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WorksheetsITE302c_SP24_Full
Total questions: 67
Worksheet time: 34mins
K-anonymity in a dataset is achieved when each individual cannot be
distinguished from at least K individuals who are also in the dataset
reidentified in K datasets
hidden from a quasi-identifier column as long as K individuals belong
harmed from datasets with K individuals belonging to the sensitive class
Model inputs of address with 'City + State' as separate inputs from a dataset would violate which accuracy quideline?
Domain expertise
No correlating data
First principles
Objective summarization
One way to avoid feedback loops in machine learning is to
destroy previous training data
scrub datasets after each decision
investigate exclusion bias
label outputs to prevent re-training bias
Which of the following are transport encryption protocols? (select two.)
SSH/TLS
SSH
FTP
HTTP
You want to solicit feedback from users who are seeking explanations about your Al products and services. So, you decide to place a form on your marketing website that users can fill out. Which of the following is the best way to structure that form for the purpose of collecting useful feedback?
Provide a drop-down menu of feedback categories that users can select from, with a promise that you'll follow up via email.
Provide a series of open questions with a single-line entry field where users can provide short answers.
Provide a series of yes or no questions with radio buttons where users select their respective answers.
Provide a large, unrestricted text box where users can enter their thoughts at length.
An example of automation bias is
using biased survey data instead of parsed survey data
using parsed twitter data over parsed Facebook data
using new data over existing data
using scraped twitter data over survey data
What are the duties of an ethics board for data-driven technology organizations?
Response to rapid changes in the field, investigating the ethical implications.
Develop resources to be used in ethical decision-making processes.
Build a repository of institutional knowledge around ethical practices.
All of the others
What is a culture of appreciation?
An incentive structure that encourages all employees to identify people who deserve a reward for behaving ethically.
An incentive structure that encourages external stakeholders to identify people who deserve a reward for behaving ethically.
An incentive structure that encourages managers to identify people who deserve a reward for behaving ethically.
An incentive structure that encourages all top directors to identify people who deserve a reward for behaving ethically.
The explainable Al movement states that cooperation between agents, in this case, algorithms and humans, depends on which of the following?
trust
human rights
competition
privacy
A dataset attribute that is not identifiable but constitutes data about the individual that needs to be protected is known as a
explicitly private column
quasi-identifier
non-sensitive column
sensitive column
Once a dataset has been cleaned, which accuracy guideline ensures your model is looking at the problem correctly?
Objective summarization
Domain expertise
Dataset verification
First principles
Ethical models are
precise, explainable, and private
accurate, methodical, and fair
precise, explainable, and fair
accurate, explainable, and fair
GDPR states that 'Personal data shall be adequate, relevant and purposes for which they are processed.' in relation to the purpose or
thoroughly vetted
not excessive
highly specified
broadly applicable
What is the black box problem?
When a model is deployed, but researchers are unable to figure out why it's making decisions
The problem created when researchers don't create accurate attributes for a model
The issue of not having enough data to accurately train a model
When a model cannot accurately judge shape or color of objects due to missing data
What tools do researchers have to evaluate the fairness of existing black box models?
Change inputs, evaluate outputs
Change training data, evaluate outputs
Change inputs, evaluate training data
Evaluate inputs, evaluate data
Which school of philosophical thought primarily advocates for a global moral code?
Utilitarianism
Deontology
Virtue ethics
Virtual ethics
How do Al and other data-driven technologies use probability?
By determining the objective likelihood of some event happening
By estimating the likelihood of some event happening without input data
By providing a model of belief about the likelihood of some event happening
By guaranteeing that some event will occur with 100% likelihood
An adversarial model relies on using to observe different outputs
perturbed inputs
sensitive columns
algorithm detection
pressure inputs
Which of the following is a reason to periodically update a code of ethics document?
It allows you to capture the evolving nature of the ethical risks of the product or service that you are developing.
It signals that you care about ethics to internal and external stakeholders.
It reinforces the presence of the code of ethics in the minds of the employees.
Why are groups like race and religion considered protected classes?
These groups have been used as the basis for wholesale discrimination.
Organizations are legally not allowed to collect information about these groups.
These groups can be used to personally identify someone.
People use these groups as the basis for their identities.
What is the fundamental attribution error?
When you incorrectly assume a cause and effect relationship for two correlated variables.
When you believe your ideas are normal and that the majority of people agree with you.
When you say your bad behavior is caused by the situation, but when other people display the same bad behavior, it is caused by a personality trait.
When you believe your chances of experiencing something negative are lower and your chances of experiencing something positive are higher than others.
Which of the following describes an illusory-correlation bias?
When you incorrectly assume a correlation because there is an illusory confounding variable.
When you correlate a variable with a confounding variable.
When you incorrectly assume a cause and effect relationship because two variables are correlated.
When you correlate variables that do not exist in your data set.
Which of the following is a formative ethics theory that states that maximizing happiness is the primary standard for determining what is right or wrong?
Virtue ethics
Categorical imperative
Utilitarianism
Deontology
Which of the following statements accurately describes the philosophical concept of predeterminism?
