across the top of each shaft and made sure that the weight at the end of it hung in the center of the shaft."

Which is an antonym of the underlined word?

"To ensure that the shafts were vertical, Romans hung a plumb line from a rod placed across the top of each shaft and made sure that the weight at the end of it hung in the center of the shaft."

What does the underlined word mean?

"The 5.6-kilometer-long Claudius tunnel, built in 41 CE to drain the Fucine Lake in central Italy, had shafts that were up to 122 meters deep, took 11 years to build and involved approximately 30,000 workers."

What does the underlined phrase mean in Vietnamese?

"By the 6th century BCE, a second method of tunnel construction appeared called the counter-excavation method, in which the tunnel was constructed from both ends."

What does the underlined word mean in Vietnamese?

"This method required greater planning and advanced knowledge of surveying, mathematics and geometry as both ends of a tunnel had to meet correctly at the center of the mountain."

What does the underlined phrase mean in Vietnamese?

"Adjustments to the direction of the tunnel also had to be made whenever builders encountered geological problems or when it deviated from its set path."

What does the underlined phrase mean in Vietnamese?

"Adjustments to the direction of the tunnel also had to be made whenever builders encountered geological problems or when it deviated from its set path."

What does the underlined phrase mean in Vietnamese?

"They constantly checked the tunnel’s advancing direction, for example, by looking back at the light that penetrated through the tunnel mouth, and made corrections whenever necessary."

What does the underlined phrase mean in Vietnamese?

"Large deviations could happen, and they could result in one end of the tunnel not being usable."

What does the underlined word mean in Vietnamese?

"An inscription written on the side of a 428-meter tunnel, built by the Romans as part of the Saldae aqueduct system in modern-day Algeria, describes how the two teams of builders missed each other in the mountain and how the later construction of a lateral link between both corridors corrected the initial error."

What does the underlined phrase mean in Vietnamese?

"An inscription written on the side of a 428-meter tunnel, built by the Romans as part of the Saldae aqueduct system in modern-day Algeria, describes how the two teams of builders missed each other in the mountain and how the later construction of a lateral link between both corridors corrected the initial error."

What does the underlined word mean in Vietnamese?

"An inscription written on the side of a 428-meter tunnel, built by the Romans as part of the Saldae aqueduct system in modern-day Algeria, describes how the two teams of builders missed each other in the mountain and how the later construction of a lateral link between both corridors corrected the initial error."

What does the underlined word mean in Vietnamese?

"Tunnels were also built for mineral extraction."

What does the underlined word mean in Vietnamese?

"Tunnels were also built for mineral extraction."

What does the underlined phrase mean in Vietnamese?

"Miners would locate a mineral vein and then pursue it with shafts and tunnels underground."

What does the underlined word mean?

"Traces of such tunnels used to mine gold can still be found at the Dolaucothi mines in Wales."

What does the underlined word mean?

"When the sole purpose of a tunnel was mineral extraction, construction required less planning, as the tunnel route was determined by the mineral vein."

Which is a synonym of the underlined word?

"This was because the mountain could be excavated not only from the tunnel mouths but also from shafts."

Which is a synonym of the underlined word?

"Most tunnels had inscriptions showing the names of patrons who ordered construction and sometimes the name of the architect."

What does the underlined phrase mean in Vietnamese?

"For example, the 1.4-kilometer Çevlik tunnel in Turkey, built to divert the floodwater threatening the harbor of the ancient city of Seleuceia Pieria, had inscriptions on the entrance, still visible today, that also indicate that the tunnel was started in 69 CE and was completed in 81 CE."

What does the underlined phrase mean in Vietnamese?

"Younger school-aged children read stories on smartphones; older kids don’t read at all, but hunch over video games."

Which is a synonym of the underlined phrase?

"Parents and other passengers read on tablets or skim a flotilla of email and news feeds."

What does the underlined phrase mean in Vietnamese?

"Unbeknown to most of us, an invisible, game-changing transformation links everyone in this picture: the neuronal circuit that underlies the brain’s ability to read is subtly, rapidly changing and this has implications for everyone from the pre-reading toddler to the expert adult."

What does the underlined phrase mean in Vietnamese?

