NEW
Font size
WorksheetsL9 Correlation
Total questions: 14
Worksheet time: 7mins
What is correlation analysis used for?
To calculate effect size for group differences.
To identify outliers in the data.
To determine the variability within a single variable.
To investigate the relationships that exist between variables.
Correlation analysis is an example of what types of analysis?
Univariate
Bivariate (data on two variables is collected from the same participants at the same point in time)
What does a correlation coefficient (r) express?
The strength of shared variance between groups.
The probability of rejecting the null hypothesis.
The direction of causation between two variables.
The nature and strength of the relationship between two variables.
What are the three critical pieces of information provided by a correlation coefficient (r)?
Direction, variability, and independence.
Variability, strength, and sample size.
Causation, prediction, and confidence intervals.
Direction, strength, amount of shared variance.
What is the coefficient of determination?
The standard deviation of the predictor variable.
The p-value for a correlation test.
The range of the correlation coefficient.
The proportion of variance shared between two variables.
In what type of study is a correlation analysis typically used?
Cross-sectional methodological design
Experimental Design
Longitudinal Causal Study
Case Study
Are any variables manipulated in a correlation analysis?
yes
No
Maybe
I don’t know
Are any variables manipulated in a correlation analysis?
What does the phrase 'correlation does not imply causation' mean?
Correlation cannot establish a cause-and-effect relationship.
Correlation is a weaker form of regression analysis.
Correlation tests always assume equal sample sizes.
Correlation can only test weak relationships.
What are spurious correlations?
Statistically significant correlations that lack practical significance.
Apparent correlations between variables that share no actual relationship.
Correlations that occur only in small datasets.
Correlations that result from errors in measurement.
What r values represent weak, moderate, and strong relationships, respectively?
Weak: 0.00–0.49, Moderate: 0.50–0.74, Strong: 0.75–1.0.
Weak: 0.01–0.09, Moderate: 0.10–0.19, Strong: 0.20–0.29.
Weak: 0.20–0.39, Moderate: 0.40–0.59, Strong: 0.60–0.79.
Weak: 0.10–0.29, Moderate: 0.30–0.49, Strong: 0.50–1.0.
What is partial correlation?
A technique that controls for a possible confounding variable(s), also known as covariates.
A test that eliminates sampling errors in correlation analysis.
A measure of shared variance between two variables.
A statistical method that increases the strength of correlation.
What are zero-order correlations?
Standard bivariate correlations - not adjusted for the covariate.
Standard bivariate correlations - adjusted for the covariate.
How is the coefficient of determination calculated?
Multiply the r value by the standard error.
Take the square root of the correlation coefficient.
Square the r value and multiply by 100.
Divide the correlation coefficient by the sample size.
Pearson’s r is a standardised correlation coefficient. It measures the...
Shared variance
Significance
Effect size
