named after Gilbert N. Lewis (1875-1946), who proposed that only the valence electrons are involved in chemical bonding

(a)  

Lewis elecron-dot structures named after (a)   (1875-1946), who proposed that only the valence electrons are involved in chemical bonding

represents the nucleus and inner electrons of the atom

(a)  

represent the valence electrons

(a)  

form chemical bonds to achieve a noble gas configuration

(a)  

has completely filled s and p orbitals in the outermost energy level./

(a)  

the most stable configuration has completely filled s and p orbitals in the outermost energy level./This means that it has

(a)  

8 valence electrons is also called

(a)  

has a stable configuration with only two valence electrons, or a duet, because its valence shell contains only one s orbital

(a)  

generally unreactive!-- that is, they do not form bonds with other atoms

(a)  

have fewer than eight valence electrons. To achieve an octet and become chemically stable, they tend to bond with other atoms through chemical reactions

(a)  

has only one valence electron inits unbonded form and tends to bond with other atoms to achieve a duet

(a)  

The transfer of electrons forms an

(a)  

all (a)   in general, are neutral that is, they have an equal number of protons and electrons

When a neutral atom loses or gains electrons to achieve a noble gas configuration, it becomes a charged particle called an

(a)  

An atom that has lost electrons has more protons than electrons, and thus has a

(a)  

An atom that has lost electrons has more protons than electrons, and thus has a

(a)  

. An atom that has gained electrons has more electrons than protons, and thus has a

(a)  

A positively charged ion is known as a

(a)  

negatively charged ion is called

(a)  

tend to lose their valence electrons to achieve a stable configuration.

(a)  

tend to gain electrons

(a)  

The tendency of metals and nonmetals to form ions facilitares the transfer of electrons between them. A metal atom loses its electrons, which a nonmeral atom accepts. During this process, the opposing charges of the ions create an attractive force that binds the atoms together. This attractive force forms an

(a)  

The basic types of chemical bonds are

(a)