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CIVICS-CLASS-6

Total questions: 160

Worksheet time: 3hrs 40mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
What does the term "diversity" mainly refer to?
a)
Differences in food habits
b)
Differences in language
c)
Differences among people
d)
All of the above
2.
How does geography influence diversity in India?
a)
Through religion
b)
By determining occupation
c)
By creating differences
d)
It has no influence
3.
Which Indian festival reflects religious diversity?
a)
Diwali
b)
Holi
c)
Christmas
d)
All of the above
4.
Which Indian state is best known for its cultural diversity?
a)
Punjab
b)
Kerala
c)
Rajasthan
d)
All of the above
5.
The Constitution of India recognizes how many official languages?
a)
18
b)
22
c)
25
d)
28
6.
What is a primary cause of economic inequality in India?
a)
Caste
b)
Education
c)
Both caste and education
d)
None of the above
7.
Which is NOT a factor contributing to diversity?
a)
Climate
b)
Religion
c)
National flag
d)
Historical events
8.
What is the key element in promoting unity among people despite diversity?
a)
Similarity in income levels
b)
Respect for differences
c)
Same lifestyle
d)
None of the above
9.
Why is India called a land of diversity?
a)
It has a variety of resources
b)
It has different cultures
c)
It has many states
d)
All of the above
10.
Which of the following is a challenge to diversity?
a)
Discrimination
b)
Equal opportunities
c)
Free education
d)
None of the above
11.
What does "unity in diversity" signify in India?
a)
Complete uniformity
b)
Different people living in harmony
c)
Lack of differences
d)
None of the above
12.
What does the word "inequality" mean in the context of diversity?
a)
Equal rights
b)
Unequal distribution of resources
c)
Equal distribution
d)
None of the above
13.
Which factor is most responsible for linguistic diversity in India?
a)
Religion
b)
Geography
c)
History
d)
Education
14.
Which article of the Constitution supports the right to equality?
a)
Article 12
b)
Article 14
c)
Article 18
d)
Article 21
15.
What is the main focus of "Understanding Diversity" in Civics?
a)
Eliminating religion
b)
Accepting differences
c)
Avoiding diversity
d)
None of the above
16.
How is India’s unity maintained despite its diversity?
a)
By enforcing laws
b)
Through cultural understanding
c)
By ignoring differences
d)
None of the above
17.
Which Indian region is most known for its linguistic diversity?
a)
Southern India
b)
Western India
c)
Northeastern India
d)
Central India
18.
What role do festivals play in India’s cultural diversity?
a)
Promote religious harmony
b)
Focus on economic growth
c)
Encourage tourism
d)
None of the above
19.
What is the major challenge in achieving "equality in diversity"?
a)
Regional conflicts
b)
Acceptance of differences
c)
Economic disparity
d)
Overpopulation
20.
What term best describes India’s diversity in religion, language, and customs?
a)
Secularism
b)
Socialism
c)
Multiculturalism
d)
Regionalism
21.
What does the term "prejudice" mean?
a)
Disliking a group
b)
Judging people negatively
c)
Having an opinion
d)
Respecting differences
22.
Which of the following is an example of discrimination?
a)
Equal pay
b)
Caste-based division
c)
Freedom of speech
d)
Equal opportunities
23.
Why do stereotypes exist in society?
a)
To create unity
b)
To spread awareness
c)
To generalize groups
d)
To promote equality
24.
What is a stereotype?
a)
A factual statement
b)
A positive generalization
c)
A fixed belief about a group
d)
None of the above
25.
Which group was most affected by caste-based discrimination in ancient India?
a)
Farmers
b)
Artisans
c)
Dalits
d)
Merchants
26.
Which article in the Constitution prohibits discrimination on grounds of religion or caste?
a)
Article 14
b)
Article 15
c)
Article 21
d)
Article 19
27.
How is diversity related to discrimination?
a)
It creates more equality
b)
It can lead to prejudices
c)
It reduces inequality
d)
It has no connection
28.
What is untouchability according to the Indian Constitution?
a)
A form of unity
b)
A punishable offense
c)
A justified tradition
d)
A lawful practice
29.
Which social reformer fought against caste discrimination?
a)
Raja Ram Mohan Roy
b)
Swami Vivekananda
c)
Dr. B.R. Ambedkar
d)
Rabindranath Tagore
30.