"Unbeknown to most of us, an invisible, game-changing transformation links everyone in this picture: the neuronal circuit (C2) that underlies the brain’s ability to read is subtly, rapidly changing and this has implications for everyone from the pre-reading toddler to the expert adult."

Which is a synonym of the underlined word?

"Unbeknown to most of us, an invisible, game-changing transformation links everyone in this picture: the neuronal circuit that underlies the brain’s ability to read is subtly, rapidly changing and this has implications for everyone from the pre-reading toddler to the expert adult."

Which is a synonym of the underlined word?

"Unbeknown to most of us, an invisible, game-changing transformation links everyone in this picture: the neuronal circuit that underlies the brain’s ability to read is subtly (C2), rapidly changing and this has implications for everyone from the pre-reading toddler to the expert adult."

What does the underlined phrase mean?

"As work in neurosciences indicates, the acquisition of literacy necessitated a new circuit in our species’ brain more than 6,000 years ago."

Which is a synonym of the underlined word?

"As work in neurosciences indicates, the acquisition of literacy necessitated a new circuit in our species’ brain more than 6,000 years ago."

What does the underlined phrase mean in Vietnamese?

"That circuit evolved (C1) from a very simple mechanism for decoding basic information, like the number of goats in one’s herd, to the present, highly elaborated (C2) reading brain."

Which is a synonym of the underlined word?

"That circuit evolved (C1) from a very simple mechanism for decoding basic information, like the number of goats in one’s herd, to the present, highly elaborated (C2) reading brain."

What does the underlined phrase mean in Vietnamese?

"My research depicts how the present reading brain enables the development of some of our most important intellectual and affective processes: internalized knowledge, analogical reasoning, and inference; perspective-taking and empathy; critical analysis and the generation of insight."

What does the underlined phrase mean in Vietnamese?

"My research depicts how the present reading brain enables the development of some of our most important intellectual and affective processes: internalized knowledge, analogical reasoning, and inference; perspective-taking and empathy; critical analysis and the generation of insight."

What does the underlined phrase mean in Vietnamese?

"My research depicts how the present reading brain enables the development of some of our most important intellectual and affective processes: internalized knowledge, analogical reasoning, and inference; perspective-taking and empathy; critical analysis and the generation of insight."

What does the underlined word mean in Vietnamese?

"My research depicts how the present reading brain enables the development of some of our most important intellectual and affective processes: internalized knowledge, analogical reasoning, and inference; perspective-taking and empathy (C2); critical analysis and the generation of insight."

What does the underlined word mean in Vietnamese?

"My research depicts how the present reading brain enables the development of some of our most important intellectual and affective processes: internalized knowledge, analogical reasoning, and inference; perspective-taking and empathy (C2); critical analysis and the generation of insight."

What does the underlined word mean in Vietnamese?

"My research depicts how the present reading brain enables the development of some of our most important intellectual and affective processes: internalized knowledge, analogical reasoning, and inference; perspective-taking and empathy (C2); critical analysis and the generation of insight."

Which is a synonym of the underlined word?

"Research surfacing in many parts of the world now cautions that each of these essential ‘deep reading’ processes may be under threat as we move into digital-based modes of reading."

Which is NOT a synonym of the underlined verb?

"Research surfacing in many parts of the world now cautions (C2) that each of these essential ‘deep reading’ processes may be under threat as we move into digital-based modes of reading."

What does the underlined phrase mean in Vietnamese?

"Research surfacing in many parts of the world now cautions that each of these essential ‘deep reading’ processes may be under threat as we move into digital-based modes of reading."

What does the underlined word mean?

"This is not a simple, binary issue of print versus digital reading and technological innovations."

Which is a synonym of the underlined verb?

"As MIT scholar Sherry Turkle has written, we do not err as a society when we innovate but when we ignore what we disrupt or diminish (C1) while innovating."

Which is a synonym of each underlined verb?

"As MIT scholar Sherry Turkle has written, we do not err as a society when we innovate but when we ignore what we disrupt or diminish (C1) while innovating."

Which is a synonym of the underlined phrase?

"In this hinge moment between print and digital cultures, society needs to confront what is diminishing in the expert reading circuit, what our children and older students are not developing, and what we can do about it."

