wayground logo

Free Printable Worksheets

Font size

S
M
L
XL
Worksheets

Biology semester 1 Final 2025

Total questions: 125

Worksheet time: 2hrs 42mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
The process where cells divide into 2 daughter cells
a)
Meisosis
b)
Mitosis
2.
What does a centromere hold together?
a)
Spindle
b)
Sister Chromatids
3.
The first stage of mitosis
a)
Metaphase
b)
Prophase
c)
Interphase
d)
Anaphase
4.
Which nitogen base is not present in DNA?
a)
Guanine
b)
Thymine
c)
Uracil
d)
cytosine
5.
The sugar in DNA is called
a)
Ribose
b)
Deoxyribose
c)
Trioxyribose
6.
DNA is being replicated. Use base pairing rules for the following strand: ATAGGCTGA
a)
GCTAUCGCC
b)
TATGGCTGA
c)
GGGGGGGGG
d)
TATCCGACT
7.
Which is not part of DNA?
a)
Deoxyribose
b)
Ribose
c)
Phosphate Group
d)
Nitrogen Base
8.
This organelle takes food and turns it into ENERGY for plant and animal cells.
a)
Chloroplast
b)
Mitochondria
c)
Lysosome
d)
Ribosome
9.
The site of photosynthesis
a)
ribosome
b)
mitochondria
c)
chloroplast
d)
nucleus
10.
Which organelle is only found in a plant cell?
a)
nucleus
b)
chloroplast
c)
mitochondria
d)
cell membrane
11.
Directs all cell activities through the DNA located there.
a)
Lysosomes
b)
Nucleus
c)
ribosomes
d)
Mitochondria
12.
Cells with a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles are called ____________________.
a)
prokaryotes
b)
eukaryotes
c)
bacteria
d)
protists
13.
_ are organelles responsible for digesting certain materials within the cell.
a)
vacuoles
b)
chloroplasts
c)
lysosomes
d)
cell membrane
14.
The basic unit of structure and function in a living things.
a)
chloroplast
b)
nucleus
c)
cell
d)
cell membrane
15.
A gel-like fluid in which many different organelles are found.
a)
cell membrane
b)
nucleus
c)
organelle
d)
cytoplasm
16.
Prokaryotic
a)
are single celled organisms that do not have a nucleus or membrane bound organelles
b)
a protective layer that covers the the cells surface and acts as a barrier
c)
is the smallest unit that can preform all he processes necessary for life
17.
Which organism listed below is a prokaryote?
a)
dog
b)
human
c)
sunflower
d)
bacterial cell
18.
What are the 2 parts of a phospholipid?
a)
Hydrophobic head, hydrophilic tails
b)
Hydrophobic heads, hydrophobic tails
c)
Hydrophilic heads, hydrophobic tails
d)
Hydrophilic heads, hydrophilic tails
19.
What is an isotonic solution?
a)
When solutions has same amount of solute
b)
When the solution has more solute
c)
When the solution has less solute
d)
Has a greater pressure
20.
Movement of materials through a vesicle into the cell that requires energy is
a)
exocytosis
b)
endocytosis
c)
osmosis
d)
simple diffusion
21.
Which of the following is the best example of osmosis?
a)
Na/K Pump
b)
Water moving though the cell membrane
c)
Kidneys
d)
Photosynthesis
22.
What is facilitated diffusion?
a)
Transport that uses proteins to help move molecules across the membrane.
b)
Movements of substances through a membrane.
c)
When molecules spread from High to Low concentration on their own.
d)
When pressure pushes something through a membrane.
23.
What kind of transport does not require energy?
a)
Active
b)
Vacuole
c)
Passive
d)
Na/K Pump
24.
Molecules using simple diffusion move from
a)
high to low concentrations
b)
low to high concentrations
c)
no concentrations
d)
both concentrations
25.
The picture below is an example of _________________.
a)
osmosis
b)
isotonic
c)
diffusion
d)
active transport
26.
Plant cells make their own food by taking in
a)
oxygen and water.
b)
oxygen and hydrogen.
c)
carbon dioxide and water.
d)
carbon dioxide and oxygen.
27.
What are the products of photosynthesis?
a)
water and carbon dioxide
b)
oxygen and glucose
c)
oxygen and carbon dioxide
d)
oxygen and water
28.
Which of the following is the correct equation for PHOTOSYNTHESIS?
a)
CO2 + light + H2O --> O2 + Sugar
b)
CO2 + sugar + H2O --> O2 + light
c)
O2 + light + H2O --> CO2 + Sugar
d)
CO2 + O2 + H2O --> Light+ Sugar
29.
Cellular respiration is...
a)
the process by which cells break down glucose into energy.
b)
the process by which cells break light down into energy.
c)
the process by which cells communicate with other cells.
30.
Which of these is a product of cellular respiration?
a)
ATP
b)
Carbon dioxide
c)
Water
d)
All of these are a product of cellular respiration
31.
The purpose of cellular respiration is to produce ?
a)
energy
b)
oxygen
c)
sugar
d)
protein
32.
What are the reactants (taken into) of cellular respiration? (Mark all of them!)
a)
oxygen
b)
glucose
c)
carbon dioxide
d)
water
e)
energy
33.
Where do animals get the glucose that is needed for cellular respiration?
a)
from the exercise they get
b)
from the water they drink
c)
from the food they eat
d)
from the sunlight they get
34.
In which way are photosynthesis and cellular respiration different?
a)
Cellular respiration stores ATP, while photosynthesis releases ATP.
b)