Which of the following is NOT a form of discrimination?
a)
Racism
b)
Stereotyping
c)
Equal access to education
d)
Gender inequality
31.
What is the key to reducing discrimination in society?
a)
Enforcing laws
b)
Understanding diversity
c)
Ignoring differences
d)
Avoiding diversity
32.
Which of the following promotes equality in India?
a)
Mid-Day Meal Scheme
b)
Manual scavenging
c)
Unequal pay
d)
Caste divisions
33.
What role does education play in eliminating discrimination?
a)
Spreads awareness
b)
Maintains stereotypes
c)
Promotes prejudices
d)
Encourages segregation
34.
What is the best way to challenge stereotypes?
a)
Accept them
b)
Question them
c)
Avoid addressing them
d)
Ignore their existence
35.
What does the term "gender discrimination" mean?
a)
Treating genders equally
b)
Favoring one gender over another
c)
Ignoring all genders
d)
None of the above
36.
How can economic discrimination affect society?
a)
By promoting equality
b)
By creating unequal opportunities
c)
By increasing awareness
d)
None of the above
37.
Which government initiative aims to reduce gender discrimination in India?
a)
Beti Bachao Beti Padhao
b)
MGNREGA
c)
Digital India
d)
Make in India
38.
What does the Constitution aim to achieve by promoting equality?
a)
A discriminatory society
b)
A classless society
c)
A society based on stereotypes
d)
A fair and just society
39.
Which of the following can perpetuate discrimination in society?
a)
Education
b)
Political participation
c)
Stereotypes and prejudices
d)
Freedom of expression
40.
How does economic inequality lead to social discrimination?
a)
It increases opportunities
b)
It creates unfair advantages
c)
It fosters inclusion
d)
It encourages equal distribution
41.
What is the primary function of a government?
a)
To control people
b)
To provide services
c)
To ensure justice
d)
Both 2 and 3
42.
What type of government does India have?
a)
Monarchy
b)
Democracy
c)
Dictatorship
d)
Oligarchy
43.
Which of the following is a democratic feature of government?
a)
Elections
b)
Inheritance of power
c)
Absolute rule
d)
Censorship
44.
What does the term "universal adult franchise" mean?
a)
Right to vote for adults only
b)
Right to vote for all citizens
c)
Right to vote for specific groups
d)
Right to vote based on gender
45.
How does the government ensure law and order in society?
a)
By making laws
b)
By enforcing laws
c)
By punishing criminals
d)
All of the above
46.
What is the main role of the judiciary in a government?
a)
To execute laws
b)
To make laws
c)
To interpret laws
d)
To enforce laws
47.
Which branch of government is responsible for creating laws?
a)
Executive
b)
Legislative
c)
Judiciary
d)
Military
48.
What type of government is ruled by a king or queen?
a)
Democracy
b)
Republic
c)
Monarchy
d)
Dictatorship
49.
Why is a democratic government considered better than other forms of government?
a)
It provides equal rights
b)
It ensures absolute power
c)
It promotes inequality
d)
It avoids elections
50.
Which level of government in India handles local problems like water and sanitation?
a)
National
b)
State
c)
Local
d)
None of the above
51.
What is the significance of having three branches of government?
a)
To avoid conflicts
b)
To divide powers
c)
To ensure checks and balances
d)
To simplify governance
52.
What is an example of a welfare function of the government?
a)
Building railways
b)
Providing healthcare
c)
Enforcing tax laws
d)
National defense
53.
What is the key difference between monarchy and democracy?
a)
Monarchy is ruled by one
b)
Democracy is ruled by one
c)
Democracy has no elections
d)
Monarchy is elected
54.
Which document defines the structure of the government in India?
a)
The Indian Constitution
b)
The Penal Code
c)
The Civil Code
d)
The Citizenship Act
55.
What role does a Constitution play in governance?
a)
Defines rights of citizens
b)
Establishes government rules
c)
Ensures power-sharing
d)
All of the above
56.
What is the term for the unfair treatment of people by the government based on race or gender?
a)
Equality
b)
Discrimination
c)
Representation
d)
Liberty
57.
In a federal form of government, power is shared between:
a)
President and Prime Minister
b)
Central and state governments
c)
Judiciary and executive
d)
None of the above
58.
