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Protein Synthesis and Mutations

Total questions: 82

Worksheet time: 2hrs 59mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Label the diagram

a)anticodon
b)mRNA
c)tRNA
d)Ribosome
e)amino acids
1
2
3
4
5
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
2.
This type of RNA carries the amino acid from the cytoplasm to the ribosome during PS?
a)
tRNA
b)
rRNA
c)
mRNA
d)
pRNA
3.

To make a ​ (a)   , a gene's DNA sequence is ​ (b)   to a strand of ​ (c)   . RNA is ​ (d)   into chains of ​ (e)   by ribosomes, and a protein is formed.

Choose from the below words
protein
transcribed
RNA
translated
amino acids
4.

​ (a)   : forms part of ribosomes, cell's protein factories

​ ​ (b)   : brings amino acids from cytoplasm to a ribosome to help make growing proteins.

​ (c)   : intermediate message that is translated to form a protein

Choose from the below words
rRNA
tRNA
mRNA
5.

​ (a)   is the process of creating a small messenger ​ (b)   that can leave the ​ (c)   and reach the ribosome to make​ (d)   .

Choose from the below words
protein
Transcription
RNA
nucleus
DNA
lipid
Replication
6.

Match the following

a)

DNA Bases

1.

A-T

b)

RNA Bases

2.

A-U

c)

DNA Structure

3.

Double Stranded

d)

RNA Structure

4.

Single Stranded

e)

DNA Function

5.

Genetic Code

7.

Match the Base Pairs

a)

Adenine

1.

Thymine

b)

Cytosine

2.

Guanine

c)

Guanine

3.

Cytosine

d)

Thymine

4.

Adenine

8.

Label the nucleotide

a)sugar
b)phosphate
c)nitrogen base
1
2
3
1)
2)
3)
9.

Which part is the backbone of DNA?

A
B
C
D
10.

Label the image

a)A
b)G
c)sugar-phosphate backbone
d)stores genetic info
e)Hydrogen bond
f)T
g)C
1
2
3
4
5
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
11.

A model of DNA is shown.

Which part of the DNA model is most directly associated with the coding of genetic information?

A
B
C
D
12.

Unit 4

Identify the part of the DNA segment that is labeled "X" in the diagram.​ (a)  

Choose from the below words
hydrogen bond
phosphate
adenine
guanine
deoxyribose sugar
cytosine
thymine
13.

A. ​ (a)  

B. ​ (b)  

C. ​ (c)   ​​

D. ​ (d)  

Choose from the below words
hydrogen bonds
Phosphate Group
sugar
nitrogen base
14.

Match the following RNA Molecules A, B and C in the picture to its function.

a)
1.

ribosome where proteins are assembled

b)
2.

builds the polypeptide to make protein

c)
3.

sends a message from the DNA in the nucleus to the cytoplasm

15.

Where does the mRNA strand go after transcription is complete?

a)

To the ribosomes.

b)

Back to the DNA.

c)

It remains in the nucleus.

d)

It exits the cell.

16.

What happens to the mRNA strand once it is completed during transcription?

a)

It stays in the nucleus.

b)

It is destroyed.

c)

It leaves the nucleus and transcription is complete.

d)

It starts replicating itself.

17.

What is the role of mRNA in the process of transcription?

a)

It replicates the DNA's code.

b)

It delivers the DNA's code to the rest of the cell.

c)

It translates the DNA into proteins.

d)

It modifies the DNA structure.

18.

What are the four possible bases that make up a codon?

a)

A, C, T, U

b)

A, G, C, T

c)

A, U, G, C

d)

C, G, A, P

19.

Based on the given DNA template strand, what would be the sequence of the complementary DNA strand?

a)

T G C A A T C G G

b)

A C G T T A G C C

c)

U G C A A U C G G

d)

G C G T T A G C C

20.

Based on the DNA strand "G C C T T A", what would be the complementary mRNA strand?

a)

G C C T T A

b)

C G G A A T

c)

T C C A A U

d)

