In some windy locations, a group of wind turbines may be built near each other. These are known as wind farms. Which pair of statements best describes a disadvantage and an advantage of building a wind farm instead of a single wind turbine?

The incomplete model shows the processes involved in the rock cycle

Which of the following shows the rock types in the correct order going clockwise from the top.

Choose the rock type that correctly completes the statement.

( Igneous / Metamorphic / Sedimentary ) rock is best for the formation of fossils in the fossil record.

The map shows the movement of the Indian landmass over the past 71 million years

Which observation would provide the best evidence of the northward movement of India?

A student is developing a model of two tectonic plate boundaries.

The model is incomplete. Which set of information identifies the labels the student should use to complete the model and describes a process shown in the model?

A.

Deforestation is the clearing or removal of forest land for use by humans for other purposes. Deforestation is common in areas that are used to raise cattle and grow crops. Which set of information describes the best way humans could reduce this impact on the environment?

Standard solar cells use a thick layer of silicon, an abundant metalloid in Earth’s crust. Engineers are developing new solar cells using perovskite—a mineral-based material. The chart shows some advantages and disadvantages of the use of perovskite solar cells.

A community in Albuquerque, New Mexico, is considering installing perovskite solar cells on the rooftops of 1,000 homes. On average the area has 280 sunny days per year; the U.S. average is 205 sunny days per year. Albuquerque averages 11 inches of rain per year. The U.S. average is 39 inches of rain per year.

Which decision about whether to install perovskite solar cells is best supported by this evidence?

Students in a science class set up an investigation to model soil formation by following the steps listed below.

Investigation Steps•

Place four cubes of sugar into a glass jar and place a lid on the jar

Shake the jar for 30 seconds.

Record observations about how the sugar cubes have changed.

Shake the jar for two more minutes.

Record observations about how the sugar cubes have changed.

Which observations were most likely made, and which research question were the students

most likely testing during this investigation?

The incomplete model represents part of the water cycle.

Part A: Choose the correct labels of the water cycle starting at the top and moving right.

Some scientists study asteroids that could potentially impact Earth. Which mechanism could be used to best protect against this type of possible natural hazard?

The first map shows areas covered by glaciers 300 million years ago. The arrows show the directions of the glacial movement based on evidence from scratches in the continental bedrock. The present-day positions of the continents are shown in the second map.

Choose a word or phrase in each set of parentheses to form the conclusion that is best supported by the maps.

The scratches on the bedrock suggest that the ( landmasses / oceans ) were once connected nearer to the South Pole, and the ice flowed from ( several different locations / a central location / low latitudes to higher latitudes

Acid rain occurs when chemical pollution in the atmosphere reacts with atmospheric chemicals. This type of pollution is mainly released by burning fossil fuels to generate electricity, to power vehicles and heavy equipment, and to run industries such as manufacturing and oil refining.

Choose a phrase in each set of parentheses to correctly explain one-way humans could reduce the impact of acid rain on Earth’s ecosystems.

Increased ( use of public transportation / recycling of metals / water conservation measures / consumption of farmed seafood ) would reduce the impact of acid rain by reducing ( the amount of pollutants released by vehicles / reliance on nonrenewable resources / the pollution of water sources / the effect of pollution on aquatic ecosystems

Major volcanic eruptions are examples of extreme events that leave behind the remains of living organisms that may form into rock layers. Scientists can use these rock layers to determine which organisms were alive at different times on Earth.

Which statement describes the most likely location of a rock layer containing fossils of organisms living immediately before an extreme event occurred?

Different geologic processes build and break apart Earth’s surface at different rates. Record the process labels in the table to represent the most likely speeds and results of the geologic processes.

A student observes the map showing the tornadoes that were reported in April of 2019.

Which impact would the student most likely observe in locations with reported tornadoes?

The Cretaceous-Tertiary (K-Pg) event occurred about 65.5 million years ago. The causes are not completely known, but over fifty percent of all plants and animals went extinct. Evidence shows that Earth experienced a massive heat event that triggered fires, volcanic eruptions, and earthquakes. These activities released large amounts of debris into the air. The debris blocked the sunlight and caused Earth’s surface temperature to become much cooler.

Which type of organisms would have most likely survived this event?

A student is studying a diagram of a tectonic plate boundary

Choose the word in each set of parentheses to best describe the movement of the tectonic plates in the diagram.

The tectonic plates move across Earth’s surface due to

( convection / conduction / radiation ) from materials in Earth’s ( core / mantle / crust ) layer.

In which layer do convection currents occur?

Choose one process in each set of parentheses to describe the relationships between parts of the water cycle.

Precipitation may ( run off / infiltrate ) to become surface water.

Surface water may ( run off / infiltrate ) to become groundwater

The diagram shows two rock columns from different locations in the same state

Which rock layers are most likely the same age?