Why do we need laws in a society?
a)
To restrict citizens
b)
To maintain order and justice
c)
To punish the innocent
d)
To increase conflicts
59.
Which of the following ensures accountability in a democracy?
a)
Free media
b)
Elections
c)
Right to Information
d)
All of the above
60.
What is the role of a representative in a democratic government?
a)
To follow personal interests
b)
To represent the people
c)
To act independently
d)
To avoid public opinion
61.
What is the main principle of democracy?
a)
Concentration of power
b)
Equality and participation
c)
Military rule
d)
Inheritance of leadership
62.
How does a democratic government resolve conflicts?
a)
Through laws
b)
Through violence
c)
Through discrimination
d)
Through avoidance
63.
What is the role of the government in promoting equality?
a)
Creating laws against discrimination
b)
Encouraging inequality
c)
Enforcing stereotypes
d)
Ignoring the issue
64.
Which of the following is an example of people's participation in democracy?
a)
Elections
b)
Boycotts
c)
Family gatherings
d)
Military service
65.
What is a key element of a democratic government?
a)
Arbitrary decisions
b)
Social justice
c)
Unequal distribution of power
d)
Hereditary monarchy
66.
What is the function of public opinion in a democracy?
a)
To criticize the government
b)
To support inequality
c)
To influence government decisions
d)
To suppress dissent
67.
Why are elections important in a democracy?
a)
They enable citizens to choose their leaders
b)
They ensure one-party rule
c)
They prevent conflict
d)
They encourage inequality
68.
How does the government ensure social justice?
a)
By promoting favoritism
b)
By creating welfare programs
c)
By neglecting certain groups
d)
By abolishing voting rights
69.
What does the term 'Rule of Law' signify?
a)
Laws are made by citizens
b)
Everyone is equal before the law
c)
Only rulers follow the law
d)
Laws are arbitrary
70.
What role does education play in a democratic government?
a)
Promotes participation
b)
Discourages involvement
c)
Creates inequality
d)
Reduces freedom
71.
Which of the following is a violation of equality in democracy?
a)
Equal pay for equal work
b)
Segregation based on religion
c)
Equal access to public spaces
d)
Free elections
72.
What is the significance of resolving conflicts in a democracy?
a)
Ensures peace and development
b)
Increases inequality
c)
Promotes favoritism
d)
Strengthens divisions
73.
Why is it important to protect minority rights in a democracy?
a)
To prevent unity
b)
To maintain balance and equality
c)
To suppress dissent
d)
To enforce majority rule
74.
What is a key responsibility of citizens in a democracy?
a)
To pay taxes only
b)
To participate in governance
c)
To follow leaders blindly
d)
To avoid social issues
75.
How does a democracy address issues of discrimination?
a)
By ignoring them
b)
By creating laws and policies
c)
By encouraging inequality
d)
By abolishing public opinion
76.
What role does media play in a democratic government?
a)
Spreading misinformation
b)
Reporting on government actions
c)
Avoiding controversial topics
d)
Supporting inequality
77.
Why is transparency important in a democratic government?
a)
To keep secrets from citizens
b)
To ensure accountability
c)
To suppress dissent
d)
To reduce public participation
78.
What is a public interest group in a democracy?
a)
A group that promotes personal interests
b)
A group that works for the welfare of the public
c)
A group that supports inequality
d)
A group that avoids conflicts
79.
What is one way in which citizens can express dissent in a democracy?
a)
By organizing protests
b)
By accepting injustice
c)
By suppressing others' voices
d)
By avoiding elections
80.
Why is equality before the law a cornerstone of democracy?
a)
It promotes privilege
b)
It ensures fairness
c)
It creates hierarchy
d)
It reduces citizens' rights
81.
What is the primary role of the Panchayati Raj system?
a)
Promote monarchy
b)
Empower rural self-governance
c)
Ensure urban development
d)
Strengthen caste-based politics
82.
Which is the smallest administrative unit in the Panchayati Raj system?
a)
Village Panchayat
b)
Zila Parishad
c)
Block Samiti
d)
State Legislature
83.
How are members of the Gram Sabha chosen?
a)
By nomination
b)
By elections
c)
All adults in the village
d)
By appointment
84.
What is the term for the head of the Gram Panchayat?
a)
Sarpanch
b)
Collector
c)
Block Officer
d)
Governor
85.
