NEW
Font size
Worksheetsфизика 300-350
Total questions: 50
Worksheet time: 25mins
What processes are used in the Clément-Desormes method to determine the ratio of the heat capacities of gases?
Isochoric and isobaric.
Isochoric and isothermal.
Isobaric and adiabatic
Isobaric and isothermal
Isochoric and adiabatic.
Indicate the formulation of the first law of thermodynamics.
The amount of heat transferred to the system is used to perform work against external forces and change the internal energy of the system.
A perpetual motion machine of the second kind is impossible.
Irreversible processes in closed systems occur with increasing entropy.
In a closed Carnot cycle, processes occur at constant entropy.
The process of spontaneous transfer of heat from a cold body to a hot one is impossible.
Indicate the statement of the second law of thermodynamics.
A perpetual motion machine of the first kind is impossible.
In a closed Carnot cycle, processes occur at constant entropy.
When work is done on the system, heat transfer from a cold body to a hot one is possible.
In open systems, entropy can either increase or decrease
A perpetual motion machine of the second kind is impossible.
Specify the definition of a reversible process.
A process in which a system, after going through a series of states, returns to its original state.
The process occurs in both forward and reverse directions without changes in the environment.
A closed cycle flowing clockwise when depicted on the diagram.
Any nonequilibrium process.
>Process at constant temperature.
What work is done by 1 mole of an ideal gas when heated by 1 K at constant volume?
8.31 J/mol•K
1.38*10^-23 J/K
Depends on volume changes.
Depends on heat capacity.
No work is done.
Which part of the Carnot cycle describes an adiabatic process?
1 and 2
3
1 and 3
1
2 and 4
What is the work done by the gas during the transition from state 1 to 2 (P-V diagram)?
600 J
100 J
200 J
400 J
0 J
Which part of the Carnot cycle describes an isothermal process?
2
2 and 4
4
1 and 3
4 and 3
Give a formula expressing the first law of thermodynamics.
Q=nA
Q=cm^t
Q=IUt
Q=cU
Q=^U+A
During isothermal expansion, an ideal gas does work A=20 J. How much will the internal energy of the gas change?
0 J
10 J
20 J
15 J
5 J
Indicate the first law of thermodynamics for an isochoric process.
^U=0
Q=A
A=-^U
Q=0
Which process diagram is shown in the figure?
adiabats.
isobars.
isochores.
isotherms.
polytropes.
During the Carnot cycle, the working substance receives 300 kJ of heat from the heater. The heater temperature is 450 K, the refrigerator temperature is 270 K. Determine the useful work per cycle.
90 kJ
120 kJ
180 kJ
240 kJ
300 kJ
What processes do graphs 1-2, 2-3, 3-1 correspond to?
isobaric, isochoric, isothermal
isothermal, isobaric, isochoric
isochoric, isobaric, isothermal
isochoric, isothermal, isobaric
does not match any processes
What should be the temperature of the heater of an ideal heat engine with an efficiency of 80% if the temperature of the refrigerator is 27°C?
T1=nT2/(1-n)=1200 K
T1=T2/(1-n)=1500K
T1=T2/(1+n)=135K
T1=T2/n=375K
T1=nT2/(1+n)=375K
What is the temperature at which the differences in physical properties between a liquid and its saturated vapor disappear?
Curie temperature
boiling point
absolute temperature
normal temperature
critical temperature
The point in the phase diagram at which the solid, liquid, and gaseous phases of a substance are in equilibrium is called…
critical point
Curie point
>melting point
triple point
boiling point
.
a
b
V
P
R
>The van der Waals equation describes...
ideal gas state
internal energy of real gas
state of real gas
isothermal process in an ideal gas
adiabatic process in an ideal gas
What is the state of a liquid heated above its boiling point called?
equilibrium
critical
stable
metastable
transitional
Give a formula expressing the van der Waals equation for one mole of a real gas.
