a cylindrical projection.

a planar projection.

a map projection.

a conic projection.

1. south of London

1. the Northern hemisphere

1. 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue

1. 30 N latitude, 150 W longitude

latitude lines.

1. a reference point.

1. longitude lines.

1. a map projection.

1. transmitters

GPS

GIS

satellites

1. to apply geographic skills to a variety of fields

1. to study how people make meaning from the world

1. to determine why things are located where they are

1. to understand how living and non living things interact

1. actively explore geography.

1. serve as a geography teacher.

1. always use maps

1. be consulted before construction projects.

1. the French Riviera

the Corn Belt

1. the Great Lakes shipping industry

the train system in Germany

1. doctor

1. construction worker

1. zookeeper

1. urban planner

1. observing the landscape of a tundra

1. determining landform sizes from satellite images

1. asking questions of individuals who are part of a group
   

1. studying age, ethnicity, and gender in a region

1. asteroids in the solar system.

1. terrestrial planets.

1. gas giant planets.

1. dwarf planets.

1. Landforms are not found in the hydrosphere.

1. Landforms often extend into the atmosphere.

1. Landforms are only found in the lithosphere.

1. Landforms are also found underwater.

1. lithosphere.

1. hydrosphere

1. asthenosphere

1. atmosphere

1. lithosphere

1. atmosphere

1. hydrosphere

1. asthenosphere

1. accretion

1. plate tectonics.

1. continental drift.

1. subduction

1. erosion

1. faulting

1. magma

1. subduction

1. glacial erosion

1. wind erosion

1. chemical weathering

1. soil building

1. moraines

1. weathering

1. earthquakes

1. erosion

1. Beaches form from the sediments washed up by the sea due to physical weathering, but they erode away due to chemical weathering.

1. A rock with iron in it is exposed to air and crumbles because of physical weathering, but the same rock crushed by a larger rock breaks apart due to chemical weathering.

1. Minerals in water wear away at rock because of physical weathering, but the rock wears away from the force of the water due to chemical weathering.

1. A rock is broken into smaller pieces by physical weathering, but some cave formations are created by chemical weathering.

1. the sun

1. the wind

1. precipitation

1. condensation

1. erosion

1. precipitation

1. condensation

1. evaporation

1. in bays

in streams

in oceans

in lakes and rivers

1. its taste.

1. its cost.

1. its availability.

1. its usability.

1. polar ice caps.

 rivers and streams.

1. glacial lakes.

1. groundwater and aquifers.

The Earth's axis is tilted.

The Earth receives sunlight in an unpredictable pattern.

The Earth rotates from east to west.

Weather in places changes over time.

Temperature is measured in degrees on a set scale.

Earth's axis runs from the North Pole to the South Pole.

Earth's rotation from west to east creates unpredictable temperatures.

Temperatures vary depending on which side of the planet is facing the sun.

The amount of sunlight in a seasonal pattern.

Earth's revolution and its tilted axis.

Direct sunlight on the Equator.

Weather patterns typical for an area.

The atmosphere's condition in one place over an extended time period.

A variety of patterns typical for an area over a long period of time.

Direct and indirect sunlight falling on an area.

The atmosphere's condition in one place during a short time period.

The sun hitting the Tropic of Capricorn once a year.

The tilt of the Earth's axis as it revolves around the sun

The sun directly hitting the Equator as the Earth rotates.

The warming of Earth's surface due to radiation.

The Earth's poles receive continuous, indirect sunlight.

They receive direct rays from the sun year-round.

The Earth's atmosphere thins as altitude increases.

The lower the elevation, the higher the temperatures.

When either the Northern or the Southern Hemisphere is tilted away from the sun.

When the midlatitude zone faces the sun, receiving direct rays.

When either the Northern or the Southern Hemisphere is tilted toward the sun.

When the low latitude zone faces the sun, receiving indirect rays.

The Earth's atmosphere thins as altitude increases, producing a colder climate.

As elevation increases, temperatures rise.

Mountains at higher elevations receive direct sunlight.