Which is a synonym of the underlined word?

"In this hinge moment between print and digital cultures, society needs to confront (C2) what is diminishing in the expert reading circuit, what our children and older students are not developing, and what we can do about it."

What does the underlined phrase mean in Vietnamese?

"We know from research that the reading circuit is not given to human beings through a genetic blueprint like vision or language; it needs an environment to develop."

Which is a synonym of the underlined word?

"Further, it will adapt to that environment’s requirements – from different writing systems to the characteristics of whatever medium (C2) is used."

Which is a synonym of the underlined verb?

"If the dominant medium advantages processes that are fast, multi-task oriented and well-suited for large volumes of information, like the current digital medium, so will the reading circuit."

Which is a synonym of the underlined phrase?

"If the dominant medium advantages processes that are fast, multi-task oriented and well-suited for large volumes of information, like the current digital medium, so will the reading circuit."

Which is a synonym of the underlined word?

"Increasing reports from educators and from researchers in psychology and the humanities bear this out."

What does the underlined word mean?

"We should be less concerned with students’ ‘cognitive impatience’, however, than by what may underlie it: the potential inability of large numbers of students to read with a level of critical analysis sufficient to comprehend the complexity of thought and argument found in more demanding texts."

What does this sentence simply mean?

"We should be less concerned with students’ ‘cognitive impatience’, however, than by what may underlie it: the potential inability of large numbers of students to read with a level of critical analysis sufficient to comprehend the complexity of thought and argument found in more demanding texts."

Which is a synonym of the underlined phrase?

"Multiple studies show that digital screen use may be causing a variety of troubling downstream effects on reading comprehension in older high school and college students."

Which is a synonym of the underlined word?

"Results indicated that students who read on print were superior (C1) in their comprehension to screen-reading peers, particularly in their ability to sequence detail and reconstruct the plot in chronological order."

Which is a synonym of the underlined phrase?

"Results indicated that students who read on print were superior (C1) in their comprehension to screen-reading peers, particularly in their ability to sequence detail and reconstruct the plot in chronological order."

Which is a synonym of the underlined word?

"Ziming Liu from San Jose State University has conducted a series of studies which indicate that the ‘new norm (C1)’ in reading is skimming, involving word-spotting and browsing through the text."

Which is a synonym of the underlined phrase?

"Ziming Liu from San Jose State University has conducted a series of studies which indicate that the ‘new norm (C1)’ in reading is skimming, involving word-spotting and browsing through the text."

Which is a synonym of the underlined word?

"In other words, we don’t have time to grasp (C1) complexity, to understand another’s feelings, to perceive beauty, and to create thoughts of the reader’s own."

Which is a synonym of the underlined word?

"In other words, we don’t have time to grasp (C1) complexity, to understand another’s feelings, to perceive (C2) beauty, and to create thoughts of the reader’s own."

What does the underlined phrase mean in Vietnamese?

"The possibility that critical analysis, empathy and other deep reading processes could become the unintended ‘collateral damage’ of our digital culture is not a straightforward binary issue about print versus digital reading."

Which is a synonym of the underlined phrase?

"The subtle atrophy of critical analysis and empathy affects us all equally."

Which is a synonym of the underlined phrase?

"It affects our ability to navigate a constant bombardment of information."

Which is a synonym of the underlined word?

"It incentivizes a retreat to the most familiar stores of unchecked information, which require and receive no analysis, leaving us susceptible to false information and irrational ideas."

Which is a synonym of the underlined phrase?

"It incentivizes a retreat (C2) to the most familiar stores of unchecked information, which require and receive no analysis, leaving us susceptible to false information and irrational ideas."

Which is a synonym of the underlined phrase?

"It incentivizes a retreat to the most familiar stores of unchecked information, which require and receive no analysis, leaving us susceptible to false information and irrational ideas."

Which is a synonym of the underlined word?

"It incentivizes a retreat to the most familiar stores of unchecked information, which require and receive no analysis, leaving us susceptible to false information and irrational (C2) ideas."

Which is a synonym of the underlined word?

"We possess both the science and the technology to identify and redress the changes in how we read before they become entrenched."

Which is a synonym of the underlined word?

"We possess both the science and the technology to identify and redress the changes in how we read before they become entrenched."

