It is anything that has mass and occupies space. It makes up everything in the universe, including solids, liquids, gases, and plasma.

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It is one of the four primary states of matter, characterized by having a definite shape and volume. The particles atoms, molecules, or ions are closely packed together in a fixed arrangement and vibrate in place, rather than moving freely

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It is one of the four primary states of matter, characterized by having a definite volume but no definite shape. It take the shape of their container, flowing to fill it, but they maintain a consistent volume regardless of the container's shape.

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It is one of the four primary states of matter, characterized by having neither a definite shape nor a definite volume. The particles are widely spaced and move freely, allowing gases to expand to fill the container they are in.

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it is a state of matter that is similar to a gas but has distinct properties due to the presence of charged particles. It is the most abundant state of matter in the universe, found in stars, including the Sun, and other high-energy environments.

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It is a state of matter that occurs at extremely low temperatures, close to absolute zero (0 Kelvin, or -273.15°C).

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Solid to liquid

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Liquid to gas

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Liquid to solid

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Gas to liquid

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Solid to gas

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Gas to solid

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It affects the appearance or state of a substance but don't change what the substance is

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are made with instruments such as rulers,balances,graduated cylinders,beakers,and thermometers. These results are measurable

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Use your senses to observe the results

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Properties that are independent of the amount of substance present in a material sample. These properties exist at the molecular level and are inherent to the chemical composition

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Properties that are dependent on the amount of substance present in a material sample. The ratio of mass and volume yields density

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changes happen when a substance turns into something completely new

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is a pure substance that consists of only one type of atom, distinguished by its number of protons in the nucleus, known as the atomic number. There are the building blocks of matter and cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means. Each element has its own unique properties, and when combined in different ways, elements form compounds.

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It is a substance made up of two or more different elements that are chemically bonded together in fixed proportions. It has distinct chemical and physical properties that are different from the individual elements that compose them.

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It refers to a type of mixture or substance where the components are uniformly distributed and cannot be distinguished from one another. the individual parts are evenly mixed, and it appears as a single phase or substance.

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It refers to a mixture or system that consists of different components that are not uniformly distributed. the individual substances remain distinct and can often be visually distinguished or separated from each other.

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It is a material that has a constant composition and distinct properties throughout. It is made up of only one type of atom or molecule, meaning it cannot be separated into different substances by physical means. It can be elements or compounds

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It is a combination of two or more substances that are physically combined, not chemically bonded. The individual components retain their own properties and can often be separated by physical means, such as filtration, evaporation, or distillation. It can be made up of solids, liquids, or gases, or a combination of these.

(a)