All events, past, present, and future, are determined in advance.
All events are predestined to happen by a supernatural force.
All future events are determined by preceding events, as in a chain, but human beings may still be able to interfere with this chain of events.
Human beings are able to make choices whose outcomes are not already determined.
Which of the following describes an ethical framework?
Ethical frameworks raise timeless ethical questions that are not easily put into action.
Ethical frameworks consolidate regulatory requirements for an industry.
Ethical frameworks seek to mitigate ethical concerns by creating actionable steps.
Ethical frameworks apply meta-ethical theories to everyday business operations.
Which of the following is the most important ethical consideration regarding technical developments like deepfakes?
They violate data sharing agreements in many jurisdictions.
They take away monetization opportunities, leaving individuals unfairly compensated for their data.
They usurp a person's likeness and can then be weaponized against them.
They are built on technological progress made by a third-party organization.
Which of the following is a notable aspect of the Personal Information Protection and Electronic Documents Act (PIPEDA) when compared to similar laws and regulations?
Its exclusive focus on a single domain rather than a breadth of domains
A stipulation to continue providing service even if data usage is denied
The early date of its inauguration
Its nationwide scope and specific national focus
Which of the following are prerequisites for high-level digital security and trust mechanisms? (Select two.)
Authentication
Authorization
Reputation
Kindness
Which of the following situations would most likely require communication to external stakeholders? (Select two.)
The organization's data-driven service will receive an update that enhances its accuracy.
The organization's AI product has a defect and needs to be recalled.
The organization's change management strategy has been modified.
The endorsement of which of the following types of stakeholder is most critical when developing mission and vision statements?
Employees
Department heads
Customers
C-suite executives
Why are environmental concerns important to consider in the ethical development of data-driven technologies?
Data-driven technologies directly impact the environment through the invasive mining of resources to create the technologies.
Data-driven technologies directly impact the environment through pollution.
Data-driven technologies directly impact living things via displacement.
Data-driven technologies can cause secondary, indirect, or cumulative effects on the environment that might impact people in the long term.
Which of the following are reasons to design, develop, and deploy a code of ethics within an organization? (Select two).
It compels employees to operate in an ethical and integral manner.
It prevents regulatory scrutiny of the organization's practices.
It lets external stakeholders know that you are an ethical company.
It creates consistency in the ethical practices across the organization, rather than patchy implementation of the practices.
Which of the following is a valid reason for tracking the number and severity of an organization's ethical violations?
It can help provide qualitative information that can be used to improve the policies.
It can help provide transparency around the efforts to improve the policies.
It can dissuade end users from scrutinizing the internal and external ethics policies.
It can replace the need for refreshing the internal and external ethics policies.
A good example of cultural reflection in training data is______
an image recognition model selects one face over another based on sample data
a model selects for one demographic less often because of their historical representation
a model fails to recognize cultural differences due to incorrect attributes
a predictive model incorporates training data from a variety of sources
A the system model can still be unfair even though it won't explicitly know which groups are being inputted into
biased training
blind attribute
single attribute
false-negative optimized
Your Vice President of Sales decides to add more sales representatives for the summer based on analyses of sales trends over the last five years. What level of information is she acting on?
Information
Knowledge
Wisdom
Data
Which of the following principles are most commonly cited in Al-based ethical frameworks?
Transparency and explainability
Happiness and spiritual contentment
Human control and autonomy
Fairness and non-discrimination
To measure a predictive model's accuracy, you
divide the number of predictions by the total dataset
measure the ratio of the model's error curve
multiply the number of total predictions by the percentage of correct predictions
divide the number of correct predictions by the total number of predictions
Which of the following is a technique used by the Python tool Alibi to produce a subset of features that will usually result in the same model prediction?
Local Interpretable Model-Agnostic Explanations
Shapley value
Anchor Explanations
Perturbation
The nature of a predictive model may reveal
the researchers behind it
the algorithm's bias
the data it is trained on
the ethics of the individual inputs
One way to counter a potential adversarial algorithm is by
changing the datasets
improving model transparency
banning model updates
limiting precise outputs
A type of artificial intelligence that outperforms humans in some defined task is known as
General AI
Narrow AI
ΑΕΙ
Special AI
How do anonymized datasets fall short of their goal of being anonymous?
Anonymized datasets can be re-identified by anyone holding the hash key
Anonymized datasets aren't actually anonymous because many of the data fields can identify a user
Anonymized datasets can be traced back to the individuals by looking at their browsing history in the app
Anonymized datasets can be combined with other datasets, which can re-identify individuals
Which of the following is an adequate definition of a stakeholder?
All internal employees.
All internal employees and external customers.
All people who have an impact or are impacted by the organization.
All people in the company.
How can Al uphold justice?
The more Al-based products being used in the justice system, the more justice can be upheld.
Al systems can be designed from the start to help promote fairness and minimize bias.
Al systems can replace human judges, who are often biased.
Al can automate many of the clerical tasks involved in the justice system.
