A person's acceptance of ignorance is the beginning of acquisition of knowledge.

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He believed that God and his teachings affects various aspects in life (that everything is better if we devote ourselves in mending our relationship with God).

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He is the Father of Classical Liberation. He works on the self is most represented by the concept "tabula rasa" (blank slate).

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Provided by social models

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study of acquiring knowledge through rational thinking and inquiries that involves in answering questions regarding the nature and existence of man and the world we live in.

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What are the 3 aspect of personality, according to Sigmund Freud

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(a)   as “a system of inherited conceptions expressed in symbolic forms by means of which men communicate, perpetuate, and develop their knowledge about and attitudes towards life.

People’s belief about their capabilities to produce designated levels of performance that exercise influence over events that affect their lives

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He focused his work in the field of empiricism, skepticism, and naturalism. He explained that the Self is the accumulation of different impressions and does not exceed the physical realm.

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It is defined as “a unified being, essentially connected to consciousness, awareness and agency (or, at least, with the faculty of rational choice).

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He argued that the sense called "transcendental apperception" is an essence of our consciousness that provides basis for understanding and establishing the notion of self by synthesizing one's accumulation of experiences, intuition, and imagination.

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Who explained that the "Me" is the social self and the "I" is the response to the "Me."

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He focuses on the philosophy of "eliminative materialism" and understanding the different neural pathways, how they work, and what implications are those movement to people is a measurable classification on one's behavior.

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THEORY OF SELF: There are two parts of Self, what are those?

Kindly put "AND" instead of " , "

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- the conscience of one's personality

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it does express a unique view on the issue of selfhood: the anthropological approach both starts and finishes with the group.

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“Iron cage” – as the religion became peripheral, capitalism decoupled from its roots and established itself as the dominant force in society

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According to James, It is s the thinking, acting, feeling self.

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where thought is this, Focus is on the person

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This theory stated that certain races and ethnicities are superior to others, have more chance of survival, and thus inevitable take more power in human society.

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He is well known for his work on human nature and the unconscious. He believed that man has different constructs of personality.

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Encompasses realms of physical, psychological, biological, sociological, and ethical

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is the belief of what the individuals thinks and feels about him. And can also be influenced by how others perceive an individual.

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Anthropology does express a unique view on the issue of selfhood: the anthropological approach both starts and finishes with the (a)   .

- the part of the person that is driven by desire and need to satisfy oneself.

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The laws of social organization can no more be violated than can those of the physical universe, and to seek to do so will create, in the long run, more severe problems.

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is the scientific study of the mind and behavior.

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It is composed of the social concepts of what it means to be who he is

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3 Levels of Consciousness, according to Sigmund Freud

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s a continuous process throughout the lifespan; one’s sense of self may change, at least somewhat, throughout one’s life.

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Talk more about their personal attributes when describing themselves.

Highlight their personal achievements

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When you have internalized the widespread cultural norms, mores, and expectations of behaviors

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- This theory is an individual’s identity is not the product of the unconscious, but instead is the result of modeling oneself in response to the expectations of others, according to Albert Bandura

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It is how one depicts a hero or villain in their stories in different countries, like USA, China, Korea, etc.

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He explained that Man is composed of two parts: Matter or hyle in Greek, refers to the “common stuff that makes up everything in the universe.” and Form or morphe in Greek refers to the “essence of a substance or thing”

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he's known to be the proponent of the "methodical doubt" (continuous process of questioning) doubting, asking questions are part of one's existence

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He explained that the self is exemplified in his "ghost in the machine" view (man is a complex machine with different functioning parts, and the intelligence, and other characteristic or behavior of man is represented by the ghost in the said machine

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Under of MORAL PHILOSOPHY, human happiness can be achieved only when individuals can satisfy their needs and desires without infringing on the right of others to do the same

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where thought is this, Looks at the world in DUALITIES wherein you are distinct from the other person, the creator is separate from the object he created.

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has important implications for socio-emotional functioning throughout the lifespan.

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According to Him, every self has two faces: personne and moi.

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can also be called your adapted self.

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According to James, It is the physical characteristics as well psychological capabilities that makes who you are.

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SELF-DESCRIPTION: In general talk about their social roles or the social situations that invoked certain traits that they deem positive for their selves.

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He is a student of Socrates that is the reason he followed the idea of Socrates in knowing thyself. He was called the Father of academy (a place where learning and sharing of knowledge happens; Later became one of the pillars and basis of what schools and education is now in the present).

