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Worksheets12-15 параграф
Total questions: 77
Worksheet time: 39mins
What is the most effective way of analysing personality?
Written questionnaires
Group therapy
Personal interviews
Two dimensional model analysis
How would a person who is aggressive and changeable be described?
Anxious extrovert
Aggressive extrovert
Unpredictable extrovert
Unreliable extrovert
What are the personality traits of a good pilot?
Reliable and stable
Stable and extroverted
Reliable and extroverted
Reliable, calm and extroverted
What characteristics will authoritarian pilots display?
Are autocratic on most occasions
Are autocratic with the crew of the aircraft but submissive when dealing with an emergency or when under stress
Are autocratic when in command and submissive when confronted by someone of higher perceived status
Tend to be authoritarian when dressed in uniform and when dealing with both air and cabin crew
What 'P' and 'G' qualities should a pilot have?
G + P +
G + P +
G ++ P +
P + P +
How will a person tend to react if they are confronted with a decision from someone they perceive as having a higher status?
Listen to, believe, and comply with the decision
Avoid confrontation
Become introverted
Question the decision
If an average ability group make a decision, is it likely to be better or worse than one made by the individual members?
Worse
Tends to be either
75% of the time better
Better
If a group - with someone who has above average ability - makes a decision, is the decision likely to be better or worse than one made by the above average person on their own?
Unlikely to be better
Likely to be better
Likely to be worse
It depends on the number of the members of the group
Is a group decision likely to be more or less risky than one made by the individual members?
Less risky
Sometimes more risky
Sometimes less risky
More risky
What should a Captain do before making a non-urgent decision?
Put his own view forward and then ask for the opinions of other members of the crew
Consider all the implications
Encourage ideas from the crew before stating his own opinion
Monitor his motor programme (flying)
Body Language is:
non-verbal communication
sign Language
aggression
verbal communication which is open to cultural problems
Self-discipline is an essential quality of the 'ideal' pilot.
True
False
Is a constituted crew an advantage in commercial aviation?
Always
Sometimes
Depends on the task
None of the above
What are the three types of Cockpit Authority Gradient (see p243)?:
autocratic, subjective, synergistic
autocratic, submissive, synergistic
laissez-faire, subjective, synergistic
autocratic, laissez-faire, synergistic
There is no place at all for authoritarianism in the air.
True
False
The Laissez-faire cockpit may arise when:
the Captain is suffering from stress
the Captain is preoccupied
on a competent co-pilot's leg
on an incompetent co-pilot's leg
To counteract an authoritarian cockpit crews should:
ensure that they ensure that their opinions are heard in spite of possible confrontation
remain silent and sort it all out on the ground
cooperate in a conciliatory form but the contents of this cooperation is firm
obtain support from another crew member
CFIT means:
controlled flight in terminal airspace
controlled flight into terrain
controlled flying in training
controlled flying in taxiways (helicopters)
An 'implicit' question:
is another name for closed questions
requires deductions to be made before an answer is possible
does not require deductions to be made before an answer is possible
requires a quick answer
Good Synergy is:
1 + 1 = 2
1 + 1 = < 2
1 + 1 = < 4
1 + 1 = > 2
Coordination is divided into the three following types:
redundant actions, temporal and coaction
redundant actions, general cooperation and coaction
general cooperation, temporal and coaction
cognitive coaction, general cooperation and temporal
Synchronization can be said to be divided into:
temporal synchronization and rational synchronization
cognitive synchronization and temporal synchronization
cognitive synchronization, temporal synchronization, rational synchronization
cognitive synchronization and rational synchronization
One BIT of communication is the quantity of information which reduces the uncertainty of the Receiver by:
75% - 85%
65 - 75%
55 - 75%
50%
Hypertext:
can alter according to the situation
is fixed for all situations
can alter according to the tone
can alter as to the meaning implied
The contents of a transmitter's message will depend on:
the receiver's image of the transmitter
the transmitter's image of the receiver
the transmitter's image of the situation
the transmitter's image of the perceived situation
The following is/are the first to suffer from interhuman conflicts:
concentration and focus on the job in hand
situation awareness
communications and cockpit harmony
communications and quality of work
Having interrupted your Captain for a sound reason you must:
attempt to establish eye contact with him/her
remind him/her of his/her last action before the interruption
make sure there is no ATC traffic on the radio
you must never interrupt
A briefing should consist of less than:
7 ideas
10 ideas
7 sentences
10 sentences
Among the rules to improve crew cooperation are:
good briefings and awareness of cultural differences
good briefings and a harmonious cockpit atmosphere
use professional language
resist putting your opinion forward first
What are the five hazardous attitudes which play a leading role in the inability of an individual to cope with a potentially dangerous situation?