Why are deep learning and machine learning called narrow? Select two options.
Narrow can only perform the specific tasks it was designed to do.
Narrow Al can't handle situations that its training data didn't prepare it for.
Narrow Al is dependent on hand-coding of its algorithms.
Game theory states that outcomes that are best for can be obscured by outcomes best for
the dataset, the model
the group, the dataset
the group, the individual
the model, the individual
When building a predictive model, what is the goal of the training phase?
To specify the algorithm the model should use and make sure the data is cleaned/formatted
To adjust the model based on a subset of data, optimizing for a lower error rate
To use the model in real-world scenarios, monitoring performance
To adjust training methods from backpropagation to supervised learning to see how that affects outputs
A model is preferred by businesses because they see less competition as a benefit
black box
precise
fair
ethical
Which of the following describes the purpose of a business impact assessment (BIA)?
It helps you predict business interruptions and develop recovery strategies.
It helps you identify what risks you can accept or transfer to third party.
It help you evaluate how a product or service could fail to apply ethical values to a society.
It helps you identify what risks you can accept or transfer to your customers.
You have collected social media posts with a specific hashtag for an analysis of the words used in the post. What kind of data is that?
Unstructured
Structured
Semi-Structured
Data Structured
Which of the following, by itself, qualifies as personally identifiable information (PII)?
A user's home address
A user's customer ID in an online ordering system
Temperature readings for an office building
System events added to a log
Which of the following is the most important argument in favor of content moderation in online platforms?
It prevents the development of monopolies in terms of content creators.
It prevents the spread of disinformation that can cause harm to vulnerable populations.
It helps uphold freedom of expression for everyone and doesn't give anyone special rights.
It creates adequate incentives for everyone to share their opinions.
Which of the following are requirements set forth by the Biometric Information Privacy Act (BIPA)? (Select two.)
Organizations must destroy biometric data in a timely fashion.
Organizations must obtain consent from individuals regarding the collection and use of biometric data.
Organizations must store biometric data in local, on-premises databases.
Organizations must not transmit biometric data across an unsecured network like the Internet.
You plan on streamlining your company's product experience, but you also want to uphold the agency and autonomy of your users. Which of the following actions would uphold these principles? (Select two.)
Applying machine intelligence to simulate customer behavior
Enabling government agencies to have a personalized interface with software
Respecting the right of the user to choose and customize their experiences
Refraining from guiding users into something they didn't wish for or intend
Which of the following elements constitute PII? (Select two.)
Telephone numbers
Passport numbers
Cookies and tokens
Device IDs
Which of the following describe a process of cross-correlation of data? (Select two.)
Discovering new information via inference
Analysing an individual's emotional stimulus and response patterns
Comparing multiple data points or sets
Comparing people of different demographic groups
Which of the following elements might be considered moderately affected in an Impact Level 2 Algorithmic Impact Assessment? (Select two.)
The health and well-being of individuals or communities.
A loss of life resulting from specific circumstances.
The rights of individuals or communities.
A brief delay in the conveyance of a commercial transaction.
Which of the following are likely benefits of having defined organizational policies? (Select two.)
It supports profitable research innovations and intellectual property.
It supports consistency of behavior and unification of culture.
It supports improved sales and marketing results.
It supports accountability and makes it more explicit.
Which of the following are typically true when comparing the LIME tool with the SHAP tool? (Select two.)
LIME supports more programming languages than SHAP.
LIME outputs results faster than SHAP.
LIME is less accurate than SHAP.
LIME supports fewer types of models than SHAP.
SSL, TLS, and SSH are all forms of...
Computer forensics tools
Encryption protocols
Version control systems
Media codecs
Which of the following are important factors to consider when developing a media campaign? (Select two.)
The risks that will be talked about in the campaign
The time-sensitive nature of communication in the campaign
The environment in which the campaign will be launched
The effect the campaign has on the organization's bottom line
Which of the following negative consequences is the direct result of failing to be truthful in communicating about a crisis?
Financial loss
Security risk
Discrimination
Reputational damage
When you deliver periodic statements about a crisis to the media, what should the first statement do?
Accept responsibility for perceived problems
Set the tone of what is to follow
Provide in-depth details about the situation
Survey public opinion of the organization
Which of the following describes ethics washing?
No attempt is made towards genuine ethical action.
Genuine ethical action is used to wash over previous mistakes.
Genuine ethical action gets replaced by superficial promises.
Superficial promises are replaced by genuine ethical action.
Which of the following are possible causes of the limited adoption of a code of ethics within an organization? (Select two).
Comprehensive coverage of areas of concerns by the code of ethics
Lack of awareness of the code of ethics and where it is meant to be applied
Prescriptive language used in the code of ethics
Lack of clarity in the code of ethics
Which of the following is an important action needed for the finalization of internal and external ethics policies before approval?
Ensuring the policies are the same as those from other peer organizations
Discarding open issues to provide a clean slate for the next iteration of the policies
Documenting the assumptions and choices made in the drafting of the policies
Testing the policy in an already deployed project setting