C G G A A U

21.
DNA molecule segment is : TTACGCAAG
The mutated DNA segment is TTCGCAAG. This is an example of ___ mutation.
a)
Substitution
b)
Deletion
c)
Insertion
d)
Inversion
22.
Normal-
GAG-CTC-GAC-AGA
Mutant
GAG CTC-CAC-AGA
a)
no mutation
b)
substitution
c)
insertion
d)
deletion
23.
What do helpful mutations do? 
a)
Increases chances of survival 
b)
Decreases changes of survival 
c)
Increases chances of developing cancer
d)
Decreases skills
24.
What is the definition of DNA mutation? 
a)
The original DNA strand
b)
The strand with four pairs 
c)
A change in the DNA strand
d)
The strand in a double helix 
25.
Original: ATC CAT
Mutation: ATC GCAT
What mutation occurred?
a)
deletion
b)
insertion
c)
silent
d)
transverse
26.
This type of substitution codes for a stop codon
a)
Missense
b)
Nonsense
c)
Silent
d)
Deletion
27.
A type of substitution in which no  amino acids change is called 
a)
Missense
b)
Nonsense
c)
Silent
d)
Deletion
28.
Which of the following would result in a frameshift mutation?
a)
Insertions only
b)
Substitution only
c)
Deletion only
d)
Insertions and Deletions
29.

Which type of mutation is MOST LIKELY to cause the greatest disruption?

a)

Frameshift

b)

Silent

c)

Point

30.
Why is the order of amino acids so important?
a)
The order of amino acids dictates what shape the protein will fold into.
b)
It is not important. The protein folding chamber will force the protein to fold into the correct shape.
31.
Which RNA bases would pair with TACGAA in transcription? 
a)
AUGCUU
b)
ATGCTT
c)
GCATCC
d)
GCAUCC
32.

TRANSLATE this RNA sequence: AUGCAAUGA

a)

Met-Glu-Stop

b)

Met-His-Stop

c)

Thr-Glu-Stop

d)

Thr-Pro-Stop

33.

Match the following

a)

C

1.

cytosine

b)

T

2.

thymine

c)

G

3.

guanine

d)

A

4.

adenine

34.

Match the following

a)

DNA -> RNA

1.

Transcription

b)

RNA -> Polypeptides

2.

Translation

c)

Polypeptides -> DNA

3.

None

35.

Organize these options into the right categories

Categorize the following

Double Strand

Single Strand

Dexoyribose

Ribose

Thymine (T)

Uracil (U)

DNA
RNA
36.
Question Image

Match the following

a)

AUG-UAU-GCG-CCC-UAA

1.

Met-Tyr-Ala-Pro

b)

AUG-UUU-AAA-AAA-UAA

2.

Met-Phe-Lys-Lys

c)

AUG-UUU-UCA-CUU-UAA

3.

Met-Phe-Ser-Leu

d)

AUG-CAU-CAC-CGA-UAG

4.

Met-His-His-Arg

e)

AUG-UAG-GCU-AUU-UAG

5.

Met

37.

Types of Point Mutations-

a)

Substitution

1.

affects only that one reading frame

b)

Frameshift

2.

addition or deletion of a single base

c)

Substitution Example-

3.

GCA VS. GTA

d)

Frameshift Insertion Example-

4.

TAC GCA TGG -> TAT CGC ATG G

e)

Frameshift Deletion Example-

5.

TAC GCA TGG -> TAG CAT GG

38.

What does DNA Replication mean? When does it occur?

a)

DNA is made. During G1 phase

b)

DNA makes new cells. During S phase 

c)

DNA copies itself. During S phase

d)

DNA starts the cell cycle. During M phase

39.
Why would it be important to replicate DNA before a cell divides in mitosis or meiosis?
a)
In order for genetic information to be transferred into daughter cells.
b)
In order for the cell to be able to increase in size.
c)
In order for the DNA to be contained in the nucleus.
d)
In order for the cell to re-order the DNA sequencing in the new cells.
40.

Match the complementary nitrogen bases together

a)

Adenine

1.

Thymine

b)

Guanine

2.

Cytosine

c)

Thymine

3.

Adenine

d)

Cytosine

4.

Guanine

41.

DNA molecules contain the genetic information that determines the characteristics of a living organism. How do DNA molecules express the genetic information they contain?

a)

by breaking down proteins within the cell

b)

by directing the process of protein synthesis

c)

by regulating the storage of cellular proteins

d)

by controlling the movement of protein molecules

42.

In Texas Longhorn cattle, coat coloration is an inherited trait. What is the genetic basis of coat-color variation in Texas Longhorn cattle?

a)

Differences in the nucleotide sequences of genes

b)

Differences in the numbers of chromosomes in cells

c)

Differences in the diets of individual cattle

d)

Differences in the environmental conditions of different geographical areas 

43.

AUG codes for the amino acid Methionine and AAA codes for Lysine in cucumbers. What do those two codons code for in birds?

a)

Valine and Aspartic Acid

b)

Serine and Glutamic Acid

c)

Isoleucine and Histadine

d)

Methionine and Lysine

44.