Anti-authority, Overconfident, Invulnerable, Macho and Resigned
Anti-authority, Impulsive, Invulnerable, Macho and Resigned
Anti-authority, Impulsive, Invulnerable, Macho and Overconfident
Overconfident, Impulsive, Invulnerable, Macho and Resigned
Communication in the cockpit is primarily used for what purpose?
It is the main tool to ensure coordination
It is the main tool to ensure comprehension
It is the main tool to ensure harmony
It is the main tool to ensure understanding
What is meant by the term 'synergy'?
Synergy is the state where the individual performances exceeds the sum of the group performance
Synergy is the state where the group performance exceeds the sum of the individual performances
Synergy is the state where the group performance exceeds the sum of the individual performances by 50%
Synergy is the state where the individual performances exceeds the sum of the group performance by 50%
In coordinated action what does the term 'redundant actions' mean?
The strict duplication of actions by various individuals
The strict duplication of actions by two individuals
Actions which are in the past
Actions which have been covered by the checklist
What is meant by 'coaction'?
Individuals working in the different environments but sharing the same general objectives and working independently in carrying out their actions
Individuals working in the same environment and sharing the same general objectives but working independently in carrying out their actions
An action by the co-pilot
The strict duplication of actions by various individuals
In communications what is hypertext?
The set of implicit information contained in a written text or spoken message
A recommended layout for checklists
The set of implicit information contained in a spoken message
A recommended layout for checklists and emergency drills
What is a dialogue?
A conversation between two people
A series of communications on the same subject between a transmitter and receiver
A series of communications on different subjects between a transmitter and receiver
A communication between two or more people or m
What are the key points of a good briefing?
Individual, understood and simple
Individual, clear and simple
Individual, understood and short
Simple, clear, understood and individual
A pilot is reading a checklist. In what way is this reference to the SHELL Concept ?
S - L
H - L
L - S
H - E
What percentage of the appropriate population are anthropometric data table measurements taken from?
80%, i.e. the tenth to the ninetieth percentile, using contour, dynamic and static data
90%, i.e. the fifth to the ninety-fifth percentile, using contour, dynamic and static data
50%, i.e. the twenty-fifth to the seventy-fifth percentile, using contour, dynamic and static data
None of the above
What is the most common checklist error?
Action slip
Too many capital letters are used
Responded to automatically
Missing items
What is the purpose of the lumbar support?
To allow the most comfortable position for the spine and higher neck bones
To allow the most comfortable position for the spine and shoulder bones
To allow the most comfortable position for the spine
To produce an even pressure of the discs by allowing the lower spine to curve Naturally
What are the essential characteristics of a cockpit warning?
It should have the best attention-getting qualities as possible
It should be attention-getting but not alarming
It should have attention-getting qualities which do not compromise a clear indiction to the pilot of the faulty component/system
Must not dazzle or possibly compromise the crew's night vision
What is the most important feature of flight deck design?
Escape and emergency exits should be clear of obstructions
The design eye point must be clearly marked
Important controls must be located in easily reached and unobstructed positions
Controls and indicators should be standardized
What will the pilot lose sight of on the approach if seated below the Design Eye Point?
Some of the undershoot
Some of the overshoot
Peripheral objects especially at night
The sight view
What instrument is best for showing small change?
