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Computer Technology Quiz

Total questions: 229

Worksheet time: 10hrs 27mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

What does Moore's Law state?

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2.

Who proposed Moore's Law?

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3.

Is Moore's Law still valid today?

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4.

How has Moore's Law impacted technology?

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5.

What is quantitative design?

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6.

What is the importance of performance benchmarks?

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7.

What are the key metrics in performance analysis?

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8.

Why is Amdahl's Law significant?

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9.

What does Flynn's Taxonomy classify?

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10.

What are the four categories in Flynn's Taxonomy?

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11.

What is SIMD?

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12.

Which category does a multi-core processor fall under?

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13.

What is an ISA?

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14.

What are examples of ISA types?

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15.

Why is ISA design important?

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16.

What are ISA key components?

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17.

What is the main goal of memory optimization?

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18.

What is DRAM?

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19.

What is one common memory optimization technique?

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20.

How does SRAM differ from DRAM?

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21.

Why is data center energy usage a concern?

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22.

What is PUE?

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23.

What strategies reduce energy usage in data centers?

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24.

What is the role of AI in energy management?

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25.

What is the difference between power and energy?

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26.

Why is energy efficiency critical in computing?

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27.

How can dynamic voltage scaling save power?

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28.

What is the role of low-power design?

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29.

What causes dynamic power consumption?

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30.

How is dynamic power calculated?

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31.

What is the main way to reduce dynamic power?

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32.

How does clock gating reduce power?

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33.

What is the purpose of memory hierarchy?

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34.

What is the fastest memory in the hierarchy?

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35.

How does locality of reference relate to memory hierarchy?

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36.

What happens when data is not in the cache?

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37.

What is cache memory?

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38.

What are the types of cache mapping?

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39.

What is a cache miss?

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40.

How does increasing cache size improve performance?

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41.

What are the two main types of memory technologies?

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42.

What is the primary use of SRAM?

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43.

Why is DRAM commonly used as main memory?

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44.

What is a key feature of non-volatile memory?

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45.

What is the goal of memory optimization?

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46.

What is prefetching?

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47.

What is memory interleaving?

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48.

What is prefetching?

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49.

What is memory interleaving?

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50.

How does write-back cache improve memory performance?

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51.

What is ECC memory?

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52.

Why is dependability crucial for memory systems?

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53.

What is wear leveling in flash memory?

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54.

What is RAID used for in memory systems?

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55.

What is cache blocking?

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56.

What is a split cache?

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57.

How does increasing cache associativity improve performance?

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58.

What is a write buffer?

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59.

What is victim cache?

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60.

What is the role of compiler optimizations in cache performance?

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61.

What is multi-level caching?

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62.

What is cache bypassing?

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63.

What is virtual memory?

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64.

What is a page table?

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65.

What is a page fault?

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66.

What is demand paging?

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67.

What is instruction pipelining?

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68.

What are the main pipeline stages?

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69.

What is pipeline stall?

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70.

What is branch prediction?

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71.

What is a data dependency?

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72.

What are the types of data dependencies?

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73.

How can data hazards be mitigated?

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74.

What is register renaming?

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75.

What is ILP?

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76.

What is out-of-order execution?

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77.

What is superscalar architecture?

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78.

What is speculative execution?

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79.

What factors affect processor performance?

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80.

How does increasing clock speed impact performance?

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81.

What is hyper-threading?

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82.

Why is energy efficiency critical in modern processors?

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83.

What is Data-Level Parallelism (DLP)?

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84.

What is an example of DLP?

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85.

How does DLP differ from Instruction-Level Parallelism (ILP)?

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86.

What hardware supports DLP?

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87.

Why is branch prediction important?

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88.

What is a two-level branch predictor?

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89.

What is a branch target buffer (BTB)?

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90.

What is speculative execution in branch prediction?

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91.

What is Tomasulo's Algorithm?

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92.

How does Tomasulo's Algorithm handle dependencies?

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93.

What is the role of a common data bus (CDB) in Tomasulo's Algorithm?

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94.

What type of hazards does Tomasulo's Algorithm mitigate?

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95.