Cellular respiration produces oxygen, while photosynthesis uses oxygen.
c)
Photosynthesis releases energy, while cellular respiration stores energy.
d)
Photosynthesis used carbon dioxide, while cellular respiration produces carbon dioxide.
35.
Which of the following is the correct equation for RESPIRATION
a)
CO2 + light + H2O --> O2 + Sugar
b)
CO2 + sugar + H2O --> O2 + light
c)
O2 + sugar --> CO2 + H2O + ATP
d)
CO2 + H2O --> ATP + Sugar + O2
36.
Which organism(s) go through cellular respiration?
a)
animals only
b)
plants only
c)
both animals and plants
d)
decomposers
37.
Enzymes are...
a)
nucleic acids
b)
proteins
c)
lipids
d)
carbohydrates
38.
Any substance that is acted upon by an enzyme is called a(n)?
a)
Coenzyme
b)
Substrate
c)
Vitamin
d)
Polypeptide
39.
Which of the following best explains why enzymes are necessary for many cellular reactions?
a)
Enzymes supply the oxygen necessary for the reactions
b)
Enzymes change reactants from solid to liquids during the reactions.
c)
The reactions take up too much space in the cell if the enzymes are missing.
d)
The reactions are too slow to meet the needs of the cell if enzymes are missing.
40.
Cohesive forces between water molecules and adhesive forces between water molecules enable ______ to occur
a)
surface tension
b)
photosynthesis
c)
ice floating on water
d)
capillary action
41.
Polar molecules are ________ in water
a)
Soluble
b)
Insoluble
42.
Describe the bonds in water
a)
covalent bonds connect H and O of one water molecule; hydrogen bonds connect different water molecules
b)
ionic bonds connect H and O of one water molecule; covalent bonds different water molcules
c)
hydrogen bonds connect H and O of one water molecule; hydrogen bonds connect different water molcules
d)
hydrogen bonds connect H and O of one water molecule; covalent bonds connect different water molcules
43.
The fact that ice floats on water is due to the fact that water's solid form ____ than its liquid form
a)
is more dense
b)
has less surface tension
c)
is more polar
d)
is less dense
44.
In what ways do DNA and RNA differ?
a)
DNA is double stranded and RNA contains deoxyribose
b)
DNA contains thymine and RNA contains ribose
c)
DNA contains ribose and RNA is single-stranded
d)
DNA contains uracil and RNA contains ribose
45.
Which of the following is NOT in a nucleotide?
a)
5-carbon sugar
b)
nitrogenous base
c)
phosphate group
d)
R group
46.
Which matches the monomer with the polymer?
a)
nucleic acids are made up of amino acids
b)
carbohydrates are made up of monosaccharides
c)
proteins are made up of nitrogenous bases
d)
lipids are made up of triglycerides
47.
Which polysaccharide is used by animals to store glucose?
a)
glycogen
b)
starch
c)
cellulose
d)
chitin
48.
Which property of water allows it to move upward from the roots of a tree to its leaves?
a)
High specific heat
b)
High heat of vaporization
c)
Cohesion
d)
Solvent of life
49.
Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from this graph?
a)
The optimum pH of the enzyme is 6.6.
b)
The optimum pH of the enzyme is 5.8
c)
The enzyme’s activity increases as pH increases 5.0 to 9.0
d)
The enzyme’s activity is greater around pH of 8.0 .
50.
Which sequence of DNA bases would pair with this partial strand ATG TGA CAG
a)
ATG TGA CAG
b)
TAC ACT GTC
c)
GTA AGT GAC
d)
CAT TCA CTG
51.
In a molecule of double-stranded DNA, the amount of Adenine present is always equal to the amount of
a)
cytosine
b)
guanine
c)
thymine
d)
uracil
52.
Which 2 molecules form the sides (backbone) of the DNA ladder?
a)
deoxyribose sugar and adenine
b)
deoxyribose sugar and a hydrogen bond
c)
deoxyribose sugar and the nucleus
d)
deoxyribose sugar and phosphate
53.
Nitrogenous bases are joined by which type of bond?
a)
polar bonds
b)
ionic bonds
c)
covalent bonds
d)
hydrogen bonds
54.
What are the 4 nitrogen bases?
a)
adenine, thymine, cytoplasm, and guanine
b)
adenine, thymine cytosine, and guanine
c)
adenine, thymine, cytosine, and gylcerol
d)
adenine, thymine, cytosine, and glucose
55.
Which phase is this in?
a)
Interphase
b)
Metaphase
c)
Anaphase
d)
Telephase
56.
Which phase is this in?
a)
Prophase
b)
Metaphase
c)
Anaphase
d)
Telephase
57.
Which phase is this in?
a)
Prophase
b)
Metaphase
c)
Anaphase
d)
Telephase
58.
Which phase is this in?
a)
Prophase
b)
Metaphase
c)
Anaphase
d)
Telephase
e)
59.
The nuclear membrane dissolves during
a)
Prophase
b)
Metaphase
c)
Anaphase
d)
Telophase
60.
The process of crossing over occurs in what phase of meiosis?
a)
anaphase 1
b)
prophase 1
c)
prophase 2
d)
telophase 1
61.
What process is shown here?
a)
Genetic Randomization
b)
Cross Over
c)
Allele Switching
d)
Cross Pollination
62.
Meiosis results in the production of
a)
2 diploid cells
b)
2 haploid cells
c)
4 haploid cells
d)
4 diploid cells
63.
The end of meiosis results in  ____ to each other.
a)
2 cells that are identical
b)
4 cells that are identical
c)
2 cells that are not identical
d)
4 cells that are not identical
64.