A digital display
An analogue display
A mixed digital/analogue display
Ultra/high-precision gyro instrument
What colour should the 'Alert' warning be on a CRT?
Bright red and flashing
Steady Red
Flashing yellow/amber
Steady yellow
Which pitot/static instrument is most likely to be misread?
The ASI at night illuminated by a red light
The ASI at night illuminated by low intensity white light
The three point altimeter
The four point altimeter
A manually operated valve should be opened by:
turning it clockwise
turning it anticlockwise
turning either way
depends on the system it operates
The three types of anthropometric measurements are:
static, design, contour
contour, design, dynamic
static, dynamic, contour
static, dynamic, design
In the Shell Model L stands for:
latent errors
long-term errors
lengthy errors
Liveware
System Tolerance can be subdivided into:
protected and semi-protected systems
protected and vulnerable systems
protected and endangered systems
protected and quasi-protected systems
A flashing red warning light on a CRT normally indicates:
there is a fault in a critical system
emergency
alert
Danger
Automation Complacency is:
overconfidence in the handling capability of the pilot
overconfidence in the handling capability of the pilot of computers
overreliance on automation
the blind belief in automation
Mode error is associated with:
automation
hardware
INS
Software
A danger of automation is that:
there can be greater delays between the performance of the crew and its ultimate effect
delays between the performance of the crew and its ultimate effect are shortened
delays between the performance of the crew and its ultimate effect are not appreciated
delays between the performance of the crew and its ultimate effect have no Effect
Automation:
helps with unusual and unexpected situations
may result in a pilot being unaware of important information when dealing with an unusual and unexpected situation
increases reaction time when dealing with unusual and unexpected situations
decreases reaction time when dealing with unusual and unexpected situations
Automation can result in:
lack of information being passed between crew members
too much information being passed between crew members
confused information being passed between crew members
too much detailed information being passed between crew members
What are the categories of risk?
Objective/Sudden and Subjective/Gradual
Sudden/Impromptu and Gradual/Planned
External/Objective and Internal/Subjective
Impromptu/Objective and Planned/Subjective
The Commander is ultimately responsible for all decisions made in the cockpit.
True
False
There is no difference between 'deciding' and 'decision making'.
True
False
A decision is 'good' when:
it can be implemented within the available time
time is not an issue. The decision must be correct
time can be an issue but the correct perception is the important factor
when other members of the crew agree
Preparation is essential for good decision making when time is an issue.
True
False
One of the possible problems of preparation is:
action slip
confirmation bias
error of commission
environment capture
A person will tend to overestimate the frequency of:
a common but negative occurrence
a common but beneficial occurrence
a rare but beneficial occurrence
a rare but negative occurrence
Negative events tend to be overestimated when:
they are well published
obvious
under published
the results are unclear
The risk of an Airprox is normally:
overestimated
underestimated
discounted
accurately assessed
Evaluation of options in the decision-making process involves:
positive and negative considerations
values and costs
planned and impromptu considerations
assigning tasks
People tend to be biased to make a:
risky loss rather than a certain loss even if the expected loss from the former is greater
risky loss rather than a certain loss even if the expected loss from the former is less
risky loss rather than a certain loss even if the expected loss from the latter is greater
risky loss rather than a certain loss even if the expected loss from the latter is far greater
'Press-on-itis' is a:
common dilemma faced by all pilots
is only experienced by skilled pilots
only happens to inexperienced pilots
is rarely faced by good pilots
The co-pilot is responsible for monitoring the implementation of the Commander's decision.
True
False
People tend to focus on salient cues.
True
False
Fatigue/overload:
always affects decision making
sometimes affects decision making
rarely affects decision making
never affects decision making
In the decision-making process, what should follow 'review and feedback'?
Assign tasks
Decide
Risk assessment
Diagnose and define objective
Man is extremely capable of accurate risk assessment.
True
False
Input from the crew is an important factor in the decision-making process.
True
False
Lack of experience will have the following effect on the decision-making process:
will speed it up (leaping in at the deep end)
slow it down
have no effect
disrupt the process
The decision process should include the crew.
True
False