Which body oversees the work of Gram Panchayats at the district level?
a)
Zila Parishad
b)
Gram Sabha
c)
Lok Sabha
d)
District Committee
86.
What is one major source of income for the Panchayats?
a)
Donations
b)
Taxes on houses, land, and markets
c)
Sales tax
d)
Income tax
87.
What is the role of the Block Samiti in the Panchayati Raj system?
a)
Supervising Zila Parishads
b)
Coordinating Gram Panchayats
c)
Enacting state laws
d)
Conducting parliamentary elections
88.
Which of the following is NOT a function of the Gram Panchayat?
a)
Maintenance of village roads
b)
Education and primary health
c)
Conducting elections for Gram Sabha
d)
Preparing defense policies
89.
Why is the Gram Sabha considered an essential element of democracy in villages?
a)
It enables public participation
b)
It restricts citizen participation
c)
It centralizes power
d)
It promotes inequality
90.
Who elects the members of the Gram Panchayat?
a)
Only village elders
b)
All registered voters in the village
c)
Zila Parishad members
d)
The Chief Minister
91.
What is the term of office for a Sarpanch in the Panchayati Raj system?
a)
2 years
b)
3 years
c)
5 years
d)
6 years
92.
Which of the following is NOT a responsibility of the Gram Panchayat?
a)
Implementing rural development programs
b)
Ensuring law and order
c)
Resolving local disputes
d)
Creating industrial policies
93.
What is a key purpose of Panchayati Raj institutions?
a)
Encourage centralization
b)
Promote rural empowerment
c)
Limit public participation
d)
Undermine local governance
94.
Which Constitutional Amendment introduced the Panchayati Raj system?
a)
42nd Amendment
b)
73rd Amendment
c)
86th Amendment
d)
61st Amendment
95.
How does the Zila Parishad contribute to the Panchayati Raj system?
a)
It handles national-level issues
b)
It assists state-level planning
c)
It oversees development projects at the district level
d)
It only deals with urban governance
96.
Which of the following is an example of a welfare activity by Gram Panchayats?
a)
Tax evasion
b)
Construction of hospitals
c)
Recruitment of police officers
d)
Enforcement of international treaties
97.
Why is decentralization important in Panchayati Raj?
a)
It promotes dictatorship
b)
It empowers local governance
c)
It reduces accountability
d)
It limits citizen participation
98.
Which body ensures that government funds allocated to the Panchayati Raj system are properly utilized?
a)
Lok Sabha
b)
Comptroller and Auditor General (CAG)
c)
Gram Sabha
d)
Supreme Court
99.
How does the Panchayati Raj system ensure transparency?
a)
By allowing citizen participation
b)
By discouraging Gram Sabha meetings
c)
By keeping financial matters secret
d)
By abolishing public records
100.
What is the role of a Ward Member (Panch) in the Panchayati Raj system?
a)
To act as the Sarpanch
b)
To represent a specific ward in the Gram Panchayat
c)
To oversee district-level programs
d)
To act as a state legislator
101.
Who maintains land records in a village?
a)
Sarpanch
b)
Patwari
c)
Collector
d)
Tehsildar
102.
What is the primary responsibility of the Tehsildar in rural areas?
a)
Law enforcement
b)
Collecting land revenue
c)
Managing education programs
d)
Conducting state elections
103.
Which government office resolves disputes related to land ownership?
a)
District Court
b)
Land Revenue Office
c)
Panchayat
d)
Police Station
104.
Why is the Patwari’s role essential in rural administration?
a)
For maintaining education records
b)
For keeping land records accurate
c)
For conducting Panchayat elections
d)
For recruiting village officers
105.
Which law protects women’s right to own property in rural India?
a)
Hindu Succession Act
b)
Land Reform Act
c)
Panchayati Raj Act
d)
Revenue Act
106.
Who is responsible for collecting land revenue in a Tehsil?
a)
Patwari
b)
Collector
c)
Tehsildar
d)
Gram Sabha
107.
How often does the Patwari update land records?
a)
Every year
b)
Once in 6 months
c)
Whenever a sale or inheritance occurs
d)
Every 10 years
108.
What is the purpose of the 'Jamabandi' register?
a)
Maintain land disputes
b)
Record land ownership
c)
Document tax evasion
d)
File court cases
109.