He believed in the division of a person's body and soul which forms the person as a whole aside from the material things and that could be observed and associated with a person.

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They give higher value with their personal rights. The western society is trying to find and prove the "truth."

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courageous part of a person. One who wants to do something or to right the wrongs that they observe. This is very competitive and is very active. Competitiveness drives one to expect positive results and winning.

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According to his theory, the “I” as the one who acts and decides while the “me” is what you think or feel about yourself as an object.

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The study of the development, structure, and functioning of human society.

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how someone thinks about or perceives themselves. “the individual’s belief about himself or herself, including the person’s attributes and who and what the self is."

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Successes build a robust belief in one’s personal efficacy

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where thought is this, Talk more about their personal attributes when describing themselves

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is the “sense of personal identity and of who we are as individuals (Jhangiani and Tarry 2014).”

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In this theory, we can feel threatened when someone out-performs us.

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Sociologist from University of Chicago. Symbolic Interactions Perspective

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People who are persuaded verbally that they possess the capabilities to master given activities are likely to mobilize greater effort and sustain it

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Quoting William James himself “The greatest discovery of my generation is that human beings can alter their lives by altering their attitudes of the mind”

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What is out there, acting, being spontaneous, doing things in the world. This is subjective.

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are also part of his identity. (E.g. birth order in the family, nature of work, occupation or title, academic and social standing)

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The aggregate combined image of yourself that has been given to you from interacting with society. This is objective.

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He correctly foresaw the industrialization of the world, and he believed that science and technology would solve most of humanity's problems.


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It refers to a person’s sense of who he is, his body, and his basic identity, his biological givenness. It is a person’s basic identity.

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Call for “society of science” – influenced his disciple (a)  

People rely partly on their somatic and emotional states in judging their capabilities

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was developed in recognizing how others are perceiving us, we are constantly trying to put ourselves in the shoes of another and think about how they are seeing this event or situation or this action transpiring – this is imitation

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What are the 2 Experiences of the Self

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4 source of self-efficacy

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reflecting on what the heart desires.

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3 parts of the soul, according to plato.

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(a)   emphasize more on the value of equality even if they see that the individual can rise above everything else. Because everyone is on their own competition, one can say that they also promote ideals that create “fair” competition and protect the individual.

He explained that society evolved similarly to living organisms. Theory of Social Darwinism.

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The symbols and images that come to represent the ideas, beliefs, and values elaborated by a collectivity and are not reducible to individual constituents

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who you think you should be

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SELF-EVALUATIONS - They would rather keep a low profile as promoting the self can be seen as boastfulness that disrupts social relationships

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also entails what is called Self- Evaluation Maintenance Theory. In this theory, we can feel threatened when someone out-performs us.

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He is known for his works on existentialism and phenomenology. He coined the idea of phenomenology of perception (unity of the function of the mind and the body) which is divided into three division. He regarded that the body and mind are not separate entities but rather those two components is one and the same.

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Basic law of ethics and morality.

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Once physical and biological realms are discovered, humans should obey them and cease trying to construct, through political legislation, social forms that violate these laws

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3 Essential Core Values of Confucianism:

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A person may feel alienated by his work by not feeling like he has meaning to his work, therefore losing their sense of self at the workplace

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concept (and the concept of others) tends to focus on his or her own visible characteristics, Objective (ME).

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e.g. seeing other people who are better and dreaming to become the same.

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Giving more value to social responsibility and accepting the reality of life (fact) and interested in maintaining the balance of life.

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describes how societies change over time

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the drive of our lives. The part that thinks and plan for the future (the conscious mind). It decides what to do, when to do it and the possible results one could have depending on their actions

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concept of an individual about himself and often referred to as “self-identity”

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According to him, culture as “a system of inherited conceptions expressed in symbolic forms by means of which men communicate, perpetuate, and develop their knowledge about and attitudes towards life.

one of his work is, "The Impact of the Concept of Culture on the Concept of Man," The Interpretation of Cultures. (1966)

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who you like to be is how we want to be.

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Established academic discipline with Marx and Weber. How societies could maintain their integrity and coherence in modernity, an era in which a traditional social and religious tie are no longer assumed, and in which new social institutions have come into being. Acceptance of sociology as a legitimate science.

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• - How concepts and categories of logical thought could arise out of social life

• - Certain aspects of logical thought common to all human did exist, but they were products of collective life and that they were not universal a priori since the content of categories differed from society to society

It is composed of personal characteristics, social roles and responsibilities, as well as affiliations that define who one is

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comparing ourselves with those who are better off than us.

