Object X of mass 4 kg travels with a speed of 3 m/s toward object Y of mass 2 kg that is initially at rest. Object X then collides completely inelastically with object Y. How much mechanical energy is converted into nonmechanical energy during the collision?

A stationary object explodes, breaking into three pieces of masses m, m, and 3m. The two pieces of mass m move off at right angles to each other with the same magnitude of momentum mV. What are the magnitude of the velocity of the piece having mass 3m?

Two people of unequal mass are initially standing still on ice with negligible friction. They then simultaneously push each other horizontally. Afterward, which of the following is true?

Two particles collide and stick together. If no external forces act on the two particles, which of the following is correct for the change in total momentum Δp and the change in total kinetic energy ΔK of the two particles?

A dog of mass 10 kg sits on a skateboard of mass 2 kg that is initially traveling south at 2 m/s. The dog jumps off with a velocity of 1 m/s north relative to the ground. Which of the following is the best estimate of the velocity of the skateboard immediately after the dog has jumped?

In an experiment, a variable net force is applied to an object. A graph of the net force exerted on the object as a function of time is shown. Which of the following experiments could have been conducted to represent the variable net force shown in the graph?

Two identical blocks are connected to the opposite ends of a compressed spring. The blocks initially slide together on a frictionless surface with velocity v to the right. The spring is then released by remote control. At some later instant, the left block is moving at v/2 to the left, and the other block is moving to the right. What is the speed of the center of mass of the system at that instant?

Two lumps of clay with masses m and 2m are traveling in opposite directions with speed 3v, as shown above. The lumps of clay collide and stick together. What is the speed of the combined lump of clay after the collision?

Two identical spaceships are traveling in deep space, far from any planets or stars. The ships travel in the same direction, with the slower one directly behind the faster one. The ships are connected by a cable attached to a spool, so that the part of the cable outside the ships can be made longer or shorter as needed. The cable is used to bring the ships to the same speed for a transfer of cargo. The graph above shows the speed of the two ships during a 10 s interval. Which of the following graphs best represents the net force exerted on the two-ship system?

A toy cannon of mass 1.0 kg is initially at rest on a horizontal surface when it launches a 0.05 kg projectile with a velocity of 10 m/s at an angle of 60° above the horizontal. What is the speed of the 1.0 kg cannon immediately after the projectile is released, assuming that friction is negligible?

During an experiment a student records the net horizontal force exerted on an object moving in a straight line along a horizontal frictionless track. The graph shows the force as a function of time. Of the following, which is the best approximation of the magnitude of the change in momentum of the object between 0 s and 4 s?

Using a force probe, a student generates the graph above of the force exerted on a small wagon as a function of time. The wagon starts from rest and rolls with negligible friction in the axles. Which of the following graphs best represents the wagon’s momentum as a function of time?

Two carts of masses 1 kg and 2 kg travel together, as shown. At time t = 2 s, a compressed spring inside the 2 kg cart expands, and the cars separate. Figure 2 shows a graph of the carts' velocities as a function of time. What is the magnitude of the change in linear momentum, if any, of the two cart system between t = 0 s and t = 4 s?

An open cart on a level surface is rolling without frictional loss through a vertical downpour of rain. As the cart rolls, an appreciable amount of rainwater accumulates in the cart. The speed of the cart will:

Two carts, of mass 2m and m, approach each other head-on with the same speed v, as shown in the figure. When the carts collide, they hook together. Assuming positive momentum is to the right, which of the following best represents the momentum of the cart of mass m as a function of time before and after the collision?