What type of hazards does Tomasulo's Algorithm mitigate?

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96.

What is register renaming?

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97.

Which types of hazards does register renaming solve?

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98.

How is register renaming implemented?

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99.

Why is register renaming essential in out-of-order execution?

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100.

What is a Re-Order Buffer (ROB)?

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101.

How does the ROB maintain program correctness?

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102.

What types of hazards does the ROB address?

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103.

What is speculative execution's role in the ROB?

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104.

What does VLIW stand for?

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105.

How do VLIW processors achieve parallelism?

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106.

What is a drawback of VLIW processors?

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107.

How does VLIW differ from superscalar processors?

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108.

What enables Data-Level Parallelism?

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109.

Why is DLP efficient for scientific computing?

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110.

What is the role of vector registers in DLP?

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111.

How do GPUs excel at DLP?

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112.

What does SIMD stand for?

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113.

How does SIMD improve performance?

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114.

Where is SIMD commonly used?

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115.

What is the difference between SIMD and MIMD?

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116.

What is vector processing in SIMD?

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117.

What is a key advantage of SIMD architectures?

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118.

How does SIMD handle alignment?

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119.

What limits SIMD performance?

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120.

What are masked vector instructions?

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121.

How does masking improve flexibility?

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122.

What is a practical use of masked instructions?

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123.

How are masks implemented in SIMD?

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124.

What are SIMD extensions?

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125.

How do SIMD extensions improve performance?

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126.

Where are SIMD extensions commonly used?

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127.

What is a limitation of SIMD extensions?

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128.

What is loop unrolling in SIMD?

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129.

How do alignment restrictions affect SIMD performance?

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130.

What is fused multiply-add (FMA)?

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131.

How can software exploit SIMD effectively?

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132.

How are GPUs different from CPUs?

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133.

What is the main advantage of a GPU?

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134.

What is a key use case of GPUs?

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135.

What is shared memory in GPUs?

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136.

What is CUDA?

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137.

What programming language is used with CUDA?

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138.

What is a CUDA kernel?

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139.

Where is CUDA commonly used?

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140.

Where is CUDA commonly used?

a)

Machine learning

b)

Molecular dynamics simulations

c)

Real-time video processing

141.

What is a process?

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142.

What is a thread?

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143.

Why are threads faster than processes?

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144.

What is a key difference in memory usage between processes and threads?

a)

Processes have separate memory spaces

b)

Threads share the same memory space

145.

What is TLP?

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146.

How do multicore architectures enhance TLP?

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147.

What is the relationship between TLP and DLP?

a)

TLP focuses on task-level parallelism

b)

DLP focuses on data-level parallelism

148.

How does TLP benefit from hyper-threading?

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149.

Why is increasing core count important for parallelization?

4 lines
150.

What is the challenge of scaling with core counts?

4 lines
151.

What is Amdahl's Law?

4 lines
152.

How do software optimizations affect parallelization?

4 lines
153.

What is an SMP system?

4 lines
154.

How do SMP systems communicate?

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155.

What is a key advantage of SMP?

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156.

What is a limitation of SMP systems?

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157.

What is concurrency?

4 lines
158.

What is a critical section?

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159.

What are common synchronization mechanisms?

a)

Mutexes

b)

Semaphores

c)

Condition variables

160.

What is a deadlock?

4 lines
161.

What is cache coherence?

4 lines
162.

Why is cache coherence important?

4 lines
163.

What are the main coherence problems?

a)

Write propagation

b)

Stale data issues

164.

What is a common solution for cache coherence?

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165.

What is the MESI protocol?

4 lines
166.

How does the MESI protocol ensure coherence?

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167.

What is a snooping protocol?

4 lines
168.

What is a drawback of directory-based protocols?

4 lines
169.

What factors affect multi-threading performance?

a)

Workload balance

b)

Thread synchronization

c)

Memory bandwidth

170.

How does thread synchronization impact performance?

4 lines
171.

What is thread affinity?

4 lines
172.

Why does multi-threading not always scale linearly?

4 lines
173.

What is memory consistency?

4 lines
174.

Why is memory consistency important?

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175.