In a monohybrid cross between two heterozygous pea plants (Tt), what is the probability of obtaining a pea plant with tall stems (dominant trait)?

a)

25%

b)

50%

c)

75%

d)

100%

65.

Which term describes the physical appearance of an organism as a result of its genotype?

a)

Karyotype

b)

Phenotype

c)

Genotype

d)

Allele

66.

In a monohybrid cross, if the genotype of the offspring is "Aa", what are the possible genotypes of the parents?

a)

AA and aa

b)

Aa and Aa

c)

AA and AA

d)

aa and aa

67.

What is the expected genotypic ratio from a monohybrid cross between two heterozygous individuals (Aa x Aa)?

a)

1:2:1

b)

3:1

c)

9:3:3:1

d)

1:1

68.

What is the term for the genetic makeup of an organism?

a)

Phenotype

b)

Genotype

c)

Homozygous

d)

Heterozygous

69.

If a plant with genotype Tt is crossed with a plant with genotype tt, what percentage of the offspring will have the recessive phenotype?

a)

0%

b)

25%

c)

50%

d)

100%

70.

Which of the following genotypes is heterozygous?

a)

AA

b)

Aa

c)

aa

d)

AAA

71.

What is the term used to describe a pair of alleles where one is dominant and the other is recessive?

a)

Homozygous dominant

b)

Homozygous recessive

c)

Heterozygous

d)

Codominant

72.

Which of the following is an example of a phenotype?

a)

The alleles for eye color

b)

The sequence of DNA

c)

Blue eyes

d)

The presence of a recessive gene

73.
Which process and type of resulting cells are represented?
a)
mitosis, gametes
b)
mitosis, body cells
c)
meiosis, gametes
d)
meiosis, body cells
74.