Which is a synonym of the underlined phrase?

"This approach, she says, gives the reader a superficial (C2) understanding of the emotional content of material, leaving no time for thought."

Which is a synonym of the underlined phrase?

"Yet for all these technological advances, we still seem to deeply lack confidence in AI predictions."

Which is a synonym of the underlined phrase?

"To do that, we need to understand why people are so reluctant to trust AI in the first place."

Which is a synonym of the underlined phrase?

"On the one hand, if Watson provided guidance about a treatment that coincided with (C2) their own opinions, physicians did not see much point in Watson’s recommendations."

Which is a synonym of each underlined word?

"On the other hand, if Watson generated a recommendation that contradicted (C1) the experts’ opinion, doctors would typically conclude that Watson wasn’t competent (C1)."

Which is a synonym of the underlined word?

"And the machine wouldn’t be able to explain why its treatment was plausible (C2) because its machine-learning algorithms were simply too complex to be fully understood by humans."

What does the underlined word mean in Vietnamese?

"And the machine wouldn’t be able to explain why its treatment was plausible (C2) because its machine-learning algorithms were simply too complex to be fully understood by humans."

Which is a synonym of each unerlined word?

"Consequently, this has caused even more suspicion and disbelief, leading many doctors to ignore the seemingly outlandish AI recommendations and stick to their own expertise."

Which is NOT a synonym of the underlined word?

"Trust in other people is often based on our understanding of how others think and having experience of their reliability (C1)."

What does the underlined phrase mean?

"Many people are also simply not familiar with many instances of AI actually working, because it often happens in the background."

Which is a synonym of the underlined phrase?

"Instead, they are acutely aware of instances where AI goes wrong."

What does this sentence simply mean?

"Embarrassing AI failures receive a disproportionate amount of media attention, emphasising the message that we cannot rely on technology."

Which is a synonym of the underlined word?

"Machine learning is not foolproof, in part because the humans who design it aren’t."

Which is a synonym of the underlined phrase?

"Feelings about AI run deep (C2)."

What does the underlined phrase mean in Vietnamese?

"It was found that, regardless of whether the film they watched depicted AI in a positive or negative light, simply watching a cinematic vision of our technological future polarised the participants’ attitudes."

What does each underlined word mean in Vietnamese?

"Optimists (C1) became more extreme in their enthusiasm for AI and sceptics became even more guarded."

Which is a synonym of the underlined adjective?

"Optimists became more extreme in their enthusiasm for AI and sceptics became even more guarded."

Which is a synonym of the underlined phrase?

"This suggests people use relevant evidence about AI in a biased manner to support their existing attitudes, a deep-rooted human tendency known as “confirmation bias”.

Which is a synonym of the underlined phrase?

"As AI is represented more and more in media and entertainment, it could lead to a society split between those who benefit from AI and those who reject it."

Which is a synonym of the underlined adjective?

"Several high-profile social media companies and online marketplaces already release transparency reports about government requests and surveillance disclosures."

What does the underlined phrase mean in Vietnamese?

"Several high-profile social media companies and online marketplaces already release transparency reports about government requests and surveillance disclosures."

What does the underlined phrase mean in Vietnamese?

"Several high-profile social media companies and online marketplaces already release transparency reports about government requests and surveillance disclosures."

Which is NOT a synonym of the underlined verb?

"For example, one study showed that when people were allowed the freedom to slightly modify (C1) an algorithm, they felt more satisfied with its decisions, more likely to believe it was superior and more likely to use it in the future."

What does the underlined phrase mean in Vietnamese?

"We don’t need to understand the intricate inner workings of AI systems, but if people are given a degree of responsibility for how they are implemented, they will be more willing to accept AI into their lives."

Which is a synonym of the underlined noun?

"An increasing divergence of attitudes towards AI"

Which is a synonym of the underlined phrase?

"The superiority (C1) of AI projections (C1) over those made by humans"

Which is a synonym of the underlined phrase?

"Widespread (C1) distrust of an AI innovation"

Which is a synonym of the underlined phrase?

"The writer is justifying an opinion about an issue."

Which is a synonym of the underlined phrase?

"It is believed that the media devotes an excessive amount of attention to AI."