What is sequential consistency?

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176.

What challenge arises with stricter consistency models?

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177.

What are relaxed consistency models?

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178.

Why are relaxed models used?

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179.

What is an example of a relaxed model?

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180.

How are relaxed models managed in programming?

4 lines
181.

What is a Warehouse-Scale Computer (WSC)?

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182.

What distinguishes WSCs from traditional data centers?

4 lines
183.

What is a primary application of WSCs?

4 lines
184.

Why are WSCs energy-efficient?

4 lines
185.

What are key features of WSC architecture?

a)

Scalability

b)

Fault tolerance

186.

What are key features of WSC architecture?

a)

Scalability

b)

Fault tolerance

c)

Distributed resource management

187.

How do WSCs achieve fault tolerance?

a)

By replicating data

b)

By using distributed algorithms for recovery

188.

What is resource disaggregation in WSCs?

4 lines
189.

What role does network hierarchy play in WSCs?

a)

Provides high-speed connectivity

b)

Ensures efficient data movement

190.

What is the primary goal of programming models in WSCs?

a)

To simplify development

b)

To execute large-scale distributed applications

191.

What is MapReduce?

4 lines
192.

What workloads are common in WSCs?

a)

Web services

b)

Big data analytics

c)

Machine learning

193.

Why are workloads in WSCs optimized for parallelism?

4 lines
194.

What is a key feature of WSC programming models?

4 lines
195.

How does serverless computing fit into WSC models?

4 lines
196.

What is the role of frameworks like Apache Hadoop?

4 lines
197.

What is a drawback of WSC programming models?

4 lines
198.

Why is network hierarchy important in WSCs?

a)

Ensures low latency

b)

Provides high bandwidth communication

199.

What are typical levels in a WSC network hierarchy?

a)

Top-of-rack switches

b)

Aggregation switches

c)

Core routers

200.

What storage solutions are used in WSCs?

a)

Distributed file systems

b)

Object storage

201.

How does caching improve storage performance in WSCs?

4 lines
202.

What is the purpose of a memory hierarchy in WSCs?

4 lines
203.

What are array switches?

4 lines
204.

How do array switches enhance performance?

4 lines
205.

What is an example of tiered memory in WSCs?

4 lines
206.

Why are cooling systems critical in WSCs?

a)

To prevent overheating

b)

To maintain efficient operation of hardware

207.

What is a common cooling method in WSCs?

a)

Liquid cooling

b)

Advanced airflow systems

208.

How is power distributed in WSCs?

a)

Using redundant power supplies

b)

Using backup systems for reliability

209.

What is Power Usage Effectiveness (PUE)?

4 lines
210.

How is WSC efficiency measured?

a)

Using metrics like PUE

b)

Workload throughput

c)

Energy consumption

211.

What is the role of cloud computing in WSCs?

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212.

Why is elasticity important in cloud computing?

4 lines
213.

What is a benefit of cloud computing for users?

4 lines
214.

What is a fallacy in computer architecture?

4 lines
215.

Why is ignoring Amdahl's Law a pitfall?

4 lines
216.

How can over-optimization be a pitfall?

4 lines
217.

Why is benchmarking a potential pitfall?

4 lines
218.

What is a domain-specific architecture?

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219.

What is an advantage of domain-specific architectures?

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220.

What is a disadvantage of these architectures?

4 lines
221.

Why are domain-specific architectures popular in AI?

4 lines
222.

How does AI create value?

a)

By automating tasks

b)

Making predictions

c)

Providing insights through data analysis

223.

What is a key challenge in realizing AI's potential?

a)

Ensuring ethical use

b)

Fairness

c)

Transparency in AI systems

224.

What industries benefit most from AI?

a)

Healthcare

b)

Finance

c)

Transportation

d)

Retail

225.

How does AI impact productivity?

a)

By enabling faster decision-making

b)

Reducing human error

226.

What is a neural network?

4 lines
227.

What are the key components of a neural network?

a)

Input layer

b)

Hidden layers

c)

Output layer

d)

Weights connecting the neurons

228.

What is backpropagation?

4 lines
229.

Why are activation functions used?

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