Which transport phenomenon is caused by the transfer of momentum from one layer of gas to another?
diffusion
viscous friction
thermal conductivity
evaporation
crystallization
Which of the following phenomena is explained by diffusion?
the room becomes warm from the switched on radiator.
copper release during electrolysis.
spread of odors.
water cycle in nature.
tea from an aluminum mug burns your lips, but the same tea from a porcelain cup does not burn.
The figure shows the profile of a wave at a certain point in time. What is its wavelength?
4 m
0,2 m
1 m
0,4 m
12 m
<question2>The figure shows the profile of a wave at a certain point in time. What is its wavelength?
15 m
10 m
20 m
25 m
5 m
What is the speed of propagation of an electromagnetic wave in a vacuum?
300 m/s
3•103 m/s
3•106 m/s
3•108 m/s
30 m/s
The oscillation frequency of alternating current is 50 Hz. What is the cyclic frequency of current oscillations?
100 rad/s
200 rad/s
50 rad/s
314 rad/s
628 rad/s
Provide an expression for the wavenumber (k).
.
12.56 ms
7 ms
1 ms
0,5 ms
157 ms
A standing wave is the result of…
wave diffraction.
transfer of energy by waves.
propagation of vibrations in space.
addition of waves of different frequencies.
interference of waves.
Select wave definition:
harmonic oscillations occurring under the action of a force proportional to the displacement of the body from the equilibrium position.
the body can participate simultaneously in several oscillatory movements. In this case, addition of oscillations takes place.
two mutually perpendicular oscillations of the same period, but different amplitudes and initial phases are added.
the process of propagation of oscillations in a continuous medium.
forced oscillations under the action of an external driving force.
>Plane wave equation...
1
2
3
4
5
How will the wavelength change when the oscillation period of the source is reduced by a factor of 2?
will decrease by 2 times
will decrease by 4 times
will not change
will increase 2 times
will increase 4 times
The distance between the four crests of a traveling wave is 12 m. What is the wavelength?
6 m
12 m
4 m
3 m
2 m
>The distance between two adjacent points of a wave oscillating in the same phase is called...
>period
>wave displacement
>wavelength
>wave speed
‹variant>amplitude
The geometric location of points oscillating in the same phase is called…
>wave displacement
>wave number
wave speed
>amplitude
variant>wave surface
Specify the illumination unit.
cd
lm
W
lx
lm/m2
What is the law of geometric optics?
Wien's law
Stefan-Boltzmann law
law of independence of light beams
Malus' law
Newton's law
How is optical path length determined?
.
1
2
3
4
Under what condition is complete reflection observed?
when light falls from a medium that is optically denser to a medium that is optically less dense;
if there is no interface between the media;
when light falls from a medium that is optically less dense into a medium that is optically denser;
if the angle of incidence and angle of reflection are equal;
none of the answers is correct
Specify the unit of measurement for luminous flux.
cd
W
lx
lm
lm/m2
Specify the units of measurement for the optical power of the lens.
dpt
cd
lm
lx
A
The length of the optical path of a light wave passing through a layer of water 2 mm thick is 2.66 mm. Find the refractive index of water.
1
1,33
2
2,33
3
.
1
2
3
4
The focal plane is
plane passing through the direction of a light beam and the optical axis of a crystal
plane passing through the focus of a lens perpendicular to its principal optical axis
plane passing through an electric vector and a beam
geometric locus of points at which the phase of oscillations has the same value
plane of polarization of light transmitted by a polarizer
.
1
2
3
4
5
Specify one of the rules for constructing an image of an object in lenses.
‹variant>a ray falling on a lens at a certain angle does not change its direction
‹variant>a ray passing through the first focus of a lens after refraction in it does not change its direction
variant>a ray passing through the first focus of a lens after refraction in it passes through the second focus of a lens
‹variant>a ray passing through the optical center of a lens does not change its direction
<variant>there is no correct answer among the answers
.
1
2
3
4
5
.
1
2
3
4
5