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Self-Concept/Self-Schema, Composed of 3 Things:

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It is the core of you who are, the original you, unshaped by upbringing or society

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Has something to do with culture. It is a salient part of culture and ultimately, has a tremendous effect in our crafting of the self. This and culture are intertwined.

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By taking the role of other, we can become

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It is a social product that structures and shapes our experience of reality

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where thought is this? talk about their social roles or the social situations that invoked certain traits that they deem positive for their selves.

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Personal needs are repressed (subdued) for the good of many, making Confucian society also hierarchical for the purpose of maintaining order and balance in society. (Ho, 1995).

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Theory of Self-Estrangement or Self-Alienation, who explained?

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the child aspect of a person.

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Where thought is this, keep a low profile as promoting the self can be seen as boastfulness that disrupts social relationships

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The Leasguge of the Ho-de-no-sau nee or Iroquois (1851). He wanted to provide evidence for monogenesis, the theory that all human beings descended from a common source. The structure of the family and social institutions develops and change according to a specific sequence

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Where thought is this, Sees the other person as part of yourself as well as the things you may create, a drama in which everyone is interconnected with their specific role

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police or the mediator between id and super ego.

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Self-concept is also

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What do you call to the basic part of the society?

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they have identified 2 types of self that we can be aware of: Private self and the public self

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5 Basic Virtues of Confucianism:

• - benevolence, humaneness

• - righteous, justice

• - proper, rite

• - knowledge

• - integrity

is our organized system or collection of knowledge about who we are. It may also include our interests, work, course, age, name, and physical characteristics.

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It tackles that every sector in a community or society should cooperate to have a well-balanced living

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- refers to accepting and supporting another exactly as they are, without evaluating or judging them.

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Who's the Chinese philosophy based on the writings of advocating humility and religious piety

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VALUE: with their collectivistic culture, put more emphasis on hierarchy as the culture wants to keep things in harmony and order (Qingxue, 2003).

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It is the world’s 4th-largest religion, with over 520M followers or over 7% of the global population are Buddhists. It is an Indian religion. All Buddhist traditions share the GOAL OF OVERCOMING SUFFERING AND THE CYCLE OF DEATH & REBIRTH, either by the attainment of Nirvana or through the path of Buddhahood

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who you are at the moment

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goodness

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the “loss of individual self-awareness and individual accountability in groups” when we attuned ourselves with the emotions of our group

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refers to the need for personal growth and development throughout one's life

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- is the more common type of comparing ourselves with others.

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Self-Esteem and Self-Worth refers to the extent to which we like, accept, or approve of ourselves; or how much we value ourselves.

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we learn about ourselves, the appropriateness of our behaviors, as well as our social status by comparing aspects of ourselves with other people.

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Confuicianism Also known as ruism, is described as tradition, a philosophy, a humanistic or rationalistic religion which was developed from the teachings of the Chinese philosopher who?

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A central feature of Taoism is harmony between people and their environment, Nature, or Tao.

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It is the ultimate goal of enlightenment and the highest state of being that a person

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Confucianism is focused on having a (a)  

Also known as Daoism. - Also known as Daoism. A Chinese philosophy based on the writings of Lao-tzu (6th century BC) advocating humility and religious piety

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is when self – awareness can be too much that we are concerned about being observed and criticized by others.

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(a)   with their collectivistic culture, put more emphasis on hierarchy as the culture wants to keep things in harmony and order (Qingxue, 2003).

proper conduct

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His view of human nature is that human beings are biological organisms motivated by the satisfaction of bodily needs and with motivating forces that drive behavior.

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Where thought is this, The group and social relations is given more importance than individual needs and wants.

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It is described as tradition, a philosophy, a humanistic or rationalistic religion which was developed from the teachings of the Chinese philosopher CONFUCIUS (1551-479 BCE) who considered himself a re-codifier and re-transmitter of the theology and values inherited from the Shang and Zhou dynasty.

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respect for elders

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The 3 Treasures or 3 Jewels - (3 ESSENTIAL ENERGIES SUSTAINING HUMAN LIFE)

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3 Marks of Existence:


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He taught that all beings conditioned by causes (sankhara) are impermanent (anicca) and suffering (dukhha), and that not-self(anatta) characterizes all dhammas, meaning THERE IS NO “I”, “ME” or “MINE” in either the conditioned or the unconditioned (i.e. nibbana)

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