AUG codes for the amino acid Methionine and AAA codes for Lysine in cucumbers. What do those two codons code for in birds?

a)

Valine and Aspartic Acid

b)

Serine and Glutamic Acid

c)

Isoleucine and Histadine

d)

Methionine and Lysine

45.

Using the Codon chart attached, drag and drop the corresponding amino acid to its mRNA base

AAA : ​ (a)  

GUU : ​ (b)  

UAA : ​ (c)  

AGU : ​ (d)  

Choose from the below words
lysine
valine
stop
serine
46.

Which type of mutation is represented in the image?

a)

a point mutation

b)

an inversion mutation

c)

a deletion mutation

d)

an insertion mutation

47.

Which type(s) of mutations will most likely change sequence of nitrogen bases in a codon?

a)

Insertion

b)

Substitution

c)

Deletion

d)

Translation

48.

Each cell in the human body, with the exception of gametes, contains the same number of chromosomes and the same genetic sequences. Which process determines cell differentiation or cell specialization?

a)

Gene Expression

b)

Mutation of the Genes

c)

Different methods of cell division

d)

the host chooses

49.
How would the DNA sequence GCTATA be transcribed to mRNA?
a)
GCUAUA
b)
CGATAT
c)
CGAUAU
d)
GCUTUT
50.

What are the steps in order of protein synthesis.

a)

Messenger RNA is produced using DNA as a template

b)

mRNA attaches to the ribosome

c)

a anti-codon on tRNA bonds to a specific codon on mRNA

d)

Amino acids bond together to create a peptide chain

e)

A protein is created

1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
51.

What is the amino acid sequence for the following mRNA strand:


UGG-ACU-CGA-GUG

(a)  

52.

If the DNA sequence of a gene is TAC CCC GGA GAG, what mRNA sequence will be produced in transcription?

a)

RNA Polymerase

b)

AUG GGG CCU CUC

c)

ATG GGG GGT GTG

d)

AUG GGG CCU CUG

e)

AUG CCG GCA CGG

53.

What amino acid would be added to the protein being formed during translation if the mRNA codon reads "AUG?"

a)

Phenylalanine

b)

Tyrosine

c)

Leucine

d)

Methionine

54.

If the DNA sequence of a gene is GAC CAA TAT GTA, what mRNA sequence will be produced in transcription?

a)

nucleus

b)

AUG GGG CCU CUC

c)

CUG GUU AUA CAU

d)

GAC CAA UAU GUA

e)

CUG CCG GCA CGG

55.

What amino acid would be added to the protein being formed during translation if the mRNA codon reads "CCU?"

a)

Isoleucine

b)

Stop

c)

Methionine

d)

Proline

56.
What is the correct amino acid sequence for the mRNA code AUGCCAGUAUGA
a)
Met-Pro-Ala-Val
b)
Met-Pro-Val
c)
Tyr-Gly-His
d)
Tyr-Gly-Arg-His
57.

What type of mutation is this?

a)

Substitution

b)

Deletion

c)

Insertion

58.

What is it called when a mutation has no effect on the amino acid sequence in the final polypeptide?

a)

Substitution mutation

b)

No mutation

c)

Silent mutation

d)

Replication mutation

59.

Which of the following images is a DELETION?

a)
b)
c)
60.

Which of the following images is a SUBSTITUTION?

a)
b)
c)
61.

Determine the correct order of the amino acid sequence to be produced from the DNA template:

3' CCG TCT AAG GTG ACC CTT 5'

a)

Valine - Threonine - Lysine - Serine - Proline - Glutamic Acid

b)

Glycine - Valine - Lysine - Serine - Proline - Alanine

c)

Proline - Serine - Lysine - Threonine - Valine - Stop

d)

Glycine - Arginine - Phenylalanine - Histidine - Tryptophan - Glutamic Acid

62.

Determine the correct amino acid sequence from the mRNA strand:

5' AUG CAG UCU GCA CUG AGC 3'

a)

Met-His-Ser-Ala-Leu-Ser

b)

Met-Arg-Ser-Ala-Leu-Ser

c)

Met-His-Ser-Leu-Ala-Ser

d)

Met-Gln-Ser-Ala-Leu-Ser

63.

Which amino acid is coded for by the following mRNA codon CCU?

A
B
C
D
64.

Determine the correct amino acid sequence from the mRNA strand:

5' UAU GCC GUA CGC GAA CAC 3'

a)

Tyrosine - Glycine -Valine - Arginine -Glutamic Acid -Histidine

b)

Tyrosine - Alanine -Leucine - Arginine -Glutamic Acid -Histidine

c)

Tyrosine - Alanine -Valine - Arginine -Glutamic Acid -Histidine

d)

Tyrosine - Alanine -Valine - Arginine -Glutamic Acid - Asparagine

65.