Cell division (mitosis and cytokinesis) is represented by the letter

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

75.
Fruit fly body cells have 8 chromosomes. After mitosis, you would expect a resulting fruit fly daughter cell to have ...
a)
16 chromosomes.
b)
46 chromosomes.
c)
8 chromosomes.
d)
4 chromosomes.
76.
The structures labeled B are
a)
centrioles
b)
chromatids
c)
centromeres
d)
chromopheres
77.
Bacteria are prokaryotes.
a)
True
b)
False
78.
What type of cell has a nucleus? 
a)
eukaryotic
b)
prokaryotic 
79.

Plant and animal cells are examples of

a)

prokaryotic cells

b)

eukaryotic cells

80.

Which of the following structures is ALWAYS found in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?

a)

nucleus

b)

mitochondria

c)

ribosomes

d)

cell wall

81.

PROKARYOTIC cells do NOT have

a)

membrane bound organelles

b)

cell membrane

c)

DNA

d)

ribosomes

82.

The smallest unit of a living thing are

a)

atoms

b)

cells

c)

DNA

d)

organelles

83.

Which type of biological macromolecule is the main component of the plasma membrane?

a)

carbohydrate

b)

phospholipid

c)

protein

d)

cholesterol

84.
A ribosome can be best described as...
a)
a protein factory
b)
a trash collector
c)
the powerhouse of the cell
d)
the brain of the cell
85.

Which cell has central large vacuole

a)

plant cell

b)

animal cell

86.

What is the function of vacuole

a)

storage of food and water

b)

protein synthesis

87.

Osmosis is the diffusion of _____________ across a cell membrane.

a)

Air

b)

Oxygen

c)

Water

d)

Food

88.

An animal cell placed in a hypertonic (salty) solution will ___________

a)

Shrink (get smaller)

b)

Swell up (grow bigger)

c)

Stay the same

89.
Ideally, your cells should be in a(n) _______ solution
a)
Hypertonic
b)
Hypotonic
c)
Isotonic
d)
Cola
90.

Where will the water go?

a)

Into the cell

b)

Out of the cell

c)

Equally in & out - it's isotonic

d)

There is no water

91.

Which of the following are forms of passive transport?

a)

diffusion & endocytosis

b)

endocytosis & exocytosis

c)

diffusion & osmosis

d)

osmosis & endocytosis

92.

Active transport is the movement of large materials across a cell membrane from ______ to ______ concentration

a)

high to low

b)

low to high

c)

high to high

d)

low to low

93.

Active transport across a cell membrane from low to high concentration, requires

a)

energy (ATP)

b)

no energy

c)

water

d)

oxygen

94.

Large particles (or large quantities of smaller particles) are moved across the cell membrane with the use of energy.

a)

pump transport

b)

osmosis

c)

bulk transport

d)

CO2 + O2 Transport

95.

small compartment enclosed by a membrane formed during transport of material during endo + exocytosis

a)

vesicles

b)

large vacuole

c)

mitochondria

d)

lysosome

96.
All cells have a:
a)
Nucleus
b)
Plasma membrane
c)
Cell wall
d)
Buddy
97.

Diffusion & Facilitated Diffusion are both __________ transport.

a)

Passive

b)

Active

c)

Easy

d)

Free

98.

Passive Transport uses ____ energy

a)

no

b)

a lot of

c)

a little bit of

d)

some

99.

The type of transport that requires the use of transport proteins

a)

Passive Transport

b)

Facilitated Diffusion

c)

Active Transport

d)

Vesicular Transport

100.

The energy molecule that powers some modes of transport

a)

ADP

b)

ATP

c)

AGP

d)

ABP

101.

Which type of biological macromolecule is the main component of the plasma membrane?

a)

carbohydrate

b)

lipid

c)

protein

d)

nucleic acid

102.

What does "hydrophillicc" mean?

a)

water loving, associates with water

b)

water fearing, does not associate with water

c)

a world war II submarine

d)

an example would be solutes like sugar or salt

103.

What does "hydrophobic" mean?

a)

water loving, associates with water

b)

water fearing, does not associate with water

c)

a world war II submarine

d)

an example would be solutes like sugar or salt

104.
What process occurs when light energy is captured in autotrophs and converted into sugar?
a)
Photosynthesis
b)
Cellular Respiration
105.