Thinner air occurs at lower elevations, lowering temperatures.

Ocean currents are mainly caused by the even distribution of sunlight, just as wind patterns rely on the Sun.

Ocean currents move in a diagonal pattern, similar to the movement of prevailing winds.

Both are solely caused by the relationship between the elevation of a place and its temperature.

Both are caused by Earth's rotation, air pressure changes, and differences in water temperature.

The result of a process by which dry areas develop on the leeward sides of mountain ranges

A stream of seawater that flows in the oceans, caused by global winds at the Equator

An annual pattern of strong winds and severe flooding in Southeast Asia and Australia

A reversal of ocean currents and water temperatures in the mid-Pacific region

1. A major type of ecological community mainly defined by distinctive natural vegetation and animal groups

1. A specific type of climate found in or near low latitudes in areas otherwise referred to as the Tropics

1. A region that receives continual rainfall which strips the soil of its nutrients but contributes to thick vegetation

1. Plant life that grows in a certain area if people have not changed the natural environment

1. The average daily temperatures in each

1. The proximity of each to the Equator

1. The amount of rainfall and vegetation in each

1. The geographical location of each

1. mild, rainy winters; warm, dry summers

1. year-round freezing temperatures and limited vegetation

1. direct sunlight year-round with long summers, but cool temperatures

1. cool summers and winters with abundant rainfall

1. Vegetation decreases as one moves toward higher latitudes.

1. Vegetation decreases as one moves toward lower latitudes.

1. Vegetation increases as one moves toward higher latitudes.

1. Changes in latitude have very little effect on the amount of vegetation.

1. language families

1. religion

1. climate

1. social system

1. to uphold moral values

1. to help people work together to meet basic needs

1. to allow people to communicate with each other

1. to provide order within a country

1. the invention of a new way of farming.

1. a group of refugees from one country moving to another country.

1. the leader of the major religion in an area stepping down.

1. a shift from food gathering to food production.

1. cultures that have certain traits in common

an early center of civilization

1. the spread of knowledge between cultures

1. a common language

1. the Information Revolution

1. the Agricultural Revolution

1. the Industrial Revolution

1. the Cultural Revolution

1. the movement of people from place to place

1. the difference between an area's birthrate and its death rate

1. the number of deaths per year for every 1,000 people

1. the number of years it takes a population to double in size

1. zero population growth

1. migration

war

1. improved healthcare

1. birthrate is higher than death rate by zero percent

1. birthrate is higher than death rate by 60 percent

1. death rate is higher than birthrate by 30 percent

1. birthrate is lower than death rate by 50 percent

geography

migration

negative population growth

rapid population growth

1. the natural increase of the population of a country

1. the doubling time of the population for a country

1. a country's stage in the demographic transition model

1. the population density of a country

1. the Prime Minister of Great Britain

1. the President of the United States

1. the King of Saudi Arabia

1. the Chancellor of Germany

1. religion

1. economics

1. the people

1. the queen.

1. monarch democracy.

1. assembled democracy.

1. direct democracy.

1. representative democracy.

1. a geometric boundary

1. a religious boundary

1. a natural boundary

1. a cultural boundary

1. nationalism

1. terrorism

1. internationalism

1. cultureless

1. the industries.

1. the government.

1. the people.

1. the business owners.

1. the following of customs

1. the government

1. the free market

1. capitalism

1. capitalism

1. free market

1. democracy

1. socialism

1. farmer

1. computer technician

1. teacher

1. government representative

1. a desire to increase gross domestic product

1. a desire for goods from other cultures

1. an unequal distribution of wealth

1. an unequal distribution of natural resources

1. urban sprawl

1. connectivity

1. infrastructure

1. urbanization

1. near a water source

1. in the desert

1. on a large, open plain

1. near other cities

1. shift in culture

1. loss of industry

1. change in climate

1. growth of suburbia

1. a surplus labor force

1. urban sprawl

1. pollution

1. loss of industry

creativity

1. overcrowding

public transit

1. infrastructure