Which body resolves minor disputes in rural areas before they escalate to courts?
a)
Police Station
b)
Panchayat
c)
Zila Parishad
d)
District Magistrate
110.
How does the Tehsildar help the public?
a)
By writing legal documents
b)
By resolving land disputes
c)
By keeping police records
d)
By conducting parliamentary elections
111.
What is the role of the police in rural administration?
a)
Enforcing laws and investigating crimes
b)
Maintaining school attendance
c)
Collecting revenue
d)
Managing Gram Sabha meetings
112.
Why are land records important for farmers?
a)
For education
b)
For insurance claims
c)
For securing loans
d)
Both 2 and 3
113.
Which government office provides certified copies of land records?
a)
Patwari Office
b)
Panchayat Office
c)
Police Station
d)
Tehsil Office
114.
What is the term for a specific unit of land used for administrative purposes?
a)
Plot
b)
Field
c)
Khasra
d)
Gram
115.
How are disputes related to boundary demarcations settled?
a)
By Patwari
b)
By Gram Sabha
c)
By Tehsildar
d)
By State Government
116.
Why is a revenue map important in rural areas?
a)
For school management
b)
To identify water sources
c)
To locate land boundaries
d)
To create budgets
117.
Which act governs the registration of land in rural India?
a)
Land Ceiling Act
b)
Registration Act
c)
Land Acquisition Act
d)
Forest Rights Act
118.
Who can apply for changes in the land record after inheritance?
a)
Patwari
b)
Tehsildar
c)
Heir of the deceased
d)
Gram Panchayat
119.
Why is it important to digitize land records?
a)
To reduce disputes
b)
To increase transparency
c)
To reduce corruption
d)
All of the above
120.
How does the rural police assist in maintaining peace in villages?
a)
By resolving land disputes
b)
By arresting criminals
c)
By conducting Gram Sabha meetings
d)
Both 1 and 2
121.
What is the role of Municipalities in urban areas?
a)
To run educational programs
b)
To manage urban resources
c)
To handle rural development
d)
To oversee village governance
122.
Who is responsible for the maintenance of public health in urban areas?
a)
Mayor
b)
Municipal Corporation
c)
Chief Minister
d)
Urban Police
123.
Which body looks after the development of cities in urban administration?
a)
Zila Parishad
b)
Municipal Corporation
c)
State Government
d)
District Magistrate
124.
What is a key responsibility of the municipal council in urban areas?
a)
Supervising agriculture
b)
Managing waste disposal
c)
Supervising rural administration
d)
Maintaining law and order
125.
Who is the head of a Municipal Corporation in an urban area?
a)
Mayor
b)
Sarpanch
c)
Chief Executive Officer
d)
Commissioner
126.
What is the role of a municipal ward committee?
a)
To decide on rural policies
b)
To handle local issues in a ward
c)
To enforce state laws
d)
To manage the police force
127.
What type of taxes are commonly collected by urban local bodies?
a)
Land tax
b)
Pollution tax
c)
Property tax
d)
Sales tax
128.
Who is responsible for the implementation of urban development projects?
a)
Municipal Corporation
b)
State Government
c)
Village Panchayat
d)
District Magistrate
129.
Which of the following is NOT an area of responsibility for the Municipal Corporation?
a)
Water supply
b)
Street lighting
c)
Primary education
d)
Forest conservation
130.
What type of services does a Municipal Corporation provide to the citizens?
a)
Only security services
b)
Only entertainment services
c)
Services for public health, education, and roads
d)
None of the above
131.
What is the major source of income for a Municipal Corporation?
a)
Loans from the central government
b)
Taxes on trade and agriculture
c)
Taxes on property and trade
d)
Funds from international donors
132.
How does the Municipal Corporation affect urban development?
a)
It designs and implements city planning
b)
It only maintains cleanliness
c)
It enforces national policies
d)
It handles criminal activities
133.
What is the primary objective of the municipal elections?
a)
To select a village head
b)
To elect members of Parliament
c)
To choose the Mayor and councillors
d)
To elect village Sarpanches
134.
How do urban local bodies help in waste management?
a)
By recycling paper only
b)
By organizing large clean-up drives
c)
By handling garbage disposal and organizing waste management
d)
By setting up factories
135.