Match the type of mutation with its definition:

a)

when one nucleotide is switched for a different one in the DNA sequence

1.
Substitution
b)

when one nucleotide is added into the DNA sequence

2.

Insertion

c)

when one nucleotide is removed from the DNA sequence

3.

Deletion

66.

Which type of mutation has occurred in this sequence of DNA?

Original DNA: 3' ATGCGCTAGATCGAT 5'

Mutated DNA: 3' ATGCCGCTAGATCGAT 5'

a)
substitution
b)
duplication
c)
deletion
d)
insertion
67.

Which type of mutation has occurred in this sequence of DNA?

Original DNA: 3' ATGCGCTAGATCGAT 5'

Mutated DNA: 3' ATGCGCAAGATCGAT 5'

a)
substitution
b)
duplication
c)
deletion
d)
insertion
68.

6C Which of the following polypeptides is coded for by the mRNA sequence ′5 AUGGUUAAACGACAAUCC 3'?

a)

Val, Lys, Phe, Gly, Ser

b)

Met, Asp, Phe, Ala, Arg

c)

Met, Val, Lys, Arg, Gln, Ser

d)

Ile, Gln, Lys, Asp, Gly, Leu, Ser

69.

What mutation has occurred here?

T-G-A-C-C-A

T-G-A-G-C-A

a)

Substitution

b)

Deletion

c)

Insertion

d)

Frameshift

70.

DNA molecule segment is : TTACGCAAG

The mutated DNA segment is TTACGCAAC. This is an example of ___ mutation.

a)

Substitution

b)

Insertion

c)

Inversion

d)

Translocation

71.

ATT-TGA-GCC- Original

ATT-GAG-CC - Mutated

The example above is an example of a

a)

Insertion- Frameshift

b)

Deletion- Substitution

c)

Deletion -Frameshift

d)

All of the above

72.

DNA molecule segment is : TTA-CGC-AAG

The mutated DNA segment is TTC-GCA-AG. This is an example of ___ mutation.

a)

Substitution

b)

Deletion

c)

Insertion

d)

Inversion

73.

Original DNA: CAT GAT CCA

New DNA: CAT TGA TCC A

What mutation occurred?

a)

deletion

b)

substitution

c)

tranverse

d)

insertion

74.
Original: ATC CAT
Mutation: ATC GCAT
What mutation occurred?
a)
deletion
b)
insertion
c)
silent
d)
transverse
75.
Which of the following would result in a frameshift mutation?
a)
Insertions only
b)
Substitution only
c)
Deletion only
d)
Insertions and Deletions
76.

What type of gene mutation has occurred here? Normal-

AGA-TTC-ATA-GCG

Mutant-

AGA-TTC-AAT-AGC-G

a)

deletion frameshift

b)

insertion frameshift

c)

substitution

d)

nonsense

77.

Why are insertion and deletion mutations so harmful?

a)

They change all of the codons from the mutation on down the line, which changes the amino acid sequence

b)

They insert things that an organism doesn't need.

c)

They often delete things that organisms need.

d)

Insertion and deletions are not any more harmful than substitution mutations.

78.
A segment of DNA produces methionine, threonine, histidine, aspartate, and glycine when translated. A substitution mutation occurs and causes the sythesis of the segment shown. Which is the new peptide chain when the new DNA segment is translated?
a)
methionine, leucine, histidine, aspartate, glycine
b)
methionine, phenylalanine, histidine, aspartate, glycine
c)
Methionine, proline, histidine, aspartate, glycine
d)
methionine, serine, histidine, aspartate, glycine
79.
Which mutation will cause translation to stop? 
a)
Mutations 1 and 3 only
b)
Mutation 1 only
c)
Mutation 2 only
d)
Muations 1, 2, 3
80.

Match the following

a)

have no effect on the amino acids produced during protein synthesis.

1.

silent mutation

b)

causes a stop codon instead of a normal amino acid codon. This causes translation to be terminated prematurely, causing a shorter protein. 

2.

nonsense mutation

c)

causes a codon to code for a different amino acid than the original one.

3.

missence mutation

d)

causes the “reading frame” of the codons to shift forwards or backwards. This can change the entire sequence of amino acids.

4.

frameshift mutation

e)

causes a change to one base and potentially one amino acid of the polypeptide chain

5.

point mutation

81.

Match the following

a)

C

1.

cytosine

b)

T

2.

thymine

c)

G

3.

guanine

d)

A

4.

adenine

82.

Label the Model of Transcription

a)

RNA

b)

DNA

1
2
1)
2)

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