How does most of the water needed by the plant get into its leaves?

a)

It enters through the stomata

b)

The roots absorb it and then it travels up the xylem

c)

It's made during a chemical reaction in the stem

d)

The flowers capture water and deliver it to the leaves

106.
Why do plants conduct photosynthesis?
a)
To make light
b)
To make mitochondria
c)
To make glucose
d)
To release carbon dioxide
107.
What is the source of energy for photosynthesis?
a)
Carbohydrates (chemical energy)
b)
Light (radiant energy)
c)
Heat (thermal energy)
d)
Wind (kinetic energy)
108.
What gas is released into the air during cellular respiration?
a)
oxygen
b)
carbon dioxide
c)
water 
d)
glucose
109.

The process where cells divide into 2 daughter cells


a)

Mitosis

b)

Meosis

110.

What are the 2 parts of a phospholipid? 


a)

Hydrophobic head, hydrophilic tails

b)

Hydrophobic heads, hydrophobic tails

c)

Hydrophilic heads, hydrophilic tails

d)

Hydrophilic heads, hydrophobic tails

111.

The 3 parts of the Cell Theory are...?

a)

All living things are composed of cells

Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things

All cells are produced from other cells

b)

All living things are composed of cells

Cells divide with mitosis and meiosisi.

All cells are destroyed from other cells.

c)

All living things are composed of cells.

Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things

All cells are produced

d)

All living things are composed of cells

All the cell have a nucleus

All cells are produced from other cells

112.
Which of the following scientists concluded that all animals are made of cells?
a)
Rudolf Virchow
b)
Matthais Schleiden
c)
Robert Hooke
d)
Theodor Schwann
113.
Which of the following scientists was the first to observe bacteria?
a)
Anton van Leuwenhoek
b)
Matthais Schleiden
c)
Robert Hooke
d)
Theodor Schwann
114.
Which scientist did NOT contribute to the cell theory?
a)
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek
b)

Robert Hooke
c)
Albert Einstein 
d)

Matthias Schleiden
115.
Who looked at cork and named the cell?
a)
Robert Hooke
b)
Van Leeuwenhoek
c)
Robert Brown
d)
Francesco Redi
116.
Which of the following scientists contributed to the cell theory?
a)
Rudolf Virchow, Robert Hooke, Anton van Leuwenhoek
b)
Matthais Schleiden, Theodor Schwann, Rudolf Virchow
c)
Robert Hooke, Theodor Schwann, Anton von Leuwenhoek
d)
Theodor Schwann, Matthais Schleiden, Robert HookeOption 4 (optional)
117.

Which type of biological macromolecule is the main component of the plasma membrane?

a)

carbohydrate

b)

protein

c)

lipids

d)

nucleic acids

118.

The type of transport that requires the use of transport proteins

a)

Passive Transport

b)

Facilitated Diffusion

c)

Active Transport

d)

Vesicular Transport

119.

The energy molecule that powers some modes of transport

a)

ATP

b)

AMP

c)

ADP

d)

FAD

120.

Small compartment enclosed by a membrane formed during transport of material during endo + exocytosis

a)

vesicles

b)

large vacuole

c)

mitochondria

d)

lysosome

121.

There are several emergent properties of water that contribute its powerful affect on living organisms. These emerging properties are mostly due to:

a)

The abundance of water on Earth

b)

Water’s ability to moderate pH

c)

The buffering ability of water

d)

The hydrogen bonds linking water molecules together

122.

In peas, tall (T) is dominant to short (t). If two heterozygous peas are crossed, ​ (a)   of the offspring are expected to be tall, and ​ (b)   are expected to be short.

Choose from the below words
75%
25%
100%
50%
0%
123.
What are the 2 parts of a phospholipid? 
a)
Hydrophobic head, hydrophilic tails 
b)
Hydrophobic heads, hydrophobic tails 
c)
Hydrophilic heads, hydrophobic tails 
d)
Hydrophilic heads, hydrophilic tails 
124.
Proteins are made of monomers called ___________
a)
Nucleotides
b)
Monosaccharides
c)
Amino Acids
d)
Glycerol and fatty acids
125.
Monosaccharides are monomers of
a)
Carbohydrates
b)
Lipids
c)
Proteins
d)
Nucleic Acids