Which government office directly supports urban local bodies?
a)
Ministry of Urban Development
b)
Ministry of Home Affairs
c)
Ministry of Rural Development
d)
Ministry of Law and Justice
136.
What kind of services do Municipalities provide for the city’s health?
a)
Urban health clinics, sanitation
b)
Only medical treatment
c)
Industrial health services
d)
Forest management
137.
What is the term of office for a Municipal Corporation’s Mayor?
a)
2 years
b)
4 years
c)
5 years
d)
6 years
138.
Which body has the authority to approve the city’s annual budget in an urban area?
a)
The Municipal Corporation
b)
The Zila Parishad
c)
The Chief Minister
d)
The State Legislature
139.
How are municipal councillors selected?
a)
By the state government
b)
By direct elections from each ward
c)
Appointed by the Gram Panchayat
d)
By the Zila Parishad
140.
Which of the following urban problems do Municipalities typically address?
a)
Unemployment in rural areas
b)
Pollution and garbage disposal
c)
Water shortage in rural areas
d)
Lack of roads in rural areas
141.
Which is the primary livelihood in rural areas of India?
a)
Agriculture
b)
Tourism
c)
Manufacturing
d)
Information Technology
142.
What is the term for the practice of growing crops for personal consumption and trade in rural areas?
a)
Horticulture
b)
Subsistence farming
c)
Commercial farming
d)
Agroforestry
143.
What is the main reason for rural unemployment in India?
a)
Lack of education
b)
Lack of opportunities in agriculture
c)
Migration to cities
d)
Excessive government regulations
144.
Which of the following is NOT a rural occupation?
a)
Pottery making
b)
Carpentry
c)
Call center operations
d)
Fishing
145.
What is one of the main reasons for the rise in rural industries?
a)
Large-scale farming
b)
Government subsidies
c)
Availability of raw materials
d)
Skilled labor shortages
146.
Which sector provides the most employment in rural areas?
a)
Primary sector
b)
Secondary sector
c)
Tertiary sector
d)
Quaternary sector
147.
What is the role of women in rural livelihoods?
a)
Housekeeping only
b)
Agricultural labor
c)
Teaching in schools
d)
Small-scale entrepreneurship
148.
Which of the following is a non-agricultural livelihood in rural India?
a)
Tailoring
b)
Animal husbandry
c)
Crop farming
d)
Dairy farming
149.
What is the significance of non-farm employment in rural India?
a)
It reduces migration to cities
b)
It is not sustainable long-term
c)
It is the primary livelihood
d)
It supports urbanization
150.
What is the most common source of income for rural households in India?
a)
Manufacturing
b)
Agriculture
c)
Mining
d)
Forestry
151.
What is an example of a rural occupation that supports the agrarian economy?
a)
Software development
b)
Pottery making
c)
Call center operations
d)
Banking
152.
What is the term for growing crops mainly for sale rather than for consumption by the grower?
a)
Subsistence farming
b)
Commercial farming
c)
Horticulture
d)
Agroforestry
153.
Which organization helps in providing loans to farmers for rural development?
a)
NABARD
b)
RBI
c)
SIDBI
d)
LIC
154.
What is one of the benefits of improving rural livelihoods?
a)
Reduction in rural population
b)
Increased literacy rates
c)
Reduction in migration to cities
d)
Increase in natural resources
155.
What is a key factor contributing to the failure of some rural livelihoods?
a)
Climate change
b)
Technology in agriculture
c)
Government policies
d)
Economic stability
156.
Which type of employment is mostly seasonal in rural India?
a)
Primary sector
b)
Secondary sector
c)
Tertiary sector
d)
Quaternary sector
157.
How does rural electrification help improve livelihoods?
a)
By supporting solar farming
b)
By improving transportation
c)
By ensuring better irrigation
d)
By reducing migration
158.
What is one of the challenges faced by rural laborers in India?
a)
Lack of social security
b)
High wages
c)
Availability of education
d)
Government subsidies
159.
How can rural industries be sustained in the long term?
a)
By increasing government control
b)
By focusing on sustainable practices
c)
By reducing technological input
d)
By expanding urban markets
160.
What is the purpose of Rural Development Programs in India?
a)
To promote industrialization
b)
To increase agricultural subsidies
c)
To develop rural infrastructure
d)
To encourage migration to cities